1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 8 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_2.It is a research that is guaranteed to delight men and infuriate the women in their lives. A controversial new study has claimed that men really are more intelligent than women. The study concluded that men“ s IQs are
2、 almost four points higher than women“ s. British-born researcher John Philippe Rushton, who previously created a furor by suggesting intelligence is influenced by race, says the finding could explain why so few women make it to the top in the workplace. He claims the glass ceiling“ phenomenon is pr
3、obably due to inferior intelligence, rather than discrimination or lack of opportunity. The University of Western Ontario psychologist reached his conclusion after scrutinizing the results of university aptitude tests taken by 100, 000 students aged 17 and 18 of both sexes. A focus on factors such a
4、s the ability to quickly grasp a complex concept, verbal reasoning skills and creativity some of the key ingredients of intelligence revealed the male teenagers had IQs that were an average of 3. 63 points higher. The average person has an IQ of around 100. The findings, which held true for all clas
5、ses and levels of parental education, overturn a 100 year consensus that men and women average the same in general mental ability. They also conflict with evidence that girls do better in school exams than boys. But Prof Rushton, who was born in Bournemouth and obtained his doctorate in social psych
6、ology from the London School of Economics, argues that the faster maturing of girls leads to them outshining boys in the classroom.（分数：2.00）_3.Language exists to communicate whatever it can communicate. Some things it communicates so badly that we never attempt to communicate them by words if any ot
7、her medium is available. Those who think they are testing a boy“ s “elementary“ command of English by asking him to describe in words how one ties one“ s tie or what a pair of scissors is like, are far astray. For precisely what language can hardly do at all, and never does well, is to inform us abo
8、ut complex physical shapes and movements. Hence descriptions of such things in the ancient writers are nearly always unintelligible. Hence we never in real life voluntarily use language for this purpose; we draw a diagram or go through pantomimic gestures. The exercises which such examiners set are
9、no more a test of “elementary“ linguistic competence than the most difficult bit of trickriding from the circus ring is a test of elementary horsemanship. Another grave limitation of language is that it cannot, like music or gesture, do more than one thing at once. However the words in a great poet“
10、 s phrase interanimate one other and strike the mind as quasi-instantaneous chord, yet, strictly speaking, each word must be read or heard before the next. That way, language is as unilinear as time. Hence, in narrative, the great difficulty of presenting a very complicated change which happens sudd
11、enly. If we do justice to the complexity, the time the reader must take over the passage will destroy the feeling of suddenness. If we get in the suddenness we shall not be able to get in the complexity. One of the most important and effective uses of language is the emotional. It is also, of course
12、, wholly legitimate. We do not talk only in order to reason or to inform. We have to make love and quarrel, to propitiate and pardon, to rebuke, to console, intercede, and a rouse. “ He that complains ,“ said Johnson, “ acts like a man, like a social being. “ The real objection lies not against the
13、language of emotion as such, but against language which, being in reality emotional, masqueradeswhether by plain hypocrisy or subtle self-deceitas being something else.（分数：2.00）_4.Thoughts in Westminster Abbey When I am in a serious humour, I very often walk by myself in Westminster Abbey; where the
14、 gloominess of the place, and the use which it is applied, with the solemnity of the building, and the condition of the people who lie in it, are apt to fill the mind with a kind of melancholy, or rather thoughtfulness, that is not disagreeable. I yesterday passed a whole afternoon in the churchyard
15、, the cloisters, and the church, amusing myself with the tombstones and inscriptions that I met with in those several regions of the dead. Most of them recorded nothing else of the buried person, but that he was born upon one day, and died upon another: the whole history of his life being comprehend
16、ed in those two circumstances, that are common to all mankind. I could not but look upon these registers of existence, whether of brass or marble, as a kind of satire upon the departed persons ; who had left no other memorial of them, but that they were born and that they died. They put me in mind o
17、f several persons mentioned in the battles of heroic poems, who have sounding names given them, for no other reason but that they may be killed, and are celebrated for nothing but being knocked on the head. The life of these men is finely described in holy writ by “ the path of an arrow“ , which is
18、immediately closed up and lost. Upon my going into the church, I entertained myself with the digging of a grave; and saw in every shovelful of it that was thrown up, the fragment of a bone or skull intermixt with a kind of fresh mouldering earth, that some time or other had a place in the compositio
19、n of a human body. Upon this I began to consider with myself what innumerable multitudes of people lay confused together under the pavement of that ancient cathedral; how men and women, friends and enemies, priests and soldiers, monks and prebendaries, were crumbled amongst one another, and blended
20、together in the same common mass; how beauty, strength, and youth, with old age, weakness and deformity, lay undistinguished in the same promiscuous heap of matter.（分数：2.00）_5.A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man“ s life is
21、, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “ They are never alone,“ said Sir Philip Sidney, “ that are accompanied by noble thoughts. “ The
22、good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Tem
23、ples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author“ s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has be
24、en to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we symp
25、athize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. The great and good do not die even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk a-broad. The book is a living voice.
26、It is an intellect to which one still listens. Hence we ever remain under the influence of the great men of old.（分数：2.00）_6.In the United States, and here in Asia, intellectual property accounts for a significant and growing segment of commercial trade. But the same technologies that have spurred ra
27、pid growth in the legitimate economy have also allowed criminals to misappropriate the creativity of our innovators and entrepreneursand to operate global enterprises that survive by executing IP schemes. In fact, for every technological and commercial quantum leap we have made, criminalsand often e
28、ntire international criminal syndicateshave kept pace. They have developed sophisticated methods for committing every imaginable type of intellectual property offense. They aren“ t just selling counterfeit clothing or electronics. They“ re selling defective and dangerous imitations of critical compo
29、nents , like brake pads, or everyday consumer goods, like toothpaste. They“ re conducting corporate espionage. They“ re pirating music, movies, games, software, and other copyrighted worksboth on our cities“ streets and online. And the consequences are devastating. The global software industry is a
30、prime example. According to recent industry reports, it is now estimated that, worldwide, more than 40 percent of all software installed on personal computers is obtained illegallywith forgone revenues to the software industry topping $ 50 billion. These are funds that could have been invested in ne
31、w jobs and next-generation technologies. And software piracy affects more than just the software industrysince, for every $ 1 of PC software sold, it“ s estimated that more than $ 3 of revenues are lost to local IT support and distribution services. Other IP and support industries are seeing the sam
32、e ripple effect of lossesand current trends are alarming. Perhaps most concerning of all, however, is the widespread growth we“ ve seen in the international sale of counterfeit pharmaceuticals, which can put the stability of corporationsand, more importantly, the health of consumersat serious risk.（
33、分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 8 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_解析：2.It is a research that is guaranteed to delight men and infuriate the women in their lives. A controversial new study has claimed that men really are more intelligent than women. The study concluded that men
34、“ s IQs are almost four points higher than women“ s. British-born researcher John Philippe Rushton, who previously created a furor by suggesting intelligence is influenced by race, says the finding could explain why so few women make it to the top in the workplace. He claims the glass ceiling“ pheno
35、menon is probably due to inferior intelligence, rather than discrimination or lack of opportunity. The University of Western Ontario psychologist reached his conclusion after scrutinizing the results of university aptitude tests taken by 100, 000 students aged 17 and 18 of both sexes. A focus on fac
36、tors such as the ability to quickly grasp a complex concept, verbal reasoning skills and creativity some of the key ingredients of intelligence revealed the male teenagers had IQs that were an average of 3. 63 points higher. The average person has an IQ of around 100. The findings, which held true f
37、or all classes and levels of parental education, overturn a 100 year consensus that men and women average the same in general mental ability. They also conflict with evidence that girls do better in school exams than boys. But Prof Rushton, who was born in Bournemouth and obtained his doctorate in s
38、ocial psychology from the London School of Economics, argues that the faster maturing of girls leads to them outshining boys in the classroom.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 这项研究结果一定会让男人高兴，而惹女人生气。一项具有争议的最新研究表明，男人确实比女人聪明。研究发现，男人的智商比女人高四分。 英国籍研究员约翰?菲利普?鲁什顿曾因提出“智商受到种族影响”这一观点引起了一场轰动，他说，此次最新研究结果可以解释为什么很少有女性能成为职场精英
39、。约翰?菲利普?鲁什顿表示，造成这种“玻璃天花板”现象的原因可能是女性的智商不及男性，而不是性别歧视或缺乏良机。 这位西安大略大学的心理学家对 10 万名 17 至 18 岁的男女学生进行了大学智力测试，在仔细分析测试结果后，他得出了上述结论。此项测试着重对学生快速理解复杂概念、语言推理能力和创造力等几项智力指标进行了考察。结果发现，男学生的智商平均高出 363 分。一般人的智商水平在 100 分左右。 这项研究结果适用于各类人群和各个年龄阶段，它推翻了长期以来人们所一致认同的“男女智力相当”这一观点。此外，这项研究结果与女孩的考试成绩总比男孩好这一事实相矛盾。对此，出生于伯恩茅斯镇，在伦敦经
40、济学院获得了社会心理学博士学位的鲁什顿教授辩解说，女孩比男孩学习好是因为女孩比男孩成熟得早。)解析：3.Language exists to communicate whatever it can communicate. Some things it communicates so badly that we never attempt to communicate them by words if any other medium is available. Those who think they are testing a boy“ s “elementary“ command of
41、English by asking him to describe in words how one ties one“ s tie or what a pair of scissors is like, are far astray. For precisely what language can hardly do at all, and never does well, is to inform us about complex physical shapes and movements. Hence descriptions of such things in the ancient
42、writers are nearly always unintelligible. Hence we never in real life voluntarily use language for this purpose; we draw a diagram or go through pantomimic gestures. The exercises which such examiners set are no more a test of “elementary“ linguistic competence than the most difficult bit of trickri
43、ding from the circus ring is a test of elementary horsemanship. Another grave limitation of language is that it cannot, like music or gesture, do more than one thing at once. However the words in a great poet“ s phrase interanimate one other and strike the mind as quasi-instantaneous chord, yet, str
44、ictly speaking, each word must be read or heard before the next. That way, language is as unilinear as time. Hence, in narrative, the great difficulty of presenting a very complicated change which happens suddenly. If we do justice to the complexity, the time the reader must take over the passage wi
45、ll destroy the feeling of suddenness. If we get in the suddenness we shall not be able to get in the complexity. One of the most important and effective uses of language is the emotional. It is also, of course, wholly legitimate. We do not talk only in order to reason or to inform. We have to make l
46、ove and quarrel, to propitiate and pardon, to rebuke, to console, intercede, and a rouse. “ He that complains ,“ said Johnson, “ acts like a man, like a social being. “ The real objection lies not against the language of emotion as such, but against language which, being in reality emotional, masque
47、radeswhether by plain hypocrisy or subtle self-deceitas being something else.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 语言的存在就是用来表达它所能表达的一切。有些事情用语言表达效果太糟，所以如果有其他的媒介，我们从不用语言去表达。有人认为，让小孩用语言描述怎样系领带，或者描述一把剪刀的样子，就能测出他语言的“基本”水平，这种看法是完全错误的。语言做不到，也从来做不好的事，恰恰就是描述复杂的物体形状和动作。因此，古代作家对这类事情的描述，几乎总是让人看不懂。因此，我们在现实生活中，从来不会主动用语言来做这些事；我们会画一个图，或者用手势表示。这种语言测试设计，考的不是语言的“基本”能力，这就像用马戏团花样骑马表演中最难的部分，去考一个人的基本骑术。 语言的另一大局限就
