1、专业八级-861 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Statistic. The defendant is guilty or not?Expert: 1) A DNA sample (1)_defendants. (1) _2) The possibility of odds is one in million.Defense lawyer:Counter the fact that if in a city of three million peo
2、ple, there are (2)_ (2) _matching each other s DNA. Unjust discrimination?1) Universities add additional points to minority group students.They unlawfully make an easier (3)_for those students. (3) _2) Annie was kept from (4)_. Her lawyer used statistics to show (4) _that workers, who were not in (5
3、)_group, with the same (5) _qualifications were promoted.3) Tobacco companies won the cases because of the (6)_. (6) _Warning: statistics should be (7)_along with other evidence. (7) _. Statistics in calculation:1) (8)_analysis: e.g. Bert could no longer work. Statisticians (8) _predict how long he
4、could work and how long he could have made.2) Multiple regression analysis: Statistician finds the “best fit“for all the sample data when multiple independent (9)_are at work. (9) _. Statistics on the witness stand:experts know how to make statistics (10)_ (10) _cross examine and challenge the valid
5、ity of statistics（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).From which place did they start their sightseeing?（分数：1.00）A.Houses of Parliament and Big Ben.B.The south bank of the Thames.C.Lambeth Bridge.D.Westminster Abbey.(2).Where d
6、oes the Horatio Nelson the naval captain who defeated Napoleon at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and so stopped him from invading England stand?（分数：1.00）A.St. Jamess Park.B.Whitehall.C.Downing Street.D.Trafalgar Squar(3).According to the conversation when are all the big shops closed?（分数：1.00）A.On
7、 weekend.B.On Sunday.C.On workday.D.On Saturday.(4).From the conversation we can know where is the Chinese Embassy?（分数：1.00）A.At Marble Arch.B.Near Hyde Park.C.In Portland place.D.At Mayfair.(5).From the conversation what can we deduce?（分数：1.00）A.Robinson is an English.B.Li is very familiar with Lon
8、don.C.It is the Lis first look at London.D.It is the Robinsons first look at London.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).What do you know
9、 about the attack?（分数：1.00）A.It killed 60 Iraqi Shias.B.It happened 14 miles from the capital.C.No one claimed the responsibility.D.Even Iraqis felt terribl(2).Three British soldiers were killed in_.（分数：1.00）A.the tanker attackB.a fighting happened in a Shia cityC.a blast happened in al-AmarahD.the
10、battle with Shia gunmernQuestions 8 and 9 are based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Charles Simonyi made his fortune working as a_at software giant Microsoft.（分数：1.00）A.workerB.designerC
11、.engineerD.manager(2).Simonyi helped design both Microsoft Word and Excel programs before leaving to form his own company in_.（分数：1.00）A.1960B.1981C.1993D.20021. Question 10 is based on the following news item. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now list
12、en to the news.According to United Nations records, people all over the world are getting older because of_.A good health care and other servicesB. fewer and fewer challenges and pressuresC. more international discussions between countriesD. better medicine and more food（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READI
13、NG COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Almost a century after his death, the well-known French author Jules Verne has once again managed to fire the imagination of people around the world, this time with an unpublished novel, Paris in the 20th Century. The manuscript, completed in 1863 but lo
14、ng locked away in a safe, was uncovered only in 1989 by Vernes great-grandson, and it appeared in English translation just a few months ago. This 19th-century vision of the future describes life among skyscrapers of glass and steel, high-speed trains, gas-powered automobiles, calculators, fax machin
15、es and a global communications network. The prescience of these forecasts matches what one would have expected from the author who introduced countless readers of his age to a host of technological marvels, from submarines to helicopters and spacecraft.But in fact, Paris in the 20th Century is a tra
16、gedy. It describes the life of an idealistic young man who struggles to find happiness in the fiercely materialistic dystopia that Paris has become by 1920. Like George Orwells 1984, Vernes novel is a grim and troubling comment on the human costs of technological progress.That such a message should
17、come from Jules Verne proves surprising to many. Most people particularly in America assume that Verne wrote about the wonders of technology because he was himself an optimistic scientist. Many also believe Verne wrote primarily for children, crafting novels that were invariably exciting but intelle
18、ctually shallow. These misconceptions show how Venue, s current status has completely shadowed the reality of his life and writings. They are part of the continuing misunderstanding of this author, a result of some severely abridged translations and simplified adaptations for Hollywood cinema.In tru
19、th, Verne was neither a scientist nor an engineer: he was simply a writer and a very prolific one. Over his lifetime, Verne produced more than 2 novels. Yet his works were carefully grounded in fact, and his books inspired many leading scientists, engineers, inventors and explorers, including Willia
20、m Beebe (the creator and pilot of the first bathysphere), Admiral Richard Byrd (a pioneer explorer of Antarctica), Yuri Gagarin (the first human to fly in space) and Neil Armstrong (the first astronaut to walk or/the moon). Vernes novels were thus profoundly influential, and perhaps uniquely so.Alth
21、ough novels with scientific foundation had been written before, Verne raised the technique of scientific description to a fine art. And this type of science fiction, based on accurate descriptions of science and technology, has tended to dominate the trend ever since. But Vernes devotion to technica
22、l detail does not reflect an confidence in the virtues of science. Indeed, his earliest writings a mixture of plays, essays and short stories were distinctly critical of science and technology.It was only the strict monitor of his publisher, Pierre-Jules Hetzel, that steered Verne toward what eventu
23、ally made him famous: fast-paced adventure tales heavily flavored with scientific lessons and an optimistic ideology. And although his own attitude was quite different, Verne offered little resistance to Hetzel. After the release of his initial book in 1863, the first in a series of novels published
24、 under the banner “Extraordinary Voyages: Voyages in Known and Unknown Worlds“, Verne explained to his friends at the Paris stock market (where he had been working part-time to make ends meet) about his accomplishment. “My friends,. Ive just written a novel in a new style . If it succeeds, it will b
25、e a gold mine.“ He was right.Under Hetzer s continual guidance, Verne created one novel after another, each fundamentally of this same type. But most of the works published after Hetzel s death in 1886 show Verne returning to his original themes championing environmentalism, anticapitalism and socia
26、l responsibility while questioning the benefits that science and technology could bring to an imperfect world. To understand how Vernes later writings could differ so completely from popular image of him requires a closer understanding of the man and his times.（分数：4.00）(1).How does the author think
27、about “Paris in the 20th Century“?（分数：1.00）A.He thinks iris a comedy.B.This 19th-century vision of the future describes life among skyscrapers of glass and steel, high-speed trains, gas-powered automobiles, calculators, fax machines and a global communications network.C.It describes the life of an u
28、nidealistic young man who struggles to find happiness in the fiercely materialistic dystopia that Paris has become by 1920.D.He thinks the Jules Verne has once again managed to fire the imagination of people around the world and it is a grim and troubling comment on the human costs of technological
29、progress.(2).In the sentence “In math, Verne was neither a scientist nor an engineer: he was simply a writer and a very prolific one.“, the word “prolific“ probably means_.（分数：1.00）A.primitiveB.diligentC.richD.fruitful(3).Through what kind of novels, did Verne make himself success?（分数：1.00）A.Fast-pa
30、ced adventure tales heavily flavored with scientific lessons and an optimistic ideology.B.To mix futuristic narratives with detailed, plausible descriptions of new technology.C.Through novels such as Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864; translated 1874) and Around the World in 80 Days (1873; tr
31、anslated 1874).D.Bright, entertaining adventure stories that celebrated the possibilities of technology.(4).According to the passage, how does the author think about Jules.Verne?（分数：1.00）A.A stranger.B.A scientist whose job was to discover the future and cast new technology in a darker light.C.From
32、the start, the father of science fiction was gravely concerned with the dangers of technology.D.He was either a scientist or an engineer.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Kidnappings around the world have typically had one of two major goals: publicity for a local political cause or as a form of “fund-raising“
33、 for the kidnappers. Recently, kidnappings for political reasons have been on the decrease, whereas kidnapping for profit has seen a dramatic increase.A prime example of this trend is in Colombia. Colombia is considered to be the kidnapping capital of the world, with rival guerrilla and paramilitary
34、 groups consistently abducting civilians-including businessmen, tourists and aid workers. The ransom money obtained from these activities is used primarily to finance a 37 year civil war in Colombia. The U.S. State Department estimates that more than 3,000 people are kidnapped in Colombia each year.
35、 Most kidnap victims are Colombians who are either wealthy or who can at least come up with a few thousand dollars. Although the kidnappings are most often performed by political dissidents, the motivation for the kidnappings is usually money, not politics.Colombia is not the only country to be plag
36、ued with this increase in kidnappings for profit. Ransom kidnappings are becoming more common in Mexico, Central America, Brazil, Chechnya, the Philippines, Haiti, and many other developing countries throughout the world. Although many kidnappings are politically motivated, a growing number are simp
37、ly fund-raising exercises by guerrillas or common criminals. For example, when a new rebel group, the Popular Revolutionary Army, surfaced in Mexico in 1996, experts concluded that the group financed itself through kidnappings carried out over the previous two years.One of the causes of the worldwid
38、e increase in kidnappings for profit is that billions of dollars in foreign investment has only marginally assisted the poor throughout the Third World. This has created a growing resentment of the elites who have hoarded much of the wealth. Therefore, often kidnappings for profit throughout the Thi
39、rd World are a backlash by the poor against the elites, in an attempt to even the score by obtaining some of their money.Moreover, there is an increasing risk of kidnapping for tourists and expatriate executives throughout the world. This is particularly so for Americans, who are perceived as rich e
40、ven when they are not. Their substantial numbers3.2 million living overseas and 50 million traveling internationally each yearhave left Americans more at risk than citizens of other countries. In many countries, the kidnapping of business people, especially American executives and mid-level managers
41、, as well as tourists has become a thriving business. For example, during the last several years, the FARC and ELN, two Colombian terrorist groups, have extorted more than 5632 million from foreign companies and individuals.In fact, the problem of kidnapping has become so bad internationally that se
42、veral insurance and security companies are offering either international kidnapping insurance or, at least, detailed instructions on how to avoid a kidnapping. This too has become a thriving business. According to Fielding Worldwide, Inc., a typical KRE (Kidnap, Ransom and Extortion) insurance polic
43、y has a $1 million limit. An annual policy would cost between US$7,000 in Brazil or up to a maximum of US$26,000 in Colombiathis is an incredible cost. Corporations usually buy blanket policies that cover all employees, but often business is intertwined with extended family from grandparents down to
44、 grandchildren. Therefore, often the entire family must be Included in the policy to ensure maximum coverage.Since kidnappers are aware of these KRE policies, the insurance policies have inadvertently created a way for them to make even more money than if they were to kidnap a typical man off the st
45、reet. So, is it necessary to obtain one of these policies? Seitlin he might hear different opinions now that a Shiite dominated government is more or less in place.Trofimovs episodic narrative creates a mosaic of the Muslim universe, which is less monolithic than generally pictured. Each tile is exq
46、uisitely wrought, but the overall pattern is not always clear. Trofimov implies that in the eyes of a great many Muslims, what began as a war against terrorism has morphed into a war against Islam a clash of civilizations. But Muslims in more moderate countries like Tunisia and Mali dont seem to sha
47、re that view, and I for one couldnt tell which vision is likely to prevail.That said, this book deserves a wide readership. The Muslims dont understand us, we dont understand them. “Faith at War“ goes a long way toward solving the second part of that dismal equation.（分数：3.00）(1).Concerning the book,
48、 which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.It is partly a travel book.B.It is partly a political one.C.It is partly a cultural commentary.D.It is partly an academic on(2).According to Trofimov, who most often do harbor the extremist ideas?（分数：1.00）A.The masses.B.The well-to-do.C.The poor people.D.The better educate(3).As far as the problem of “Faith at War“ is concerned, which conclusion can NOT be drawn from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The author may attribute the hatred towards Americans to the clash of civilizations.B.The book tries to pro
