1、大学四级-1878 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the college students creative thinking. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.Develop College Students Crea
2、tive Thinking Ability1当前不少大学生缺乏创新思维能力。2导致大学生缺乏创新思维的原因；应试教育、缺少发挥机会等等。3采取有效措施，鼓励大学生创新。（分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)(1).A. A cook. B. A waitress.C. A washwoman. D. A domestic helper.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Husband and wife. B. Teacher and student.C. They ar
3、e dating each other. D. Manager and his secretary.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She will have dinner with a client at 7 oclock.B. She will return to the office at 8 oclock.C. She will go home immediately after work.D. She will go home around 9 oclock.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. David doesnt plan to get away f
4、rom the biology project.B. David will get into trouble if he doesnt complete the project.C. David is not allowed to take his project work home.D. David cant finish his project this afternoon.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Bob lost it. B. Bob used it last night.C. Bob was the last to use it. D. Bob was blam
5、ed for the missing key.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Mark has done half of it already.B. Mark agrees that it is very long.C. They have a whole semester to do it.D. They are lucky to spend the weekend doing assignment together.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Being hungry. B. Cooking.C. Having a light lunch. D. Goi
6、ng to a restaurant.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She was cheated by a gas-meter reader.B. She was badly injured in an accident.C. She was robbed by a stranger.D. She was disappointed because the man she was expecting failed to come.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. His former classmate. B. His wife.C. His grandchil
7、d. D. A mailman.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They were colleagues. B. They were roommates in college.C. They were pen-pals. D. They were neighbors.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He comes from Florida.B. He feels lonely living by himself on the farm.C. He runs a farm.D. He is lucky to have a family.（分数：7.10）A.B.
8、C.D.(4).A. An invitation to a class reunion.B. An advertisement for a farm on sale.C. A phone bill.D. A shopping list including fresh eggs and fresh milk.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(1).A. To have her annual physical checkup.B. To find out how to maintain a nutritious diet.C. To get some medicine for her runni
9、ng nose.D. To seek advice on how to prevent illness.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She came down with flu throughout the winter.B. She gets ill despite adequate exercise and nutritious food.C. She often coughs and sneezes, unable to sleep well.D. She gets ill at the same time every year.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3
10、).A. She forgets to take her medicine regularly.B. She doesnt get enough rest.C. She was caught in a storm.D. She refuses to get a vaccine.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. To show the important role religion plays in medical treatments.B. To describe dif
11、ferent types of medicines.C. To argue for the importance of observation in medical treatments.D. To compare the effects of three different drugs.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Various herbs.B. Magic power.C. Religious faith.D. A healthy lifestyle.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It has a longer history than folk me
12、dicine.B. It was very successful in curing sicknesses in ancient times.C. It is especially effective for patients suffering depression or work pressure.D. It bases its treatments on observation and logic.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：28.40)(1).A. A professor. B. A tour guide.C. A painter.
13、D. An art dealer.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To analyze American Regionalism.B. To compare several artistic styles.C. To evaluate European influences on North American artists.D. To introduce the development of an artists work.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. His study of photography.B. His Work as a farmer.C. H
14、is travel to Europe.D. His background as a writer.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Churches.B. Farmhouses.C. Lakes.D. Young ladies.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：21.30)(1).A. The invention of words.B. The power of words.C. Literary stylesD. Human communication.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(2).A. In order to c
15、ommunicate with each other.B. In order to agree upon certain signs.C. In order to combine these sounds.D. In order to write these sounds down.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The inventor of words.B. A novelist.C. All great writers.D. The real poet.（分数：7.10）A.B.C.D.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The 20th century
16、 has seen the rise and decline of a succession of industries in the U.S. The auto industry has had to struggle to meet the (26) of foreign competition. But many new industries have appeared. Many of them are among what are known as high technology or “hi-tech“ industries because of their (27) the la
17、test developments in technology.Hi-tech industries tend to be (28) and thus to need fewer workers than traditional industries such as steel-making. As high hi-tech industries have grown and older industries have declined in recent years, the (29) of American workers employed in manufacturing has dec
18、lined. Service industries now (30) the economy. Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the (31) of meals in restaurants. It is said the United States has moved into a “post-industrial-era“.No single factor (32) the successes of American business and industry. Rich resources,
19、the (33) size of the country, and population trends have all contributed to these successes. Religious, social and political tradition, and the courage, hard work and (34) of countless workers have also played a part. The (35) and ample natural resources of the United States proved from the first to
20、 be a major advantage for national economic development.（分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)When you stop to think about it, criticism is a vital part of working life. Without (36) , how would y
21、ou ever discover what you were doing wrong and so earn how to put it right?Yet few managers know how to give criticism (37) and few employees know how to take it. Its only too easy to (38) a critical comment about a piece of work as a personal attack. This can make you (39) , angry and hurt. Worse y
22、ou may give the impression of being someone who cant take criticism, because people stop giving you opinions and you never get the chance to (40) your work.How should you (41) when your boss make a complaint about you? First, if you feel yourself tensing up, take a deep breath. This will, (42) , giv
23、e you a breathing space to take in whats being said. Your next step is to analyze what kind of criticism it is, then decide on the best way to respond:If it seems personal, try to see beyond the (43) and discover what is behind it. Start by agreeing in (44) with something your critic says, and offer
24、 willingness to talk about it later in details. If it seems (45) , dont let it knock your confidence. Be glad that your boss can approach you and takes what he says on board.A. offensiveB. constructivelyC. diagnoseD. misguidedE. defensiveF. principleG. intelligentlyH. reactI. feedbackJ. misinterpret
25、K. principalL. unfriendlinessM. improveN. justifiedO. literally（分数：35.50）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Dare to DreamA Dreams may affect our lives (and vice versa. more than we ever realized, says groundbreaking new research. Dream i
26、s a way for the subconscious to communicate with the conscious mind. Dreaming of something you are worried about, researchers say, is the brains way of helping you get prepared for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, for example giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can
27、 enhance your performance. And cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you are dreaming are linked to our ability to learn and remember.B Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,“ says Dr. Cartwright, chairman of the psychology dep
28、artment at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She has found that dreams help people work through the days emotional ups and downs. Its like having a built-in therapist. While we sleep, dreams compare new emotional experience to old memories. As she puts it, “you may wake up and think, what w
29、as Uncle Harry doing in my dream? I havent seen him for 50 years. But the old and new images are emotionally related.“ Its the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship.C In fact, dream emotions can help real therapists treat patients undergoing traumatic (创伤性) life events. In a new s
30、tudy of 30 recently divorced adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a 5-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. If their dreams were calm, t
31、hey hadnt started to work through their emotions and deal with the divorce. For therapists, this finding will help to determin whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.D No device lets researchers read the content of dreams while we sleep, but scienti
32、sts are finding new ways to interpret once we have awakened. Forget Sigmund Freuds notion that dreams contain images with universal meanings for all his undeniable authority in the field of dream interpretation. A new generation of psychologists insists that dream symbols differ depending on the dre
33、amer. In a recent study, Joseph Konick, a psychology professor at the University of Ottawa in Canada, asked 13 volunteers to make two lists: one of details recalled from recent dreams, and another of recent events in their waking lives. When analysts were asked to match which volunteer experienced w
34、hich dream, they failed. Konincks conclusion: Each person understands his or her dreams better than anyone elseincluding traditional psychoanalysts. “Theres just no evidence of universal dream symbols,“ says Koninck. “My advice is to throw away your dream dictionary if you really want to interpret y
35、our dreams. “E A century after the Freud era, scientists are only now decoding the biology of we manufacture dreams. At the sleep Research Program at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Dr. Nofzinger “looks into“ the brains of sleeping subjects using PET scans normally employed to detect ca
36、ncer and other diseases. By injecting subjects with a mildly radioactive substance, he has traced the source of the brain that controls emotions. During dreaming, the limbic system explodes like fireworks with neural (神经的) activity, filling our dreams with drama. “Thats why so many dreams are emotio
37、nal states,“ says Nofzinger, “where we are running from danger or facing an anxious situation. The part of the brain that controls dreams also manages our instincts, drives, sexual behavior and fight-or-flight response.“ Thats why dreams are often strange combinations of events and people.F For 11 y
38、ears, a 58-year-old anthropologist (人类学家) kept a journal of nearly 5000 dreams. By analyzing color patterns in the dreams, Arizona-based researcher Robert Hoss could accurately predict certain things about the mans emotional state. Hoss correctly identified two separate years when the man experience
39、d crises in his life. The anthropologist confirmed that in 1997 he had clashed with a colleague over a management issue, and in 2003 hed had a falling out with a friend that left deep emotional scars.G Today, psychologists are applying modern technology to probe the content of dreams. Hoss uses a co
40、mputer-based approach called content analysis to interpret the colors in dreams. More than 80 percent of people dream in color, he says, though only a quarter of them recall the shades the next morning. To collect data, he analyzed nearly 24,000 dreams, catalogued in two databases. His study suggest
41、ed that specific colors represent particular emotions. For example, red means action, excitement and desire; blue equals calmness and harmony; black hints fear, anxiety and intimidation. The clues are in the colors. Hoss has been trying to determine the emotional states of a dreamer based on his/her
42、 dream colors. But, as with symbols and action, one size doesnt fit all when it comes to interpretation. Using color is your brains way of painting dreams with your emotion, and different people have different ways of using color.H Psychologists have long known that people can solve their problems a
43、t work and home by “sleeping on it.“ The challenge has always been to train yourself to dream up the solutions. Dr. Barret, editor of the journal Dreaming, advises individuals to consider questions just before falling asleep (Should I take this job? Should I marry this guy?), and then let the subcon
44、scious provide the answers. “Ive known artists looking for inspiration who simply dream up a future show of their art and wake up with plenty of new painting ideas,“ says Barrett. “More and more people are learning these techniques to control their dreams.“I Some researchers believe you can guide yo
45、ur dreams while you are sleeping. In recent years, Stephen LaBerge, PhD, has pioneered a way of directing the sleeping mind through “lucid dreaming,“ in which a sleeping person realizes he / she is dreaming while it is happening. Lucid dreamers can experience fantasy adventureslike flying to the moo
46、n, traveling through time or making love on a beachwhile fully aware that they are dreaming. According to La Berge, lucid dreamers can use the experience for a variety of purposes: problem solving, developing creative ideas and healing. Patricia Keelin, a 55-year-old photographer has used lucid drea
47、ming for everything from talking to her long-dead father to feasting on sweets. “Chocolate always tastes better in lucid dreams since you dont have to worry about calories,“ she says “Lucid dreaming is great and exciting, because its free and available to everybody.“J Well, not entirely free. Althou
48、gh everyone has the potential to dream lucidly, it rarely happens routinely without special training. Instructional workshops are needed to help individuals participate in their dreams. If you have repeating nightmares that make it difficult to sleep, try to change the endings. Once you awaken from a bad dream, imagine a change in the action to create a more positive outcome. If you are trapped, try to f
