1、大学英语四级真题 2012年 12月及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：142.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive d
2、one it hundreds of times.“ You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will _ （分数：142.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：71.20)Why Integrity Matters What Is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistencynot only setting high personal standards for
3、 oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making lifes hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed
4、, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who
5、can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn
6、from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we cant see the risks were taking, we cant make responsible
7、 choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesnt know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and c
8、ite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional“ does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. “But Everybody Does It“ Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to fool themselves about the risks theyre taking by using excuses:
9、“Everyone else does it,“ “Im not hurting anyone,“ or “I really need this grade.“ Excuses can get very elaborate: “I know Im looking at anothers exam, but thats not cheating because Im just checking my answers, not copying.“ We must be honest about our actions and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves
10、into believing were not doing anything wrong, we cant see the real choice were makingand that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. If youd rather
11、 hide your actions, thats an indication that youre taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Tho
12、se who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits and simply havent considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious and may include a “0“ on a test or assignment, an “F“ in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputat
13、ion. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life and give others the power to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable (脆弱的) position. There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justify such a risk,
14、 but there arent many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With ItOr Not Those who dont get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesnt learn from the test, which deprives (剥夺) him/her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence; the cheater is a fraud, and know
15、s that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self- respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesnt get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but als
16、o because it seems “easier.“ This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions “dont count“ an
17、d dont really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative (累积的) effect. Cheating can spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating “poisons“
18、 the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. (“If I dont cheat, I cant compete with those who do.“ ) Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, “Im not interested in what youre trying to teach; all I
19、 care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others.“ The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the no
20、rm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others. If not, we couldnt put money in the bank, buy food, clothing or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentistthe list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is ca
21、used when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such i
22、ncidents take a tremendous toll on our nations economy and our individual well- being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society
23、. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live. （分数：71.20）(1).A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also -|_|-. （分数：7.12）A.sticks to them in their daily lifeB.makes them known to othe
24、rsC.understands their true valuesD.sees that others also follow them(2). What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? （分数：7.12）A.It helps to create team spiritB.It facilitates communication.C.It is the basis of mutual trust.D.It inspires mutual respect.(3). Why must we l
25、earn to identify the risks we are going to take? （分数：7.12）A.To ensure we make responsible choices.B.To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C.So that we dont break any rules.D.So that we dont run into trouble.(4).Violation of a rule is misconduct even if -|_|-. （分数：7.12）A.it has caused no harmB.it is c
26、laimed to be unintentionalC.it has gone unnoticedD.it is committed with good intentions(5). What should one do if he doesnt wish to fool himself?. （分数：7.12）A.Avoid making excuses.B.Listen to other peoples advice.C.Make his intensions public.D.Have others watch over his shoulder.(6).Those who take ri
27、sks they regret later on -|_|-. （分数：7.12）A.will often become more cautiousB.are usually very aggressiveC.value immediate benefits mostD.may lose everything in the end(7). According to the author, a cheater who doesnt get caught right away will -|_|-. （分数：7.12）A.pay more dearlyB.become more confident
28、C.be widely admiredD.feel somewhat lucky(8). Cheaters at exam dont care about their education; all they care about is how to 1.（分数：7.12）填空项 1:_(9). Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on peoples 1.（分数：7.12）填空项 1:_(10). Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political le
29、aders as a result of 1.（分数：7.12）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：2，分数：56.96)A.Read the notice on the windowB.Go and ask the staff.C.Get a new bus scheduleD.Board the bus to Cleveland.A.He was looking forward to seeing the giraffes.B.He enjoyed watching the animal performance.C.He got home too late to
30、 see the TV special.D.He tell asleep in the middle of the TV program.A.She wants to take the most direct wayB.She may be late for the football game.C.She is worried about missing her flight.D.She is currently caught in a traffic jam.A.At a restaurant.B.At a clinic.C.In a fish shop.D.On a fishing boa
31、t.A.He is an experienced sales manager.B.He is being interviewed for a jobC.He is a close friend of the woman.D.He is good at answering tricky questions.A.The man should consider his privacy first.B.The man will choose a low-rent apartment.C.The man is not certain if he can find a quieter place.D.Th
32、e man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.A.The woman is going to make her topic more focused.B.The man and woman are working on a joint project.C.One should choose a broad topic for a research paper.D.It took a lot of time to get the man on the right trackA.They went camping this time last yea
33、r.B.They didnt quite enjoy their last picnic.C.They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions.D.They werent experienced in organizing picnics.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：49.84)Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.48）A.He likes Sweden better than EnglandB.He prefers
34、hot weather to cold weather.C.He is an Englishman living in Sweden.D.He visits London nearly every winter.A.The bad weatherB.The gloomy winter.C.The cold houses.D.The long night.A.Delightful.B.Painful.C.Depressing.D.Refreshing.A.They often stay up late reading.B.They work hard and play hard.C.They l
35、ike to go camping in summer.D.They try to earn more and spend more.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.36）A.English literature.B.ManagementC.French.D.Public Administration.A.English teaching.B.Staff training.C.Careers guidance.D.Psychological counselling.A.Its
36、 generous scholarships.B.Its worldwide fame.C.Its well-designed courses.D.Its pleasant environment.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：71.20)Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.36）A.Characteristics of Japanese artists.B.Some features of Japanese culture.C.The art of
37、Japanese brush painting.D.The uniqueness of Japanese art.A.To calm themselves down.B.To enhance concentration.C.To show their impatience.D.To signal lack of interest.A.How listeners in different cultures show respect.B.How speakers can win approval from the audience.C.How speakers can misunderstand
38、the audience.D.How different Western and Eastern art forms are.Passage Two Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.48）A.Directing personnel evaluationB.Buying and maintaining equipmentC.Drawing up plans for in-service training.D.Interviewing and recruiting employees.A
39、.Some of his equipment was damaged in a fire.B.The training program he ran was a failure.C.Two of his workers were injured at work.D.Two of his employees committed theft.A.A better relationship with his boss.B.Advancement to a higher position.C.A better-paying job in another company.D.Improvement in
40、 the companys management.A.She has more self-confidence than Chris.B.She works with Chris in the same division.C.She has more management experience than Chris.D.She is competing with Chris for the new job.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.36）A.They
41、 help us see the important values of a culture.B.They guide us in handling human relationships.C.They help us express ourselves more effectively.D.They are an infinite source of human knowledge.A.Their wording may become different.B.The values they reflect may changeC.Their origins can no longer be
42、traced.D.They may be misinterpreted occasionally.A.Certain values are shared by a large number of cultures.B.Some proverbs are assuming more and more importance.C.Old proverbs are constantly replaced by new ones.D.Certain values have always been central to a culture.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.20)Our li
43、ves are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own (36) 1, I no longer imagine I can get through a (37) 2day, much less all my life, (38) 3on my own. Even if I am on (39) 4in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else
44、 has (40) 5from cloth woven by others, using (41) 6someone else is distributing to my house. (42) 7of interdependence is everywhere. We are on this (43) 8together. As I was growing up, (44) 9. “Make your own way“, “Stand on your own two feet“, or my mothers favorite remark when I was face-to-face wi
45、th consequences of some action: “Now that youve made your bed, lie on it!“ Total independence is a dominant theme in our culture. I imagine that (45) 10. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural images, and instead I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally “independent“ and consequent
46、ly became very reluctant to ask for help. (46) 11. （分数：71.20）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：35.60)With the worlds population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are alr
47、eady dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underlying all this (47) will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years. Finding the resources to meet this demand in a (48) , sustainable way
48、is the cornerstone (基石) of our nations energy security, and will be one of the major (49) of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energybio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a feware (50) being funded and developed, and will play a growing (51) in the worlds energy supply. But experts say that even when (52) , alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the worlds energy needs by 2050. For example, even with (53) investme
