1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 401及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)High-performing and value-creating companies have learned how to tie together the principles of customer preference, producer economics and corporate finance so that they understand where and ho
2、w 1 operations and increased market share pay offand don“t pay offfor their business. In short, they have learned how to find strategic value and capture it by achieving an effective Strategic Market Position, or SMR When it comes to operating a successful business, conventional wisdom holds that bi
3、gger is better. However, 2 on being No. 1 or No. 2 in your marketwithout first having a very clear 3 of what definition of market share really drives profitability (收益性) can take some very interesting opportunities off the table. Organizations that 4 to recognize and act on their Strategic Market Po
4、sition may be at risk because their 5 of market share often does not correlate (相关) with company 6 , profitability and strategic growth potential. In addition to defining market share 7 , understanding different approaches to penetrating and growing market share in chosen segments is 8 . By deployin
5、g (利用) investments in carefully selected segments, where (among other things) they are potentially poorly served by the dominant players, companies can 9 themselves in their industries strategically and allocate (分配) more assets in fewer, carefully selected ways. As a result, these companies can 10
6、much higher market shares in their chosen segments. A. accurately I. fail B. achieve J. insisting C. boast K. position D. carefully L. returns E. critical M. successful F. criticism N. technical G. definition O. understanding H. expanded（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Exercise to Protect Aging
7、Bodies and BrainsA. We all know that exercise is good for human beings. Staying physically active helps keep your heart healthy and your muscles strong, and to cancer patients it has even been shown to ward off relapse (复发). Now a series of independently conducted studies on the effects of exercise
8、on healthy older adults, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, confirms that logging time at the gym not only helps maintain good health but may even prevent the attack of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, osteoarthritis (骨关节炎) and dementia (痴呆). B. In one surprising trial, research
9、ers led by Dr. Teresa Liu-Ambrose at the University of British Columbia randomly assigned 155 aging women to three separate groups and directly compared the cognitive effects of two types of exercise: resistance training, done once or twice weekly, in which participants worked out with free weights
10、and weight machines and did squats and lunges, versus toning and balance exercises, which participants did twice a week. By the end of the year-long study, the women who weight-trained saw an improvement in their performance on cognitive tests of memory and learning as well as in executive functions
11、 such as decision-making and conflict resolutionwomen who trained once a week improved their scores in executive functioning by 12.6%while those who did balance and toning exercises showed no such improvement. The muscle-strengthening exercise also helped the volunteers, aged 65 to 75, boost their w
12、alking speed, a commonly used indicator of overall health status in the elderly, as faster pace has been linked with lower mortality. C. The Canadian researchers“ findings were somewhat unexpected, given that previous studies on the issue have typically focused on aerobic (有氧的) exercise, which exper
13、ts believe enhances cognitive function by promoting blood flow to the brain. Liu-Ambrose says her team speculated that anaerobic (厌氧的) weight training would have a similar effect. A resistance-training regimen (疗法) requires a considerable amount of learning, especially for elderly people who may not
14、 be accustomed to the equipment. To learn how to use dumbbells, a leg press or a latissimus pull-down machine correctly, for example, the volunteers were required to focus on the task at hand, master new techniques and retain new information about proper and safe use of equipment. Previous studies h
15、ave shown that such learning can help older adults maintain mental acuity. D. The women also had to remember their weight settings and adjustments to the seats and keep track of the number of repetitions they completed, says Liu-Ambrose. “There is a lot more learning involved that may not occur if y
16、ou take up a walking program,“ she says, noting that it took the volunteers a good two months to get comfortable with the equipment and the training regimen. In addition, Liu-Ambrose says, other studies have found that people who weight-train show an increase in blood levels of a growth factor that
17、is important for maintaining skeletal mass. This factor, it turns out, also promotes nerve growth, which could be another way that resistance training boosts mental function. E. In a second brain-function study, published in the same journal, scientists in Germany found that increased physical activ
18、ity was associated with a lower incidence of dementia. In this study, researchers recruited 3,485 elderly residents in Bavaria and asked them about their physical activity. None of the participants had dementia at the start of the analysis, but after two years of follow-up, researchers found that th
19、ose who exercised at least three times a week were half as likely to have developed dementia, compared with the people who reported no physical activity. Based on his results, says lead author Dr. Thorleif Etgen, a professor of psychiatry and psychotherapy at Mnchen University, “It doesn“t make a bi
20、g difference if you have moderate or high physical activity. The important message is that you do any activity. And even if you start late in life, at 60 or 70, there is a benefit, for it“s never too late to start exercising.“ F. The key words are “moderate or high“, according to another study that
21、was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine. Dr. Qi Sun, a researcher at Harvard School of Public Health, analyzed 13,000 women participating in the Nurses“ Health Study and found that when it came to exercise, more was better. Compared with women who jogged for 20 minutes a week, those who j
22、ogged three hours a week or walked briskly for five hours a week were 76% more likely to age successfully, free of chronic illnesses such as cancer and heart disease, as well as mental and physical impairment. Sun“s group found that this benefit occurred across all weight divisions, meaning that eve
23、n among those who were overweight or obese, women who exercised improved their odds of aging without chronic disease. The effects may apply across different age groups as well; the women were at least 60 years old by the time they enrolled in the study, and while Sun was not able to determine how lo
24、ng they had been exercising prior to that, the results suggest that the health benefits are not limited to the young. G. That was the same message of the final exercise paper in the journal, by researchers at University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany. In this trial, a group of 246 elderly women we
25、re randomly assigned to an 18-month exercise regimen or wellness program. The women participating in the four-times-weekly exercise sessions, which involved aerobics and balance and muscle training, improved their bone mineral density by nearly 2%. The women in the wellness group, which focused on w
26、alking, muscle relaxation and breathing skills, had a 0.33% increase in bone mineral density over the same time period. H. Despite the positive evidence, however, not all researchers are ready to suggest that exercise is a surefire prescription against mental decline or chronic disease to healthy pe
27、ople. To make that claim, a large, longer-term, controlled trial would be needed, in which participants are randomly assigned to exercise or not, and are then followed for the development of chronic conditions such as cancer, heart disease or dementia. I. Still, says Dr. Marco Pahor, director of the
28、 Institute on Aging at the University of Florida and author of a commentary on the studies appearing in the journal, “If you pool all the evidence together, the benefits of exercise seem promising.“（分数：40.00）(1).Aerobic exercise raises people“s cognitive function by stimulating blood flow to the bra
29、in.（分数：4.00）(2).The studies in the Archives of Internal Medicine show that exercise keeps the healthy elderly from getting some chronic diseases.（分数：4.00）(3).Different types of exercise taken by elderly women have different effects on their bone mineral density.（分数：4.00）(4).The participants in Liu-A
30、mbrose“s research take the toning and balance exercises twice a week.（分数：4.00）(5).In Dr. Marco Pahor“s opinion, all provided evidence proves that exercise can bring promising benefits.（分数：4.00）(6).Doing physical activity, whether moderate or high, will benefit people of all ages.（分数：4.00）(7).Elderly
31、 people who learn to use the resistance-training equipments can keep their mind acute.（分数：4.00）(8).German scientists find out that doing more physical exercise could lower the risk of dementia.（分数：4.00）(9).Liu-Ambrose“s research shows that resistance training is good for promoting cognitive function
32、.（分数：4.00）(10).According to Qi Sun“s research, women who take more exercises have little chance to get some chronic diseases in their process of aging.（分数：4.00）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Acting is such an overcrowded (过度拥挤的) profession that the only advice that should be
33、given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is “Don“t!“. But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are small. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent
34、are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a theatrical company, usually as assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theater: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the clothes, and ev
35、en acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed, the hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chance of working with a better company, or perhaps in movies or television. Of course, some people have unusual chances, w
36、hich lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A movie producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his luxury car. He told the driver to stop, and
37、 he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the movie company to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was mad
38、e for her to go to the company the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part in a movie, which made her well-known overnight throughout the country. Of course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world
39、 famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!（分数：15.00）(1).Why are young people advised not to become actors?（分数：3.00）A.They will be assigned to do something they don“t like.B.The course at the drama school lasts too long.C.Acting is a kind of tedious work.D.Chances of becoming stars ar
40、e slim.(2).What does the author say about the assistant stage managers?（分数：3.00）A.Their major task is to play small parts in a movie.B.Most of them have a gift for acting.C.They are most likely to be famous stars.D.They work a long time but earn little.(3).What does the author refer to by saying tha
41、t “young actors with the stage in their blood are happy“?（分数：3.00）A.Young actors are happy only when they can act on the stage.B.Actors loving their career from heart can enjoy the hardship on the way to good chances.C.Only those who are naturally positive could bear the hardships of waiting to be f
42、amous.D.Young actors are easily satisfied with tiny salaries before becoming famous stars.(4).What makes Connie Pratt soon become a famous actress?（分数：3.00）A.She learned some lessons about acting.B.She once played her part in the “Blue Moon“.C.She worked as an assistant in a play company.D.She acted
43、 a leading part in a movie.(5).What does Connie Pratt“s example in the passage show?（分数：3.00）A.Being a successful actress/actor needs to have some related lessons.B.Beauty is essential to becoming a famous actress.C.Someone can get fame and success through unusual chances.D.It is easy for people to
44、meet a movie producer at the bus stop.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Mathematical ability and musical ability may not seem on the surface to be connected, but people who have researched the subject and studied the brain say that they are. Three quarters of the bright but speech-delayed children in the
45、 group I studied had a close relative who was an engineer, mathematician or scientist and four fifths had a close relative who played a musical instrument. The children themselves usually took readily to math and other analytical subjects and to music. Black, white and Asian children in this group s
46、how the same patterns. However, it is clear that blacks have been greatly overrepresented in the development of American popular music and greatly underrepresented in such fields as mathematics, science and engineering. If the abilities required in analytical fields and in music are so closely relat
47、ed, how can there be this great discrepancy? One reason is that the development of mathematical and other such abilities requires years of formal schooling, while certain musical talents can be developed with little or no formal training, as has happened with a number of well-known black musicians.
48、It is precisely in those kinds of music where one can acquire great skill without formal training that blacks have excelled in popular music rather than classical music, piano rather than violin, blues rather than opera. This is readily understandable, given that most blacks, for most of American hi
49、story, have not had either the money or the leisure for long years of formal study in music. Blacks have not merely held their own in American popular music. They have played a disproportionately large role in the development of jazz, both traditional and modem. A long string of names comes to mindLouis Armstrong, Charlie Parker. and so on. None of this indicates any special innate (先天的) ability of blacks in music. On the contrary, it is perfectly consistent with blacks having no more such inborn ability than anyone else, but being limited to being able to express such ability in narr
