1、BFT 阅读（综合）-试卷 13 及答案解析(总分：48.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：3，分数：48.00)McDonalds domestic troubles arent exactly new. Competitors, including Pizz Hut and Taco Bell, began nibbling at McDonalds market share in the late eighties. 1Theres even evidence that McDonalds has been slipping in areas it once domi
2、nated. A 1995 Restaurants and Institutions Choice in Chains survey of 2849 adults gave McDonalds low marks on food quality, value, service and cleanliness. 2 3Put simply, because it could. After all, as a company, and a stock, McDonalds is really an international story. Its global operations in 96 c
3、ountries are the real attraction, feeding 47% of the companys $30 billion sales and 54% of profits. 4 Brisk overseas business, however, has only magnified the chains U.S. blues. 5 McDonalds started hawking Extra Value Meals in 1991, largely to keep up with Taco Bells value pricing. 6and “the super-l
4、ow price promotions werent driving customers into the store any longer,“ notes David Adelman, a Dean Witter Reynolds analyst. So the new, adult-oriented Deluxe line is not only supposed to win back older chowhounds; its also aimed at bumping prices back up. 7its a lot of pressure to put on a bunch o
5、f burgers, especially given the problems McDonalds has had expanding its menus in recent years. At least some industry experts question whether McDonalds may be making a fundamental marketing mistake with its new emphasis on adult customers. 8 A. And within the burger segment, where growth in the ni
6、neties has slowed to about 5% annually, Arch reveals like Burger King have managed sales gains for three years running B. McDonalds found that discounting a tactic the company tried reluctantly failed to revive per-store sales. C. So why did McDonalds wait so long to attack its domestic problem head
7、-on. D. For the most part, McDonalds has those unsatiated foreign appetites to thank for its 126 consecutive quarters of record earnings. E. There is a chance, after all, that the “grownup“ theme including commercial that show kids grimacing at the sight of an Arch Deluxe could backfire. F. But by m
8、id-1995, the value concept had evolved to straight discounting. G. The chicken, fish, and beef sandwiches cost about 20% more than “classic menu“ items. H. Top honors instead went to Wendys.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_St. Paul didnt like it. 1Hesiod declared it
9、“mischievous“ and “hard to get rid of it“, but Oscar Wilder said, “Gossip is charming.“ “History is merely gossip,“ he wrote in one of his famous plays. “ But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality.“ In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them
10、in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries. 2Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad afte
11、r all. Gossip is “ an intrinsically valuable activity,“ philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Zeev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesnt come through ordinary channels, such as: “What was the real reason so-
12、and-so was fired from the office?“ 3It is “a kind of sharing“ that also “satisfies the tribal need namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group.“ 4 Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a
13、form of indiscretion and a “saintly virtue“, by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. 5 Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. 6 By the way, there is also an interest
14、ing strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help. 7But remember, if(as often is the case among gossipers)you should su
15、ddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will
16、 believe them. 8 A. Moses warned his people against it. B. “It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets,“ he writes. C. Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being lo
17、oked at in a different light. D. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion. E. Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Zeev says. F. Whats more, the professor notes, “Gossip is enjoyable.“ G. Or, as Wil
18、l Rogers said, “Live so that you wouldnt be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip.“ H. So go ahead and gossip.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_The basic problem of an economic society is to allocate resources among the members of the society so as to m
19、aximize the welfare of the society as a whole. 1But what is the mechanism which seeks to achieve this objective? In a planned economy the central planning agency develops plans for allocating resources. 2That is, prices furnish the guideposts that indicate how resources should be used. Prices determ
20、ine what products and services should be produced and in what amounts. 3And prices determine for whom the products and services should be produced. Thus, prices affect incomes and spending behaviour. 4For the consumer with a given income level, prices influence what to buy and how much of each produ
21、ct to buy. Price changes also play a major role in a market economy. 5If costs remain the same per unit sold, the higher price leads to greater profits and an incentive to invest in resources to produce even greater quantities of the product. 6In addition, higher prices may also stimulate a greater
22、rate of innovation and the development of new technology. On the other hand, if available supply is greater than demand there are pressures to decrease prices and reduce output. 7Thus, rising prices direct resources to the bidder of greatest desire(stimulating supply), and rising prices curtail dema
23、nds of the least urgent bidders(rationing supply). 8 A. Prices determine how these products and services should be produced. B. In a market economy the price system allocates resources. C. For business people, profits are determined by the difference between their revenues and their costs; and their
24、 revenues are determined by multiplying price per unit sold by the number of units sold. D. Thus, the producers are able to bid more for raw material resources, thereby directing these resources into that industry. E. Declining prices have the opposite effects. F. When demand for a product or servic
25、e is greater than the supply available, buyers bid the price up. G To achieve this welfare objective each resource should be used to perform the function that it contributes most efficiently to society. H. These pressures lead producers to convert their resources to alternative uses.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:
26、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BFT 阅读（综合）-试卷 13 答案解析(总分：48.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：3，分数：48.00)McDonalds domestic troubles arent exactly new. Competitors, including Pizz Hut and Taco Bell, began nibbling at McDonalds market share in the late eighties. 1Theres even evidence that
27、McDonalds has been slipping in areas it once dominated. A 1995 Restaurants and Institutions Choice in Chains survey of 2849 adults gave McDonalds low marks on food quality, value, service and cleanliness. 2 3Put simply, because it could. After all, as a company, and a stock, McDonalds is really an i
28、nternational story. Its global operations in 96 countries are the real attraction, feeding 47% of the companys $30 billion sales and 54% of profits. 4 Brisk overseas business, however, has only magnified the chains U.S. blues. 5 McDonalds started hawking Extra Value Meals in 1991, largely to keep up
29、 with Taco Bells value pricing. 6and “the super-low price promotions werent driving customers into the store any longer,“ notes David Adelman, a Dean Witter Reynolds analyst. So the new, adult-oriented Deluxe line is not only supposed to win back older chowhounds; its also aimed at bumping prices ba
30、ck up. 7its a lot of pressure to put on a bunch of burgers, especially given the problems McDonalds has had expanding its menus in recent years. At least some industry experts question whether McDonalds may be making a fundamental marketing mistake with its new emphasis on adult customers. 8 A. And
31、within the burger segment, where growth in the nineties has slowed to about 5% annually, Arch reveals like Burger King have managed sales gains for three years running B. McDonalds found that discounting a tactic the company tried reluctantly failed to revive per-store sales. C. So why did McDonalds
32、 wait so long to attack its domestic problem head-on. D. For the most part, McDonalds has those unsatiated foreign appetites to thank for its 126 consecutive quarters of record earnings. E. There is a chance, after all, that the “grownup“ theme including commercial that show kids grimacing at the si
33、ght of an Arch Deluxe could backfire. F. But by mid-1995, the value concept had evolved to straight discounting. G. The chicken, fish, and beef sandwiches cost about 20% more than “classic menu“ items. H. Top honors instead went to Wendys.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：H）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）填空项
34、 1:_ （正确答案：D）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：G）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：解析：最后一句总结了全文。许多人对麦当劳的新举措提出质疑。E 句指出，不管怎么说，对麦当劳来说，毕竟是个辞旧迎新的机会。在被选答案中，只有 E 句为总结性的句子，适合总结全文，因此 E 为正确答案。St. Paul didnt like it. 1Hesiod declared it “mischievous“ and “hard to get rid of it“, but Oscar Wilder said, “Gossip is
35、charming.“ “History is merely gossip,“ he wrote in one of his famous plays. “ But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality.“ In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired eff
36、ect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries. 2Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all. Gossip is “ an intrinsically valuable activity,“ philosophy professor
37、Aaron Ben-Zeev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesnt come through ordinary channels, such as: “What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from the office?“ 3It is “a kind of sharing“ that also “sati
38、sfies the tribal need namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group.“ 4 Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a “saintly virtue“, by which he means that the knowl
39、edge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. 5 Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. 6 By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according
40、 to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help. 7But remember, if(as often is the case among gossipers)you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproo
41、f defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. 8 A. Moses warned his people against it. B. “It seems likely t
42、hat a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets,“ he writes. C. Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. D. And people should refrain from certain kinds
43、 of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion. E. Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Zeev says. F. Whats more, the professor notes, “Gossip is enjoyable.“ G. Or, as Will Rogers said, “Live so that you wouldnt be ashamed to sell the family parrot
44、 to the town gossip.“ H. So go ahead and gossip.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：H）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：G）解析：解析：文章最后一段讲述了如果你自己成了被闲话的对象应如何对待。G 选项：“或正如 Will Rogers 所言，生活着，不因家事成为全城的闲话中心而羞愧。”是作者的建议。The basic problem of an ec
45、onomic society is to allocate resources among the members of the society so as to maximize the welfare of the society as a whole. 1But what is the mechanism which seeks to achieve this objective? In a planned economy the central planning agency develops plans for allocating resources. 2That is, pric
46、es furnish the guideposts that indicate how resources should be used. Prices determine what products and services should be produced and in what amounts. 3And prices determine for whom the products and services should be produced. Thus, prices affect incomes and spending behaviour. 4For the consumer
47、 with a given income level, prices influence what to buy and how much of each product to buy. Price changes also play a major role in a market economy. 5If costs remain the same per unit sold, the higher price leads to greater profits and an incentive to invest in resources to produce even greater quantities of the product. 6In addition, higher prices may also stimulate a greater rate of innovation and the development of new technology. On th
