1、BFT 阅读（综合）-试卷 2 及答案解析(总分：48.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：3，分数：48.00)Trade is central to human health, prosperity and social welfare. 1Examples of trade in daily life are so abundant they sometimes go unnoticed: people drive to work in a car made in Japan which runs on fuel imported from the Middle Eas
2、t. 2A computer might have come from India and may run on software from the United States and a morning cup of coffee was most likely imported from Kenya, Colombia, Tanzania or Ecuador. Trade enriches our lives through greater choice and opens our minds to new ideas and cultures. 3It is a key engine
3、of economic growth. The prosperity trade brings people the opportunity to buy the things they value most: an education, access to health care, proper housing and food for their families. It is the job of the World Trade Organization to establish the rules and preserve and nurture this web of commerc
4、ial activity. But trade is not entirely a natural phenomenon. It depends on political will. 4When crisis set in during the 1930s, the knee-jerk reaction was economic nationalism. As one country raised its tariff barriers, so too did others in retaliation. Trade plummeted, unemployment became entrenc
5、hed, cooperation between nations broke down and guns, soldiers and tanks took over. The human and economic costs were catastrophic. In stark contrast, when the Asian economies experienced a financial crisis in the late 1990s, markets were kept open and sensible but tough economic policy and regulato
6、ry decisions were taken. 5Within a relatively short period of time, these countries were on the road to recovery and fears of worldwide recession were proven unfounded. Restoring international economic growth and stability through the promotion of trade was crucial to securing a lasting peace after
7、World War II. 6At first this was a provisional agreement between 23 countries called the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(the GATT). 7Its membership today includes 142 Members, each at its own level of economic development and with its own set of economic priorities. Since Seattle(November 199
8、9), seven countries joined the WTO Albania, Croatia, Georgia, Jordan, Lithuania, Moldova and Oman. With China poised to enter the organization, another 1.3 billion people will benefit from the rules-based trading system. Another 30 or so countries from the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia and Ukrain
9、e to Vietnam and Yemen are in the process of negotiating their accession to the WTO. 8. A. In 1995, the GATT became the WTO, a fully-fledged international organization with stronger and broader authority. B. Many of the goods we buy, the services we use and the foods we eat depend on foreign trade.
10、C. Others ride bicycles made in China with tires from Malaysia. D. This helped contain the crisis and it allowed the Asian nations to export their way out of difficulty. E. It binds people together in a dynamic and complex network of mutually beneficial commercial relations. F. Compare, for example,
11、 the starkly different policy responses to two of the most major economic and financial disasters of this century. G. It was this vision that led to the creation of the multilateral trading system in 1948. H. Even though the trading system has changed greatly over the years, the underlying goals of
12、the system embodied in the WTO have remained constant: to promote openness, fairness and predictability in international trade for the benefit of humanity.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Imagine a world without brands. 1No raucous advertising, no ugly billboards, an
13、d no McDonalds. Yet, given a chance and a bit of money, people flee this Eden. They seek out Budweiser instead of their local tipple, ditch nameless shirts for Gap, prefer Marlboros to homegrown smokes. What should one conclude? That people are pawns in the hands of giant companies with huge adverti
14、sing budgets and global reach? 2 The pawn theory is argued, forcefully if not always coherently, by Naomi Klein, author of “No Logo“, a book that has become a bible of the anti-globalization movement. Her thesis is that brands have come to represent “a fascist state where we all salute the logo and
15、have little opportunity for criticism because our newspapers, television stations, Internet servers, streets and retail spaces are all controlled by multinational corporate interests.“ 3produced cheaply in third-world sweatshops, branded goods displace local alternatives and force a grey cultural ho
16、mogeneity on the world. 4Outside the United States, they are now symbols of Americas corporate power, since most of the worlds best-known brands are American. Around them accrete all the worries about environmental damage, human-rights abuses and sweated labor that anti-globalists like to put on the
17、ir placards. No wonder brands seem bad. 5They began as a form not of exploitation, but of consumer protection. In pre-industrial days, people knew exactly what went into their meat pies and which butchers were trustworthy; once they moved to cities, they no longer did. A brand provided a guarantee o
18、f reliability and quality. Its owner had a powerful incentive to ensure that each pie was as good as the previous one, because that would persuade people to come back for more. Just as distance created a need for brands in the 19th century, so in the age of globalization and the Internet it reinforc
19、es their value. A book-buyer might not entrust a company based in Seattle with his credit-card number had experience not taught him to trust the Amazon brand; an American might not accept a bottle of French water were it not for the name of Evian. 6 Indeed, the dependence of successful brands on tru
20、st and consistent quality suggests that consumers need more of them. In poor countries, the arrival of foreign brands points to an increase in competition from which consumers gain. Anybody in Britain old enough to remember the hideous Wimpy, a travesty of a hamburger, must recall the arrival of McD
21、onalds with gratitude. Public services live in a No Logo world: attempts at government branding arouse derision. That is because brands have value only where consumers have choice, which rarely exists in public services. 7 Brands are the tools with which companies seek to build and retain customer l
22、oyalty. Because that often requires expensive advertising and good marketing, a strong brand can raise both prices and barriers to entry. But not to insuperable levels: brands fade as tastes change(Nescafe has fallen, while Starbucks has risen); the vagaries of fashion can rebuild a brand that once
23、seemed moribund(think of cars like the Mini or Beetle); and quality of service still counts(hence the rise of Amazon). 8 A. Brands have thus become stalking horses for international capitalism. B. Or that brands bring something that people think is better than what they had before? C. Yet this is a
24、wholly misleading account of the nature of brands. D. It existed once, and still exists, more or less, in the worlds poorest places. E. The absence of brands in the public sector reflects a world like that of the old Soviet Union, in which consumer choice has little role. F. Because consumer trust i
25、s the basis of all brand values, companies that own the brands have an immense incentive to work to retain that trust. G. The ubiquity and power of brand advertising curtails choice, she claims; H. Many brands have been around for more than a century, but the past two decades have seen many more dis
26、placed by new global names, such as Microsoft and Nokia.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good. 1And most likely he has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime
27、. You can not motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantage of a product in another languages; 2Thats a critical difference. No one likes foreigners who are arrogant about their own culture. Customers
28、are turned off by mono-cultural salespeople. 3Foreigners sense mono-cultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, effectively blocking any attempt by the mono-cultural person to motivate them. Multiculturalism is a requirement that has been neglected too often in hiring managers
29、 for international positions. 4Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you are in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee forging these relations? For 20 odd years, I have run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to fi
30、nd the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to specify the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. 5It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic abilities they see as crucial are not enough. But after some discussion
31、, we usually wind up specifying something like “the new manager must be accepted throughout Europe. 6If possible, he or she should also be able to communicated in more than one of the major European languages.“ Of course, it is far more difficult to determine candidates multiculturalism than it is t
32、o check their languages skills. 7To seek out this crucial quality, I ask a lot of questions about candidates early childhood, looking for evidence of contact with diverse cultures. And I probe for arrogance about their background and environment. I dont think for a moment that a proven American sale
33、sperson can be sent to Great Britain and be expected to sell there, since it is the same language. 8The ones who succeed are multicultural people with the rare ability to gain acceptance from British customer. A. Thus, he or she must be multicultural. B. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly mo
34、no-cultural without being aware of it. C. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the additional requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French. D. He enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world. E. But
35、it is also a far more important ingredient to success. F. And this neglect is affecting every industry. G In nine out of ten cases, he or she will fail. H. But a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BFT 阅读（综合）-试
36、卷 2 答案解析(总分：48.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：3，分数：48.00)Trade is central to human health, prosperity and social welfare. 1Examples of trade in daily life are so abundant they sometimes go unnoticed: people drive to work in a car made in Japan which runs on fuel imported from the Middle East. 2A compute
37、r might have come from India and may run on software from the United States and a morning cup of coffee was most likely imported from Kenya, Colombia, Tanzania or Ecuador. Trade enriches our lives through greater choice and opens our minds to new ideas and cultures. 3It is a key engine of economic g
38、rowth. The prosperity trade brings people the opportunity to buy the things they value most: an education, access to health care, proper housing and food for their families. It is the job of the World Trade Organization to establish the rules and preserve and nurture this web of commercial activity.
39、 But trade is not entirely a natural phenomenon. It depends on political will. 4When crisis set in during the 1930s, the knee-jerk reaction was economic nationalism. As one country raised its tariff barriers, so too did others in retaliation. Trade plummeted, unemployment became entrenched, cooperat
40、ion between nations broke down and guns, soldiers and tanks took over. The human and economic costs were catastrophic. In stark contrast, when the Asian economies experienced a financial crisis in the late 1990s, markets were kept open and sensible but tough economic policy and regulatory decisions
41、were taken. 5Within a relatively short period of time, these countries were on the road to recovery and fears of worldwide recession were proven unfounded. Restoring international economic growth and stability through the promotion of trade was crucial to securing a lasting peace after World War II.
42、 6At first this was a provisional agreement between 23 countries called the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(the GATT). 7Its membership today includes 142 Members, each at its own level of economic development and with its own set of economic priorities. Since Seattle(November 1999), seven cou
43、ntries joined the WTO Albania, Croatia, Georgia, Jordan, Lithuania, Moldova and Oman. With China poised to enter the organization, another 1.3 billion people will benefit from the rules-based trading system. Another 30 or so countries from the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia and Ukraine to Vietnam
44、and Yemen are in the process of negotiating their accession to the WTO. 8. A. In 1995, the GATT became the WTO, a fully-fledged international organization with stronger and broader authority. B. Many of the goods we buy, the services we use and the foods we eat depend on foreign trade. C. Others rid
45、e bicycles made in China with tires from Malaysia. D. This helped contain the crisis and it allowed the Asian nations to export their way out of difficulty. E. It binds people together in a dynamic and complex network of mutually beneficial commercial relations. F. Compare, for example, the starkly
46、different policy responses to two of the most major economic and financial disasters of this century. G. It was this vision that led to the creation of the multilateral trading system in 1948. H. Even though the trading system has changed greatly over the years, the underlying goals of the system em
47、bodied in the WTO have remained constant: to promote openness, fairness and predictability in international trade for the benefit of humanity.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：G）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：H）解析：解析：本段介绍了 WTO 的演变历
48、史和成员国；选项 H 说明了 WTO 的一贯宗旨，作为本文的总结，是合适的选项。Imagine a world without brands. 1No raucous advertising, no ugly billboards, and no McDonalds. Yet, given a chance and a bit of money, people flee this Eden. They seek out Budweiser instead of their local tipple, ditch nameless shirts for Gap, prefer Marlboros to homegrown smokes. What should
