1、专业英语四级分类模拟327及答案解析 (总分：55.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：3，分数：55.00)A. conclusion B. solid C. stable D. that E. hazard F. exaggerated G. perspective H. regular I. made J. manual K. twisted L. measures M. thought N. which O. causes Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments
2、with electronic instruments. First, a human guine a pig is tested using a 1 tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. 2 joints and stretched muscles cannot behave as well, it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions. The same
3、 person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great improvement of the new designs over the old. One of the electronic instruments used by Dr. Tichauer, the myograph, 3 visible through electrical signals the work
4、 done by human muscle. Another machine 4 any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon 5 to base a new design. One 6 of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more 7 and safer to use than one with four legs. This work has attracted the attention of efficiency ex
5、perts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far beyond that. Dr. Tichauers first 8 is for the health of the tool user. With the 46 repeated use of the same tool all day long on production lines and in other jobs, even light 9 work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body
6、. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. Furthermore, muscle fatigue is a serious safety 10 .（分数：10.00）A. accountable B. capacity C. controlled D. entail E. forged F. incentives G. occasionally H. overstated I. persisting J. pessimistic K. professionals L. slash M. specializing N. spect
7、ators O. subsequently Travel websites have been around since the 1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowing travelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click of a mouse. With information no longer 11 by travel agents or hidden in business netw
8、orks, the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped 12 prices. Today, the industry is going through a new revolutionthis time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms 13 in hotels, restaurants, apartments and taxisallow travelers to exchange reviews and experien
9、ces for all to see. Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed and compared not by industry 14 , but by the very people for whom the service is intendedthe customer. This has 15 a new relationship between buyer and seller. Customers have always voted with their feet; they can now explain their
10、decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more 16 , often in very specific ways, which creates powerful 17 to improve service. Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly bellboys (行李员) in Berlin or malfunctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston, t
11、he true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories, but in the websites 18 to aggregate a large volume of ratings. The impact cannot be 19 Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attracted by good reviews and 20 provide yet more positive
12、feedback. So great is the influence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorable online identity.（分数：25.00）A. mental B. promise C. kill D. avoid E. hope F. especially G. aid H. ordinary I. approval J. monetary K. generally L. improve M. challenging
13、 N. restore O. excellent Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can 21 performance at work and school. Cognitive (认识派的)
14、 researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on 22 and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, 23 among educators. But the careful use of small 24 rewards speaks creativity in grade school chil
15、dren, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed 25 inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology . If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively 26 task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the
16、University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to 27 creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for 28 achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger hol
17、ds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and 29 failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards,
18、shows 30 in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.（分数：20.00）专业英语四级分类模拟327答案解析 (总分：55.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：3，分数：55.00)A. conclusion B. solid C. stable D. that E. hazard F. exaggerated G. perspective H. regular I. made J. manual K. twisted L. measures M. thought N. which
19、 O. causes Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human guine a pig is tested using a 1 tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. 2 joints and stretched muscles cannot behave
20、 as well, it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions. The same person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great improvement of the new designs over the old. One of the electronic instrum
21、ents used by Dr. Tichauer, the myograph, 3 visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle. Another machine 4 any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon 5 to base a new design. One 6 of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more 7 and safer
22、to use than one with four legs. This work has attracted the attention of efficiency experts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far beyond that. Dr. Tichauers first 8 is for the health of the tool user. With the 46 repeated use of the same tool all day long on production lines and
23、 in other jobs, even light 9 work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. Furthermore, muscle fatigue is a serious safety 10 .（分数：10.00）解析：H。解析 本题考查形容词。空格前面为冠词a，后面是名词tool，可知空格处应填入形容词。此处意为“一般使用工具来给人类充当的小白鼠做实验”，结合上文提到的“新工具的设计”，可推测这里指的应是
24、使用“常规”工具，regular意为“常规的，普通的”，符合句意，故选H。解析：K。解析 本题考查形容词。原句大意为“当关节扭伤和肌肉拉紧时，其功能没有关节和肌肉正常的时候好”。此处由and连接的为并列结构，根据下stretched muscles“拉紧的肌肉”，可知，此处应填入首字母大写的形容词，且该词应能修饰“关节”，故选K，twisted意为“扭曲的”。F项exaggerated干扰项，意为“夸张的”，不符合题意。解析：I。解析 本题考查动词。O项causes意为“导致”，I项made意为“使得”，从语义上看，两者均符合，但是从语法上来看，空格后是复合宾语，而O项causes后面直接加宾
25、语，只有made可接复合宾语，故选I。此处made的复合宾语结构“made visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle”较为复杂，因为宾语较长，宾语和宾语补足语出现倒置的情况，简化并还原后应为：made the work visible。解析：L。解析 本题考查动词。根据前面主语another machine-可判断，该处谓语动词应为第三人称单数形式，故答案锁定在L项measures与O项causes。根据上下文，此处是要表达“另外一台机器测量工具的危险性”，measure意为“测量”，cause意为“导致”
26、，measure符合此处文意，故选L。解析：N。解析 本题考查代词。本题考查定语从句的关系代词。空格前面有介词upon，关系代词在从句中作宾语，所以只能用which，不能用that，故排除干扰项D，选N。解析：A。解析 本题考查名词。由空格前面的One可知，此处应填一个单数名词。结合句意“用该机器进行实验得出的一个结论是三条腿的活梯用起来比四条腿的梯子更安全”及选项，可知A项符合此处句意，conclusion意为“结论”，故选A。解析：C。解析 本题考查形容词。由上文可推知，此处是指三条腿的活梯更安全、更稳固，故答案可锁定在B项与C项。solid意为“固体的；结实的”，一般强调物质的固态性，而
27、stable意为“稳定的，具有稳定性的”，一般强调事物的稳定性，更符合题意，故选C。解析：M。解析 本题考查名词。由空格前的first和空格后的is可判断此处应填一个单数名词。结合句意“Tichauer博士最初是为了工具使用者的健康”及选项，可知这里指的应是“Tichauer博士的想法”，perspective意为“看法，观点”，thought意为“想法”，故排除干扰项G，选M。解析：J。解析 本题考查形容词。此处所指的工作应该与前文提到的生产线上的工作相类似，但这里并非指具体的某种劳动，而manual work为固定搭配，意为“体力劳动，手工作业”，是一个泛指的概念，故J项符合题意。解析：E
28、。解析 本题考查名词。根据原句中的is a可判断，此处应填入一个单数名词。结合句意“长此以往，这种压力能导致人残疾。此外，肌肉的疲劳还是一个严重的安全和常识”可知，此处应是指“安全隐患”，hazard意为“危险，隐患”，safety hazard表示“安全隐患”，符合句意，故选E。A. accountable B. capacity C. controlled D. entail E. forged F. incentives G. occasionally H. overstated I. persisting J. pessimistic K. professionals L. slash
29、 M. specializing N. spectators O. subsequently Travel websites have been around since the 1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowing travelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click of a mouse. With information no longer 11 by travel agents o
30、r hidden in business networks, the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped 12 prices. Today, the industry is going through a new revolutionthis time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms 13 in hotels, restaurants, apartments and taxisallow travelers to exch
31、ange reviews and experiences for all to see. Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed and compared not by industry 14 , but by the very people for whom the service is intendedthe customer. This has 15 a new relationship between buyer and seller. Customers have always voted with their feet; th
32、ey can now explain their decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more 16 , often in very specific ways, which creates powerful 17 to improve service. Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly bellboys (行李员) in Berlin or malfunctioning hotel
33、 hairdryers in Houston, the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories, but in the websites 18 to aggregate a large volume of ratings. The impact cannot be 19 Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attracted by good reviews and 20 p
34、rovide yet more positive feedback. So great is the influence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorable online identity.（分数：25.00）解析：C。解析 该空格位于With引导的介词短语中，由短语中的or和hidden可推知，所填词应是hidden的并列结构，即动词过去分词形式，表示被动。文章首句提到，游客可以在旅游网站上比较航班和酒店的价格，且后文中提及greate
35、r transparency“更高的透明度”，由此可推知，信息不再被旅行社控制。备选动词中，controlled“控制”符合题意，故答案为C。解析：L。解析 该空格位于动词helped之后，名词prices之前，据此判断应填入动词原形，构成help do sth. 的结构。由第一段首句可知，游客可以在旅游网站上比较航班和酒店的价格，也就是说，旅游网站可以帮助游客选择报价更低的航班和酒店。结合备选项，slash“大幅度削减”符合题意。故答案为L。解析：M。解析 空格位于后置定语中，用来补充说明在线评价平台涉及的领域，故应填入现在分词，且能与in构成固定搭配。备选动词中，表示“涉及”且能与in搭配
36、的现在分词只有specializing“专门从事”。故答案为M。解析：K。解析 空格位于by引导的介词短语里，表示动作的实施者，由此推断应填入表示人或机构的名词。备选名词为professionals“专业人士”和spectators“观众”。由后文but可知，空格处的单词应与customer“顾客”形成对照，故professionals“专业人士”符合语境。spectators“观众”虽然满足语法要求，但其含义与上下文不符，排除。故答案为K。解析：E。解析 空格位于has之后，宾语a new relationship之前，据此判断应填入过去分词。由宾语a new relationship可知，
37、所填动词应该表示“建立，构建”的意思。备选动词中，forged“形成，缔造”符合题意，故答案为E。解析：A。解析 由空格前的are much more可以推断应填入形容词。结合后半句中的powerful和improve service可知，空格处应填入表示积极意义的形容词。备选形容词中，符合要求的只有accountable“负有责任的”，故答案为A。解析：F。解析 该空格位于形容词powerful之后，动词不定式to improve之前，据此判断应填入名词。根据上下文推断，在线评价这种方式对旅游业改进服务起到了促进作用。备选名词中，符合该语境的只有incentives“刺激，动力”，故答案为F
38、。解析：B。解析 该空格位于名词所有格之后，据此判断应填入名词。备选名词中，符合语境的是capacity“能力”，表示“网站能集合大量评论的能力”。故答案为B。解析：H。解析 该空格位于be动词之后，可填入形容词或者动词的过去分词。文章末段第二、三句主要讲述好的评论的重要作用，故空格所在句也应该涉及好评价的重要性。备选词中overstated“夸张，夸大”符合文意，cannot be overstated表示“再夸张也不为过”。故答案为H。解析：O。解析 该空格位于动词provide之前，而且空格所在句子并不缺少主要成分，因此推断此处应填入副词。由空格所在句中的good reviews“好的评
39、论吸引新顾客”和more positive feedback“做出更积极的反馈”可知，所填入的副词应能体现出时间先后顺序。备选副词中，subsequently“随后，接着”符合文意，故答案为O。A. mental B. promise C. kill D. avoid E. hope F. especially G. aid H. ordinary I. approval J. monetary K. generally L. improve M. challenging N. restore O. excellent Psychologists take opposing views of
40、how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can 21 performance at work and school. Cognitive (认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, mainta
41、in that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on 22 and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, 23 among educators. But the careful use of small 24 rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed 25
42、 inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology . If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively 26 task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to 27 creativit
43、y by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for 28 achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing effort
44、s at major universities to tighten grading standards and 29 failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows 30 in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psych
45、ologist claims.（分数：20.00）解析：L。解析 第一段主要提出了行为学家和认知派研究专家对于额外奖励的不同看法，因此可以推断出此处应填与destroy意思相反的动词，可选项有improve和aid，但能与performance构成动宾搭配的只有improve，排除aid。故答案为L。解析：I。解析 由空格后的and gift可知此处应填名词。可选项为：Bpromise“允诺，许诺”；Ehope“希望”；Gaid“援助”；Iapproval“认可”。语境为：认知派研究专家认为，由于奖励助长了人们期望从别人那儿得到 -|_|-和物质奖励的心理，而往往会破坏创造力，因此，选项中只有
46、approval“认同”符合题意。故答案为I。解析：F。解析 空格处应填副词。可选项有generally和especially，但从文章后面所举的例子来理解，此处是为了突出强调教育家支持认知派研究专家的看法，因此只有especially“尤其，特别”符合题意。故答案为F。解析：J。解析 空格处应填形容词。备选项为：Amental“精神的”：Hordinary“普通的”；Jmonetary“货币的，财政的”；Mchallenging“挑战的”；Oexcellent“卓越的”。由But转折可知此句表明的观点与认知派研究专家(who study various aspects of mental l
47、ife)的观点(物质奖励有害)相反，因此可以推断出此处应填的形容词是表示“物质奖励”的词，选项中只有monetary符合题意。故答案为J。解析：G。解析 由空格前后的两个名词inducements和inventiveness可知，空格处应填谓语动词，且使用一般时态。由But转折可知，此句表明的观点与前者(即行为学家所持的观点)一致，语境为：适当地给予奖励刺激确实 -|_|-创造力，选项中只有aid“有助于(刺激)”符合题意。故答案为G。解析：M。解析 由空格前后的副词relatively和名词task可知，此处应填形容词。备选项为：Amental“精神的”；Hordinary“普通的”；Mch
48、allenging“挑战的”；Oexcellent“卓越的”。语境为：如果孩子们知道他们在为获得奖励而努力，并能专注于相对 -|_|-的任务，他们就会表现出很大的创造力。将选项一一代入，符合语境的只有challenging，故答案为M。解析：C。解析 由its easy to do的不定式结构可知，此处应填动词原形。备选单词为：Ckill“扼杀”；Davoid“避免”；Limprove“改善，增进”；Nrestore“恢复，还原”；Ehope“希望，期望”。由此句中的But转折与前一句中的show the most creativity“表现出最强的创造力”可以推断出，此处填的词应与show the most表达的意思相反，且与destroy意思相近，选项中只有kill符合题意。故答案为C。解析：H。解析 此处应填形容词。Amental“精神的”；Hordinary“普通的”：Oexcellent“卓越的”。由此句中high grades和uninspired“缺乏创见的”可以推断出，此处填的词应与high形成对比，只有ordinary符合题意。故答案为H。解析：N。解析 由空格前的and可知，空格处单词应与tighten并列，此处应填动词。备选单词为：Davoid“避免”；Nrestore“恢复，还原”；Ehope“希望，期望”。由tighten可推
