1、专业英语四级-109及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Africa has always been the continent of hidden secrets, unrevealed mysteries and the place where every person dreams to travel to. Seeing and understanding the culture of Africa, means knowing its history and everything it has gone thro
2、ugh. The cultural impact that Mricas arts have in the general collection and its influence is important and irreplaceable. The well-known facts are that ancient people in Africa used the image of animals a lot in their art to transmit the special meaning of the animals character and that it cognates
3、 with the person who owns this thing. The image of animals on different things shares with us the unique contents that the art product carries inside and how deep Mriean people felt other people to choose animals with such a precision. The example we are about to talk is The Divination Portrait of a
4、 Lion King and the Man of Iron, performed by king Glele of Dahome. This is one of the brightest examples of African culture and a visual projection of the character of a brave man. In ancient Africa a lion could be compared only to Ra (the god of sun), which only by itself indicates the power of thi
5、s image. And it is very useful to understand the total understating of all the lion-variations, for in different art forms the image of the lion changes giving an additional special meaning to the art product. Fighting lions signify giving mercy to a timid and not subdue a proud one, which means bei
6、ng intelligent and strong enough to show generosity and be merciful. If the lion is depicted obedient and quiet it indicates the image of a person who is not ferocious, however he is unconquerable; the lion here is a symbol of true courage and generosity. Very seldom we can find the image of a lion
7、biting himself as that in The Divination Portrait. He seems to say, I do not spare even my own flesh. Why do you expect me to spare yours? It is a symbol of fury. The validity of using, the image of a strong, powerful animal to emphasize the strength and bravery is unflinching. Africans simply follo
8、wed their intuition and experiences, making the art product they created deep in the sense of meaning. Certainly, the lion is not the only animal used to depict honorable qualities. But the image of the lion is one of the brightest examples of using an animal as the metaphor of power. The whole esse
9、nce of the creation can be understood through the animal images it sustains in itself. And it can be grown on to a very skilled literature product by the ability to put inside it so much life depicted through the life of an animal.（分数：20.00）(1).It can be implied from the first two paragraphs that _.
10、（分数：4.00）A.the aim of travelling to Africa is to sense the cultureB.Africans compare animals characters to those of peopleC.images on different things represent different charactersD.Africans can understand other people deeply and precisely(2).A lion can be the symbol of the following characters EXC
11、EPT _.（分数：4.00）A.authorityB.braveryC.obedienceD.generosity(3).Which of the following is NOT true about The Divination Portrait?（分数：4.00）A.It is an accomplishment of a king.B.It presents an uncommon image of a lion.C.It makes a show of power through animal imagery.D.It uses the most magnificent form
12、of art.(4).What can be the purpose of the last paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.To emphasize the implication of animal images.B.To provide more details about animal metaphors.C.To evaluate the creativity of African people.D.To reveal relations between images and literature.(5).Which of the following is the best
13、 title of the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Animal Imagery as Metaphor of Power.B.The Cultural Appeals of Africa.C.African Lions and the God of Sun.D.Unrevealing the Mystery of African Lions.三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still le
14、ss the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teach
15、er to every 1,000 children in hospital. Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-tim
16、e teacher. The special childrens hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacherand that contact may be as little as two hours a day.
17、 Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do maths or number work; without a teacher they would only play games. Reasons for hos
18、pital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as the library lady or just the helper.
19、 Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can. Many short-stay child-patients c
20、atch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.（分数：20.00）(1).The author points out at the beginning that _.（分数：5.00）A.every child in hospital receives some teachingB.not enough is known about hospital teachingC.hospi
21、tal teaching is of poor qualityD.the special childrens hospitals are worst off(2).It can be inferred from the latest survey that _.（分数：5.00）A.hospital teaching across the country is similarB.each hospital has at least one part-time teacherC.all hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenD.only on
22、e-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers(3).Children in hospital usually turn to _ in order to catch up with their school work.（分数：5.00）A.hospital teachersB.schoolmatesC.parentsD.school teachers(4).We can conclude from the passage that the author is _.（分数：5.00）A.unfavorable towards children
23、 receiving education in hospitalsB.in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC.unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD.satisfied with the results of the latest survey四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)It is an evil influence on the youth of our country. A politician condemning v
24、ideo gaming? Actually, a clergyman denouncing rock and roll 50 years ago. But the sentiment could just as easily have been voiced by Hillary Clinton in the past few weeks as in saying video games is a silent epidemic of media desensitization and stealing the innocence of our children. The opposition
25、 to gaming springs largely from the neophobia that has pitted the old against the entertainments of the young for centuries. Novels were once considered too low-brow; Waltz music and dancing were condemned in the 19th century; rock and roll was thought to encourage violence. But what of the specific
26、 complaintsthat games foster addiction and encourage violence? Theres no good evidence for either. On addiction, if the worry is about a generally excessive use of screen-based entertainment, critics should surely concern themselves about television rather than games. As to the minority who seriousl
27、y overdo it research suggests that they display addictive behavior in other ways too. The problem, in other words, is with them, not with the games. Most of the research on whether video games encourage violence is unsatisfactory, focusing primarily on short-term effects. In the best study so far, f
28、requent playing of a violent game sustained over a month had no effect on participants level of aggression. And, during the period in which gaming has become widespread in America, violent crime has fallen by half. Perhaps, as some observers have suggested, gaming actually makes people less violent,
29、 by acting as a safety valve. So are games good, rather than bad, for people? Good ones probably are. Games are widely used as educational tools, not just for pilots, soldiers and surgeons, but also in schools and businesses. Games require players to construct hypotheses, solve problems, develop str
30、ategies, and learn the rules of the in-game world through trial and error. Gamers must also be able to juggle several different tasks, evaluate risks and make quick decisions. Playing games is, thus, an ideal form of preparation for the workplace of the 21 st century, as some forward-thinking firms
31、are already starting to realize. Pointing all this out makes little difference, though, because the controversy over gaming, as with rock and roll, is more than anything else the consequence of a generational divide. Can the disagreements between old and young over new forms of media ever be resolve
32、d? Sometimes attitudes can change relatively quickly, as happened with the Internet. Once condemned as a cesspool of depravity, it is now recognized as a valuable new medium. Attitudes changed because critics of the internet had to start using it for work, and then realized that, like any medium, it
33、 could be used for good purposes as well as bad. They have no such incentive to take up gaming, however. Eventually, objections to new media resolve themselves, as the young grow up and the old die out. As todays gamers grow olderthe average age of garners is already 30video games will ultimately be
34、come just another medium, alongside books, music and films. And soon the greying garners will start tut-tutting about some new evil threatening to destroy the younger generations moral fiber.（分数：20.00）(1).Hillary Clintons attitude towards video games is _.（分数：4.00）A.positiveB.neutralC.negativeD.indi
35、fferent(2).What does the word neophobia (Para. 2) most probably mean?（分数：4.00）A.The entertainment of the young.B.The violence on the Internet.C.The change of the society.D.The skepticism of new things.(3).The author may most probably agree that games can be used efficiently _.（分数：4.00）A.as instructi
36、onal toolsB.to decrease crime ratesC.for entertaining purposesD.by forward-thinking firms only(4).The author thinks that critics may change their attitudes towards gaming once they _.（分数：4.00）A.realize the advantages of the InternetB.overcome the generation gapC.begin to try using new mediaD.start u
37、sing games for work(5).What does the author imply in the last sentence of the whole passage?（分数：4.00）A.As video gamers gain age, games will threaten their younger generation rather than them.B.As video gamers gain age, they will begin to worry about other new things as well.C.Video games will destro
38、y the younger generations moral fiber.D.Video gamers will become a moral threat to the society.五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Allan Metcalfs new book claims that the word OK is Americas greatest invention. This offers a pair of provocations. How can OK be an invention? On a certain day, a certain guy ju
39、st dreamed up the expression that has become the most frequently spoken word on the planet? And even if it is an invention, can one little word really be greater than jazz, baseball, and the telephone? Is it better than The Simpsons? The answer to the first question, implausible as it sounds, is yes
40、. In OK: The Improbable Story of Americas Greatest Word, Metcalf locates the first use of OK in an obscure corner of a Boston newspaper on March 23, 1839. As for the alleged greatness of the word, Metcalfs slim volume doesnt entirely persuade you that OK is a more valuable invention than, say, elect
41、ric light. But the fact that he even raises the question is intriguing. If it does nothing else, Metcalf makes you acutely aware of how universal and vital the word has become. True story: the worlds most popular word began as a joke. In the late 1830s, Americas newspapers had great enthusiasm for a
42、bbreviationsalso, to judge by Metcalfs account, a sorry sense of humor. He devotes a chapter to trying to explain why readers of the Boston Morning Post might have been amused to see o. k. used as a jokey abbreviation for oll korrect, an intentional misspelling of all correct. Apparently you had to
43、be there. But the word soon got an enormous boost from Andrew Jacksonor his enemies, anyway. They circulated the rumor that the man of the people was barely literate and approved papers with the initials O. K. for oil korrect. It was a joke, Metcalf concludes, but without it thered be no OK. The wor
44、d didnt remain a joke for long. Telegraph operators began using it as a way to say all clear. It became ubiquitous, turning up in all corners of the world, and beyond. Metcalf points out that OK was technically the first word spoken on the surface of the moon. When you pause to consider what a weird
45、 and wonderful little word OK is, the most remarkable thing isnt that its so great or that it was invented but that its American. To foreigners in the 20th century, Metcalf writes, the word embodied American simplicity, pragmatism, and optimism. To us today, the word sums up a whole two-letter Ameri
46、can philosophy of tolerance, even admiration for difference.（分数：20.00）(1).The word provocations in Paragraph One can best be replaced by _.（分数：4.00）A.contradictionsB.challengesC.resultsD.assumptions(2).After reading Metcalfs book, the author is convinced that _.（分数：4.00）A.Metcalfs story was implausi
47、bleB.OK is an invention of the greatest importanceC.OK is a widely-used inventionD.OK is a worthless invention(3).How was OK created?（分数：4.00）A.It was created to shorten a word.B.It was created by mistake.C.It was created to play a joke on a reporter.D.It was created to convey a sense of humor.(4).W
48、hich of the following is true about Andrew Jackson?（分数：4.00）A.He was the inventor of OK.B.He was poor in writing and reading.C.He was a household name in America.D.He was the editor of theBoston Morning Post.(5).The passage is intended to _.（分数：4.00）A.review Metcalfs new book on OK.B.reveal the unknown facts about OK.C.convince us of the significance of OK.D.answer questions concerned about OK.六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
