1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 489 及答案解析(总分：126.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “All shall pass with time going by.“ You can cite examples to illustrate the meaning of letting go of past glory and suffering i
2、n life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：20.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Coca-Cola has always been more focused on its economic bottom line than on global warming, but when the company lost a profitable operating license in In
3、dia because of a serious water shortage there in 2004, things began to change. Today, after a decade of increasing damage to Coke“s balance sheet as global droughts dried up the water needed to produce its soda, the company has embraced the idea of climate change as an economically disruptive force.
4、 “Increased droughts, more unpredictable variability, 100-year floods every two years,“ said Jeffrey Seabright, Coke“s vice president for environment and water resources, listing the problems that he said were also disrupting the company“s supply of sugar cane and sugar beets (甜美). “When we look at
5、our most essential ingredients, we see those events as threats.“ Coke reflects a growing view among American business leaders and mainstream economists who see global warming as a force that contributes to lower GDP“s, higher food and commodity costs, broken supply chains and increased financial ris
6、k. Their position is at striking odds with the longstanding argument, advanced by the coal industry and others, that policies to curb carbon emissions are more economically harmful than the impacts of climate change. In Washington, the World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, has put climate change at th
7、e center of the bank“s mission, citing global warming as chief contributor to rising global poverty rates and falling GDP“s in developing nations. In Europe, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Paris- based club of 34 industrialized nations, has begun to warn of the steep
8、costs of increased carbon pollution. Nike, which has more than 700 factories in 49 countries, many in Southeast Asia, is also speaking out because of extreme weather that is disrupting its supply chain. In 2008, floods temporarily shut down four Nike factories in Thailand, and the company remains co
9、ncerned about rising droughts in regions that produce cotton, which the company uses in its athletic clothes. Both Nike and Coke are responding internally: Coke uses water-conservation technologies and Nike is using more synthetic material that is less dependent on weather conditions. At Davos and i
10、n global capitals, the companies are also lobbying governments to enact environmentally friendly policies.（分数：71.00）(1).Why did Coca-Cola lose the operating license in India in 2004?（分数：14.20）A.Its operating license was overdue.B.It only focused on its economic bottom line.C.India was lack of water
11、resources.D.It decided to fight against climate change.(2).What can be regarded as a threat according to Jeffrey Seabright?（分数：14.20）A.The loss of profitable operating licenses.B.Natural disaster harmful to supply of ingredients.C.Mainstream view towards global warming.D.Inadequate supply of sugar c
12、ane.(3).How does the coal industry feel about the policies to curb carbon emissions?（分数：14.20）A.They are helpful in helping the industry.B.They are effective in protecting the environment.C.They contribute to low productivity in the industry.D.They have a negative impact on economy.(4).What does Jim
13、 Yong Kim say about the climate change?（分数：14.20）A.It makes contribution to rising GDPs in developing countries.B.It is a dominate reason for the climbing global poverty rates.C.The World Bank has sent trade mission to deal with it.D.The cost of controlling it has been increased.(5).What actions doe
14、s Nike take to tackle the problem?（分数：14.20）A.Using more man-made materials.B.Reducing carbon emissions.C.Enacting environmentally friendly policies.D.Applying water-conservation technologies.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：15.00)What are feelings for? Most non-scientists will find it a strange question. Fee
15、lings .justify themselves. They need serve no other purpose in order to exist. On the other hand, many evolutionary biologists, in contrast to animal behaviorists, acknowledge some emotions are primarily for their survival function. For both animals and humans, fear motivates the avoidance of danger
16、, love is necessary to care for young, and anger prepares one to hold ground. But the fact that a behavior functions to serve survival need not mean that; that is why it is done. Other scientists have attributed the same behavior to conditioning, to learned responses. Certain reflexes and fixed acti
17、on patterns can occur without feelings or conscious thought. A gull chick pecks at a red spot above it. The parent has a red spot on its bill (喙); the chick pecks the parent“s bill. The gull parent feeds its chick when pecked on the bill. The baby gets fed. The interaction need have no emotional con
18、tent. At the same time, there is no reason why such actions cannot have emotional content. In mammalsincluding humansthat have given birth, milk is often released automatically when a new baby cries. This is not under voluntary control; it is reflex. Yet this does not mean that feeding a new baby is
19、 exclusively reflex and expresses no feeling like love. Humans have feelings about their behavior even if it is conditioned or reflexive. Yet since reflexes exist, and conditioned behavior is widespread, measurable, and observable, most scientists try to explain animal behavior using only these conc
20、epts. It is simpler. Preferring to explain behavior in ways that fit scientific methods most easily, scientists have refused to consider any causes for animal behavior other than reflexive and conditioned ones. Scientific orthodoxy (_正统观念) holds that what cannot be readily measured or tested cannot
21、exist, or is unworthy of serious attention. But emotional explanations for animal behavior need not be impossibly complex or unstable. They are just more difficult for the scientific method to verify in the usual ways, cleverer and more sophisticated approaches are called for. Most branches of scien
22、ce are more willing to make successive approximations (近似值) to what may prove ultimately unknowable, rather than ignoring it altogether.（分数：15.00）(1).What do many evolutionary biologists believe?（分数：3.00）A.Some emotions do not exist.B.Emotions are helpful for people“s survival.C.Emotions give meanin
23、g and depth to life.D.Only humans have emotions.(2).What can we learn from the example of a gull chick pecking the parent“s bill?（分数：3.00）A.Behaviors can be learned and have no emotional content.B.It is the innate characteristic for adults to look after the young.C.It takes time for animals to be co
24、nditioned.D.Emotions are very important to survival.(3).Why does the author think most scientists explain animal behavior in terms of reflexes and conditioning?（分数：3.00）A.They are the most essential factors for animals to surviveB.They are important for animals to develop learned and emotional behav
25、iorsC.They are convenient for scientists to explain animals“ behaviorD.They will lead to a better understanding of animal emotions(4).What should scientists do to study animal emotions?（分数：3.00）A.They should set up improved and refined skillful experiments.B.They should analyze human emotions.C.They
26、 should distinguish what is emotional and what is conditioned.D.They should learn from animal behaviorists.(5).What is the author“s main purpose of writing this passage?（分数：3.00）A.To make the point that emotions are worth our attention.B.To explain what reflexive behavior is.C.To compare human emoti
27、ons with animal emotions.D.To discuss the importance of emotions.六、Part Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.中国政府承诺在中国普及“全民教育”。我们始终把教育放在优先发展的战略地位，同时积极推进九年义务教育，并在 青壮年 (young adults)中扫除文盲。经 过十年的努力，中国已经成为世界上为数很少的同时实现了文盲人口减半和贫困人口减半的发展中国家之一。中国在全民教育领域取得的成就举世瞩目，得到了国际社会的肯定，得到了联合国教科文组织的赞许。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语四级分类模拟题 489
28、 答案解析(总分：126.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “All shall pass with time going by.“ You can cite examples to illustrate the meaning of letting go of past glory and suffering in life. You shou
29、ld write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：高分范文 All Shall PassAs the famous saying goes, “All shall pass with time going by.“ Simple as the saying is, its meaning is profound and thought-provoking, which is meant to tell us that with the passage of time, everything
30、in life including glory and suffering will go out of existence. Even if one may be haunted by the pain of bygones now and then, he or she should bear this saying in mind so as to have the strength to rise above hardships. Life is not a plain sailing, but a path full of roses and thorns. We ought to
31、accept both of them, for they are a natural part of lives. Realizing the fact that achievements or setbacks will fade away with time eventually will not only help us rebuild confidence but also motivate us to keep forging ahead in the future. Only in this way can we overcome difficulties, make progr
32、ess and enjoy our lives to the fullest.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Coca-Cola has always been more focused on its economic bottom line than on global warming, but when the company lost a profitable operating license in India because of a serious water shortage ther
33、e in 2004, things began to change. Today, after a decade of increasing damage to Coke“s balance sheet as global droughts dried up the water needed to produce its soda, the company has embraced the idea of climate change as an economically disruptive force. “Increased droughts, more unpredictable var
34、iability, 100-year floods every two years,“ said Jeffrey Seabright, Coke“s vice president for environment and water resources, listing the problems that he said were also disrupting the company“s supply of sugar cane and sugar beets (甜美). “When we look at our most essential ingredients, we see those
35、 events as threats.“ Coke reflects a growing view among American business leaders and mainstream economists who see global warming as a force that contributes to lower GDP“s, higher food and commodity costs, broken supply chains and increased financial risk. Their position is at striking odds with t
36、he longstanding argument, advanced by the coal industry and others, that policies to curb carbon emissions are more economically harmful than the impacts of climate change. In Washington, the World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, has put climate change at the center of the bank“s mission, citing globa
37、l warming as chief contributor to rising global poverty rates and falling GDP“s in developing nations. In Europe, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Paris- based club of 34 industrialized nations, has begun to warn of the steep costs of increased carbon pollution. Nike, w
38、hich has more than 700 factories in 49 countries, many in Southeast Asia, is also speaking out because of extreme weather that is disrupting its supply chain. In 2008, floods temporarily shut down four Nike factories in Thailand, and the company remains concerned about rising droughts in regions tha
39、t produce cotton, which the company uses in its athletic clothes. Both Nike and Coke are responding internally: Coke uses water-conservation technologies and Nike is using more synthetic material that is less dependent on weather conditions. At Davos and in global capitals, the companies are also lo
40、bbying governments to enact environmentally friendly policies.（分数：71.00）(1).Why did Coca-Cola lose the operating license in India in 2004?（分数：14.20）A.Its operating license was overdue.B.It only focused on its economic bottom line.C.India was lack of water resources. D.It decided to fight against cli
41、mate change.解析：解析 根据题干中的 Coca-Cola 及 operating license 定位至第 1 段第 1 句。 本题询问可口可乐公司失去在印度的营业执照的原因。题干所问与第 1 句中 when the company lostin India 一致，故该句 because of 后的内容即为本题答案。C 中的 lack of water resources“缺乏水资源”与原文中的 serious water shortage“严重的水资源短缺”意思一致，故为答案。 A“它的营业执照过期了”，文中并没有提到相关内容，排除；B“该公司只关注其经济效益”属于答非所问，该内
42、容的确在文章的首句提到，但与可口可乐失去营业执照的原因无关，也排除；D“该公司决定对抗气候变化”为因果颠倒，可口可乐开始关注环境是失去印度营业执照的结果，而非其原因。(2).What can be regarded as a threat according to Jeffrey Seabright?（分数：14.20）A.The loss of profitable operating licenses.B.Natural disaster harmful to supply of ingredients. C.Mainstream view towards global warming.D
43、.Inadequate supply of sugar cane.解析：解析 根据题干中的 threat 及 Jeffrey Seabright 定位至第 2 段。 该段末提到 Jeffrey Seabright 将 those events 看作是 threats，而根据上文内容可知，those events指代那些会影响可口可乐公司供应链的环境问题(problems that were also disrupting the company“s supply of)，故 B“危害原料供应的自然灾害”为正确答案。 A“失去回报率高的营业执照”在第 1 段中提到，C“对全球变暖的主流观点”在第
44、 3 段有提到，但这两者与 Jeffrey Seabright 所提到的 threats 无关，故均排除；原文中的 those events 指的是气候问题，而非具体的某种原料的不足，D 所说的“甜菜的供应不足”不准确。(3).How does the coal industry feel about the policies to curb carbon emissions?（分数：14.20）A.They are helpful in helping the industry.B.They are effective in protecting the environment.C.They
45、 contribute to low productivity in the industry.D.They have a negative impact on economy. 解析：解析 根据题干中的 coal industry 定位至第 3 段最后一句。 该句提到煤炭及其他行业的观点与主流的观点截然相反(at striking odds with)，这些行业认为遏制碳排放的政策本身对经济造成的伤害更甚于气候变化，由此可推断出“遏制碳排放的政策对经济有负面影响”，故 D 为答案。 煤碳行业对遏制碳排放的政策持负面态度，A“它们对该行业有帮助”含有表褒义的 helpful 一词，与原文的感情
46、色彩相反，故可排除；B“它们有效地保护了环境”和 C“它们造成了该行业的低产”为原文没有提到的信息，均排除。(4).What does Jim Yong Kim say about the climate change?（分数：14.20）A.It makes contribution to rising GDPs in developing countries.B.It is a dominate reason for the climbing global poverty rates. C.The World Bank has sent trade mission to deal with
47、 it.D.The cost of controlling it has been increased.解析：解析 根据题干中的 Jim Yong Kim 可定位至第 4 段第 1 句。 由该句 citing 后的内容可知，世行行长 Jim Yong Kim 把全球变暖看作是导致全球贫困率上升及发展中国家 GDP 下降的首要因素，B 所述与前者相符，故为本题答案。 A“它促使发展中国家的 GDP 上升”与原文所述相反，原文说的是造成发展中国家 GDP 下降，而非上升；C“世界银行已派出贸易团去应对”曲解了原文 mission 的含义，原文说的是把应对全球变暖作为主要“使命”，而非派出“使团”，
48、故 C 也排除；D“控制全球变暖的成本上升了”在第 4 段最后一句有提到，但这是经合组织的看法，与题干所问无关。(5).What actions does Nike take to tackle the problem?（分数：14.20）A.Using more man-made materials. B.Reducing carbon emissions.C.Enacting environmentally friendly policies.D.Applying water-conservation technologies.解析：解析 根据题干中的 Nike 可定位到最后一段。 文中最
49、后两段均提到 Nike，其中最后一段提到该公司应对环境问题所采取的措施。该段第 1 句末提到，Nike 更多地使用人工合成的材料(synthetic material)，A 中的 man-made 与 synthetic 意思相近，故 A为本题答案。 B“减少碳排放”没有原文根据；C“制定更环保的政策”在最后一句有提到，但这是这类企业游说政府去做的事，而非它们自身要做的事，故 C 不对；D“使用节水技术”是可口可乐公司采取的措施，故也可排除。五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：15.00)What are feelings for? Most non-scientists will f
