1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 19 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_2.当我们从全球的角度来看环境问题时，首先注意的是环境问题所引起的人们的各种担心。发达国家担心的是大气和水的污染，能源的紧张，城市对农村面积的不断蚕食。发展中国家最担心的是营养不良，人口增长，水源不足，缺少教育和就业机会。（分数：2.00）_3.尽管一对夫妻一个孩子的政策还是强制性的，而且怀胎指标分配的做法在许多地方导致关系紧张。但有迹象表明，人们的态度正在发生变化。越来越多的夫妻生一个孩子已是自然的选择，而不是被迫的。一些专家预计
2、，中国人口到二十一世纪达到高峰后就会下来。（分数：2.00）_4.目前我国的在读博士生人数已经达到 12 万人，仅次于美国和德国。按教育部的规划，到 2010 年，我国年授予博士学位的人数将达到 5 万人，跃居世界第一位。中国人民大学的一位教授将这种现象称为“博士大跃进”，质疑博士的质量和社会对博士的大材小用。 按理说，教育水平的整体提高是全民族的幸事，博士多了有何不好?博士，顾名思义，就是学识渊博之士，是通过竞争淘汰选拔出来的高级人才，不是想有就有的。事实上，博士的产量是和全民族的文化教育素质相关的。培养博士不能大跃进。（分数：2.00）_5.该教授指出，博士以这样的速度增长，即使保证了质量
3、，也会大材小用或为发达国家培养人才。以前一个教授带两三个博士生，现在一个教授带二十个博士生，每人每天只能指导几分钟，而这些博士将来还要当老师，当博导。除非自学成才，否则博士只能让啥也不是的九斤老太不幸言中：一代不如一代。 中国不是不需要太多的博士，更不是不尊重博士，而是我们正在损失尊重博士的理由。（分数：2.00）_6.举办世博会对中国的影响将是十分积极的。这不仅有助于中国吸收各国经验，进一步推进改革开放，特别是促进长江流域经济的发展，还能够加强中国与各国间的友好交往。2010 年上海世博会的主题确定为“城市，让生活更美好”。这个主题突出了三方面的特点：时代性、独创性和普遍性。城市是人类文明在
4、生活空间上的结晶，越来越多的人，为了追求美好的生活而进入了城市。人类已经跨人了新世纪，世界城市化的进程将进一步加快，城市已经成为全世界政治家、经济家和社会活动家关注的焦点。（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 19 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_解析：2.当我们从全球的角度来看环境问题时，首先注意的是环境问题所引起的人们的各种担心。发达国家担心的是大气和水的污染，能源的紧张，城市对农村面积的不断蚕食。发展中国家最担心的是营养不良，人口增长，水源不足，缺少教育和就业机会。（分数：2.00）
5、_正确答案：(正确答案： When we examine environmental problems in a global context, the first thing that impresses us is the variety of concerns they evoke. Whereas in the developed world the focus is on air and water pollution, the energy shortage and chewing up of the rural areas by urban sprawl. The concern
6、 of the developing countries will most likely center on malnutrition, population growth, short of water, the lack of education and jobs.)解析：3.尽管一对夫妻一个孩子的政策还是强制性的，而且怀胎指标分配的做法在许多地方导致关系紧张。但有迹象表明，人们的态度正在发生变化。越来越多的夫妻生一个孩子已是自然的选择，而不是被迫的。一些专家预计，中国人口到二十一世纪达到高峰后就会下来。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Coercion still under
7、lies the one-child policy, and the rationing of the right to become pregnant remains a source of tension in many parts of China. But there are indications of a change in attitudes , with more and more couples falling in line with the nation“ s one child policy as a matter of choice rather than compu
8、lsion. Some experts predict that China“ s population will decline after peaking in the 21st century.)解析：4.目前我国的在读博士生人数已经达到 12 万人，仅次于美国和德国。按教育部的规划，到 2010 年，我国年授予博士学位的人数将达到 5 万人，跃居世界第一位。中国人民大学的一位教授将这种现象称为“博士大跃进”，质疑博士的质量和社会对博士的大材小用。 按理说，教育水平的整体提高是全民族的幸事，博士多了有何不好?博士，顾名思义，就是学识渊博之士，是通过竞争淘汰选拔出来的高级人才，不是想有就有
9、的。事实上，博士的产量是和全民族的文化教育素质相关的。培养博士不能大跃进。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： The number of students pursuing their Ph. D. degrees has reached 120 thousand in China, second only to the United States and Germany. According to the plan of China“ s Ministry of Education, 50 thousand graduate students will receive their P
10、h. D. degrees by the year 2010, the number ranking first in the world. A professor of the Renmin University of China called this a “ great leap forward“ in Ph. D. training and raised doubts about the quality of such fast-produced doctors and the possibility that those doctors might be given unworthy
11、 jobs. Theoretically the overall raising of educational level is a blessing for the nation. There is nothing wrong with so many doctors. As the highest level of degree given by any university, the title of “doctor“ suggests that its receiver must be a well learned person who has been selected throug
12、h competition and elimination, and you don“ t find doctors everywhere. As a matter of fact, the number of trained Ph. Ds is closely related with the quality of education and culture of the whole nation. There can be no great leap forward in the training of doctors.)解析：5.该教授指出，博士以这样的速度增长，即使保证了质量，也会大材
13、小用或为发达国家培养人才。以前一个教授带两三个博士生，现在一个教授带二十个博士生，每人每天只能指导几分钟，而这些博士将来还要当老师，当博导。除非自学成才，否则博士只能让啥也不是的九斤老太不幸言中：一代不如一代。 中国不是不需要太多的博士，更不是不尊重博士，而是我们正在损失尊重博士的理由。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： The professor pointed out that at such a rate, many doctors will inevitably be engaged in unworthy jobs or have to look for jobs in de
14、veloped countries even when the quality of their training can be assured. Years ago one professor used to give guidance to at most two or three doctoral students. Now the number can be as high as twenty. So each student can receive only a few minutes of counseling every day. These doctoral students
15、will become teachers and coach doctoral students themselves in the future. Unless they can become scholars through self study, most of these doctors will deteriorate generation after generation, as lamented in one of Lu Xun“ s well-known stories by Granny Jiujin about her offspring. It is not that C
16、hina does not need that many doctors nor is that doctors do not receive due respect in China. The fact is that we are losing the reasons why doctors should be respected.)解析：6.举办世博会对中国的影响将是十分积极的。这不仅有助于中国吸收各国经验，进一步推进改革开放，特别是促进长江流域经济的发展，还能够加强中国与各国间的友好交往。2010 年上海世博会的主题确定为“城市，让生活更美好”。这个主题突出了三方面的特点：时代性、独创
17、性和普遍性。城市是人类文明在生活空间上的结晶，越来越多的人，为了追求美好的生活而进入了城市。人类已经跨人了新世纪，世界城市化的进程将进一步加快，城市已经成为全世界政治家、经济家和社会活动家关注的焦点。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Hosting the Exposition will have a positive impact on China, as China will be able not only to draw useful experiences of other countries to further its reform and opening up pro
18、cess and, in particular , promote the economic development in the Changjiang River Basin ( delta) , but also to strengthen its friendly relations with other countries. If Shanghai wins the bid, the theme of the 2010 world exposition will be “Better city, Better life“ , which is characterized by thre
19、e distinctive features: reflecting the spirit of our age, being original in concept and having universal significance. Cities are a fruit of human civilization in respect of living space. More and more people have made their way into the cities in pursuit of a better life. With the advent of the new century, urbanization will be further accelerated worldwide. Cities have already become the focus of attention of statesmen, economists and social activists around the world.)解析：
