1、公共英语(五级)8 及答案解析(总分：7.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Perhaps there are far 【B1】 wives than I imagine who take it for 【B2】 that housework is neither satisfying nor even important once the basic demands of hygiene and feeding have been 【B3】 But home and family is the one realm in 【B
2、4】 it is really difficult to shake free of ones upbringing and 【B5】 new values. My parents house was impeccably kept; cleanliness was a moral and social virtue, and personal untidiness, visibly old clothes, or long male hair provoked biting jocularity. If that 【B6】 been all, maybe I could have adapt
3、ed myself 【B7】 housework on an easy-going, utilitarian basis, refusing the moral overtones 【B8】 still believing in it as something constructive 【B9】 it is part of creating a home. But at the same time my mother 【B10】 to resent doing it, called it drudgery, and convinced me that it wasnt a fit activi
4、ty for an intelligent being. I was the only child, and once I was at school there was no 【B11】 why she should have continued 【B12】 her will to remain housebound, unless, as I suspect, my father would not hear of her having a job of her own. I can now begin to 【B13】 why a woman in a small suburban ho
5、use, with no infants to look after, who does not 【B14】 reading because she has not had much of an education, and who is intelligent 【B15】 to find neighborly chit-chat boring, should carry the pursuit of microscopic specks of dust to the 【B16】 of fanaticism in an 【B17】 to fill hours and salvage her s
6、elf-respect. My parents had not even the status-seeking impetus to send me to university that Joes had; my mother 【B18】 me to be “a nice quiet person who wouldnt be 【B19】 in a crowd“ , and it was feared that university education 【B20】 in ingratitude (independence). （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
7、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Section III Reading(总题数：3，分数：3.00)Managers spend a great deal of their time in meetings. According to Henry Mintzberg, in his book, The Nature of Managerial Work, managers in large or
8、ganizations spend only 22% of their time on meetings. So what are the managers doing in those meetings? There have conventionally been two answers. The first is the academic version: Managers are coordinating and controlling, making decisions, solving problems and planning. This interpretation has b
9、een largely discredited because it ignores the social and political forces at work in meetings. The second version claims that meetings provide little more than strategic sites for corporate gladiators to perform before the organizational emperors. This perspective is far more attractive, and has gi
10、ven rise to a large, and often humorous, body of literature on gamesmanship and posturing in meetings. It is, of course, true that meeting rooms serve as shop windows for managerial talent, but this is far from the truth as a whole. The suggestion that meetings are actually battle grounds is mislead
11、ing since the raison detre of meetings has far more to do with comfort than conflict. Meetings are actually vital props, both for the participants and the organization as a whole. For the organization, meetings represent recording devices. The minutes of meetings catalogue the change of the organiza
12、tion, at all levels, in a more systematic way than do the assorted memos and directives which are scattered about the company. They enshrine the minutes of corporate history, they itemize proposed actions and outcomes in a way which makes one look like the natural culmination of the other. The whole
13、 tenor of the minutes is one of total premeditation and implied continuity. They are a sanitized version of reality which suggests a reassuring level of control over events. What is more, the minutes record the debating of certain issues in an official and democratic forum, so that those not involve
14、d in the process can be assured that the decision was not taken lightly. As Dong Bennett, an administrative and financial manager with Allied Breweries, explains: “Time and effort are seen to have been invested in scrutinizing a certain course of action. “ Key individuals are also seen to have put t
15、heir names behind that particular course of action. The decision can therefore proceed with the full weight of the organization behind it, even if it actually went through “on the nod“. At the same time, the burden of responsibility is spread, so that no individual takes the blame. Thus, the public
16、nature of formal meetings confers a degree of legitimacy on what happens in them. Having a view pass unchallenged at a meeting can be taken to indicate consensus. However, meetings also serve as an alibi for action, as demonstrated by one manager who explained to his subordinates: “ I did what I cou
17、ld to prevent it I had our objections minutes in two meetings. “ The proof of conspicuous effort was there in black and white. By merely attending meetings, managers buttress their status, while non-attendance can carry with it a certain stigma. Whether individual managers intend to make a contribut
18、ion or not, it is satisfying to be considered one of those whose views matter. Ostracism, for senior managers, is not being invited to meetings. As one cynic observed, meetings are comfortingly tangible: “ Who on the shop floor really believes that managers are working when they tour the works? But
19、assemble them behind closed doors and call it a meeting and everyone will take it for granted that they are hard at work. “ Managers are being seen to earn their corn. Meetings provide managers with another form of comfort too that of formality. Meetings follow a fixed format: Exchanges are ritualiz
20、ed, the participants are probably known in advance, there is often a written agenda, and there is a chance to prepare. Little wonder then, that they come as welcome relief from the upheaval and uncertainty of life outside the meeting room. Managers can draw further comfort from the realization that
21、their peers are every bit as bemused and fallible as themselves. Meetings provide constant reminders that they share the same problems, preoccupations and anxieties, that they are all in the same boat. And for those who may be slightly adrift, meetings are ideal occasions for gently pulling them rou
22、nd. As Steve Styles, the process control manager (life services) at Legal and whether we know anything of him or not we are apt to think of a literary man as a delicate, weak, nervous sort of person. Nothing can be further from that than the muscular statue. And in this matter the statue is perfectl
23、y right. And the fact which it reports is far from being unimportant. “The body and the mind are inextricably interwoven“ in all of us, and certainly on Johnsons case the influence of the body was obvious and conspicuous. His melancholy, his constantly repeated conviction of the general unhappiness
24、of human life, was certainly the result of his constitutional infirmities. On the other hand, his courage, and his entire indifference to pain, were partly due to his great bodily strength. Perhaps the vein of rudeness, almost of fierceness, which sometimes showed itself in his conversation, was the
25、 natural temper of an invalid and suffering giant. That at any rate is what he was. He was the victim from childhood of a disease which resembled St Vituss Dance. He never knew the natural joy of a free and vigorous use of his limbs; when he walked it was like the struggling walk of one in irons. Al
26、l accounts agree that his strange gesticulations and contortations were painful for his friends to witness and attracted crowds of starers in the streets. But Reynolds says that he could sit still for his portrait to be taken, and that when his mind was engaged by a conversation the convulsions ceas
27、ed. In any case, it is certain that neither this perpetual misery, nor his constant fear of losing his reason, nor his many grave attacks of illness, ever induced him to surrender the privileges that belonged to his physical strength. He justly thought no character so disagreeable as that of a chron
28、ic invalid, and was determined not to be one himself. He had known what it was to live on four pence a day and scorned the life of sofa cushions and tea into which well-attended old gentlemen so easily slip.（分数：1.00）(1).We understand from the passage that most 18th-century sculpture was_.（分数：0.20）A.
29、done by a man called BaconB.not very well madeC.loosely drapedD.left bare(2).“The body and the mind are inextricably interwoven“ means they_.（分数：0.20）A.have little effect on each otherB.are confused by all of usC.interact with each otherD.are mixed up in all of us(3).The author says Johnson found it
30、 very difficult to walk because_.（分数：0.20）A.he couldnt control his legsB.he generally wore irons round his legsC.people always stared at himD.it hurt his friends to watch him(4).Because Johnson was very strong physically he could_.（分数：0.20）A.expect to become insaneB.endure a lot of painC.claim certa
31、in benefitsD.experience great unhappiness(5).According to the passage, Johnson had_.（分数：0.20）A.never had enough money to live onB.managed to live on tea onlyC.lived frugally in the pastD.always lived in easy circumstances三、Part B Directions: I(总题数：1，分数：1.00)The place seemed as unlikely as the coming
32、 together of the two principals. In June 1995, Princess Diana went to visit Mother Teresa in New York Citys South Bronx, where the founder of the Missionaries of Charity was recovering from an illness at one of her orders residences. 66. ( ) So they met and chatted about the work they loved, for no
33、more than an hour. Diana helped Mother Teresa rise from her wheelchair, and the two of them emerged from a private conversation holding hands, to be greeted by squealing children in a crowd. Diana, in a cream-colored linen suit, stood over her companion. 67. ( ) Now they are dead, within a week, and
34、 one wonders how to grasp what has been lost. In a way, their deaths are the ending to two stories. 68. ( ) When she was killed, her story was curtailed, and the silence that followed was overwhelming. One reason that masses stood in lines all over the world is that they knew a story they yearned to
35、 hear, and thought would go on, was over. Mother Teresas story was more of process and had fewer elements with which the audience could easily identify. For most of the years of her life, no cameras followed her when she bent down in the wretched streets of Calcutta to take dying people in her arms
36、or when she touched the open wounds of the poor, the discarded and alone. When the Nobel Committee blasted her with fame, she had already written most of the tale of her life, which was without much plot, was propelled by a main character who never changed direction, yet had a great theme. The end o
37、f Mother Teresas story is not the end of her orders work, which is one reason (her age is another) that her death makes one sad without shock. The two women were united by an impulse toward charity, and charity is tricky way to live. A nun I know in Brooklyn, Sister Mary Paul, who has worked with th
38、e down-and-nearly-out all her life, once told me, “ People in the helping professions are curious. I think they may feel something is missing in their lives. There can be a lot of ego, a lot of indirect fulfillment. One wants to see oneself as a good and giving person. There is nothing wrong in that
39、, but it cant be the goal. The ultimate goal must be a change in the system in which both the giver and taker live. “ 69. ( ) The idea behind such thinking is that life is a journey and one catches others on the way. Mother Teresa must have felt this. Within whatever controversies arose about her wo
40、rk, the central gesture of her life was to bend toward the suffering and recall them to the world of Gods province. The people she inclined toward had been chewed by rats and had maggots in their skin. 70. ( ) The public mourning for Diana has so outrun the importance of the event that it has taken
41、on the cast of an international grieving unrelated to any particular cause. It is as if the world has felt the need to be moved, to feel sympathy itself, and if that feeling of sympathy is fleeting, it will still have brought a general catharsis. Perhaps this is counterfeit emotion, aroused by telev
42、ision, and fueled and sustained by itself. That would not be true of the emotion shown at the death of Mother Teresa, who will draw fewer mourners to her funeral but more in the long run of history. A. She doesnt like the word charity except in the sense of caritas, love. “Love,“ she said, “ is not
43、based on marking people up by assets and virtues. Love is based on the mystery of the person, who is immeasurable and is going somewhere I will never know. “ B. That is why the princess came to meet the nun, to pay her respect to the woman whose devotion to the poor and dying she was beginning to ab
44、sorb. Surrounding the worlds two most recognizable women were the dusty tenements and deserted cars of the not yet revived area. The Saint of the Gutters was in her element, which more recently had become Dianas too. C. Princess Dianas was the less significant but the more enthralling, a royal soap
45、opera played by real people suffering real pain. D. All she wanted for them was the dignity of being human. E. Like Mother Teresa, the princess addressed to the children she came across, and nurseries, kindergartens and schools were the places where she was most frequently spotted. F. They were affe
46、ctionate to each other. Mother Teresa clasped her palms together in the Indian namaste, signifying both hello and farewell. The princess got into her silver car. And that was that. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.四、Part C Directions: A(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Saturn For beauty and interes
47、t alike, there are few objects in the starry heavens to compare with Saturn. This magnificent planet, with the system of rings that encircles it, provides an unforgettable spectacle when it is viewed through a powerful telescope. The Saturnian system includes not only the planet and its rings, but a
48、lso 11 or more satellites, or moons. To the ancients Saturn appeared to be the most insignificant of the heavenly bodies that were supposed to circle the Earth (the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) , as distinguished from the fixed stars. The glorious rings that surround the planet were invisible before the invention of the telescope in the first decade of the seventeenth century. Otherwise this magnificent crown might have saved Saturn from the sini
