1、专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-22及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illness may be (1) if individuals would want to make (2) personal health choices, which should be based (3) current medical knowledge. We a
2、ll enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral (4) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may (5) our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink (6) refuse to wear seat be
3、lts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary lifestyle without any exercise. The freedom of making such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, (7) the wisdom of these personal decisions can be (8) . Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.
4、(9) one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be (10) by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A (11) of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is (12) the sc
5、ope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any (13) individual. However, the decision to (14) a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the (15) of personal choice, Fries and
6、Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to give oneself (16) to a behavior with a statistical probability of shortening life (17) is similar to attempting suicide. (18) , for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should r
7、eflect those behaviors that are associated (19) a statistical probability of increased vitality and (20) .（分数：50.00）(1).A. unnecessary B. needlessC. unavoidable D. preventable（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. sound B. profoundC. well-grounded D. all-round（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. by B. withinC. upon D. for（分数：2
8、.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. borders B. boundariesC. frontiers D. margins（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. concern B. relateC. care D. worry（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. extremely B. excessivelyC. exceptionally D. expectedly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. although B. becauseC. only if D. when（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. doubted B. questi
9、onedC. inquired D. suspected（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. By B. AsC. For D. On（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. stressed B. urgedC. convinced D. pressured（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. multiplication B. crowdC. multitude D. great many（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. beyond B. underneathC. behind D. below（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A.
10、 detailed B. givenC. involved D. concerned（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. adjust B. adaptC. adopt D. approve（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. morals B. moralityC. ethics D. justice（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. away B. upC. over D. off（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. meaningfully B. knowledgeablyC. knowingly D. shrewdly（分数：2.50）
11、A.B.C.D.(18).A. However B. YetC. Moreover D. Thus（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. by B. toC. on D. with（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. length B. longevityC. durability D. endurance（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a (n) (1) of discussion among economists. It has
12、 been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To (2) a large population, the good land must be worded intensively and the (3) land must be cultivated. Thus, each person (4) less and this means a lower average income (5) could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argue
13、d that a large population gives more (6) for specialization and the development of facilities. (7) there is a big demand to justify them, facilities such as ports, roads and railways are not (8) to be built.One of the difficulties in (9) a world- wide birth control program lies in the fact that offi
14、cial attitudes to population growth (10) from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and (11) materials. In the developing country where a vastly (12) population is pressing harder and harder (13) the limits of food, space and natural resourc
15、es, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birth rate, (14) the consequences may be.In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more (15) . A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results (16) a declining market for manufactured goods. (17)
16、 the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building (18) is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a(n) (19) country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, (20) one which is stable or in decline.（分数：50.00）(1).A. subject
17、B. objectC. theme D. title（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. nourish B. fosterC. feed D. tend（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. minor B. secondaryC. ordinary D. inferior（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. produces B. createsC. plants D. manufactures（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. which B. thatC. what D. than（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. range B.
18、extentC. scope D. reach（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. When B. LestC. Unless D. If（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. likely B. possibleC. probable D. prone（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. carrying on B. carrying outC. carrying through D. carrying over（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. change B. alterC. vary D. contrast（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(
19、11).A. fresh B. unrefinedC. rude D. raw（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. expanded B. extendedC. broadened D. magnified（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. out B. uponC. for D. against（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. what B. whichC. whatever D. whichever（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. confused B. complexC. sophisticated D. detailed（分数：
20、2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. in B. fromC. to D. for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. When B. HoweverC. Although D. In case（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. business B. commerceC. trade D. industry（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. advancing B. developedC. mature D. settled（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. rather than B. despiteC. instead D. re
21、gardless of（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-22答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illness may be (1) if individuals would want to make (2) personal health choices, which should be based (3) curr
22、ent medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral (4) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may (5) our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink
23、 (6) refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary lifestyle without any exercise. The freedom of making such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, (7) the wisdom of these personal decisions can be (8) . Personal choices relative to health
24、 often cause a difficulty. (9) one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be (10) by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A (11) of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behav
25、iors, and it is (12) the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any (13) individual. However, the decision to (14) a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the (15) of
26、personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to give oneself (16) to a behavior with a statistical probability of shortening life (17) is similar to attempting suicide. (18) , for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, perso
27、nal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated (19) a statistical probability of increased vitality and (20) .（分数：50.00）(1).A. unnecessary B. needlessC. unavoidable D. preventable（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。在四个选项中，只有D：preventable“可以预防的”符合文意，故为正确答案。A：unnecessary和B：needless表示“
28、没有必要的”；C：unavoidable意为“不可避免的”，都不符合文意，可排除。(2).A. sound B. profoundC. well-grounded D. all-round（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。A：sound作形容词，意思是“合理的；有效的；健康的”，符合文意，是正确答案。B：profound意为“深奥的，渊博的”，一般不用来形容“选择”；C：well-grounded意为“基础牢固的”，主要强调有充分的根据；D：all-round意为“全面的，综合的”，以上三个选项均不符合文意，故可排除。(3).A. by B. withinC. upo
29、n D. for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 固定搭配题。be based upon是固定搭配，意思是“基于”，由此可见，C：upon是正确答案。(4).A. borders B. boundariesC. frontiers D. margins（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。这四个选项都有“边缘”的意思，B：boundaries用于表示“界限，分界线”，最符合文意，因此为正确答案。A：borders指的是国与国或两个地区之间的“分界处”；C：frontiers指的是两国接壤的“前沿地区”；D：margins表示“边缘，余地；幅度；利润”，以上三个选
30、项均可排除。(5).A. concern B. relateC. care D. worry（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。A：concern作动词时，表示“涉及；影响；关心”，是及物动词，符合文意，故为正确答案。B：relate意为“与有关联”，一般用作不及物动词，需要与to搭配使用接宾语，而在原句中空格之后直接出现了宾语，因此可以排除；C：care强调因出于责任感或顾虑等而“关心，在乎”；D：worry意为“使焦虑”，故均不符合文意，可排除。(6).A. extremely B. excessivelyC. exceptionally D. expectedly（
31、分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 副词辨析题。excessively的意思是“过分地，过度地”，强调超出限度，符合文意，故选B。A：extremely“极其，非常”、C：exceptionally“格外地，特别地”和D：expectedly“期望地”均可排除。(7).A. although B. becauseC. only if D. when（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇衔接题。这句话前半部分说的是，作为社会的根本，人们拥有选择生活方式的自由。该句句意为：虽然这些个人选择的科学性会受到质疑。由此可知，这两部分之间是让步关系，因此，正确答案为A。(8).A. d
32、oubted B. questionedC. inquired D. suspected（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。question作动词，意为“质疑”，表示对某观点的准确性和合理性等提出质疑，因此B：questioned符合文意，故为正确答案。doubt是指由于证据不足而对事物的真假产生怀疑，所以A：doubted的意思不够确切，故排除；C：inquired是“询问”的意思，与文意不符，可以排除；D：suspected表示“怀疑，猜疑”，也可排除。(9).A. By B. AsC. For D. On（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 介词辨析题。这句
33、话的作用是举例说明上一句话谈到的内容。一般在举例说明时会使用短语：for example，但这句话的不同之处在于example之前有一个不定冠词a，因此应该选择B：As，意思是“作为一个例子来进行说明”。(10).A. stressed B. urgedC. convinced D. pressured（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。D：pressured作动词，意为“迫使某人做某事”，故为正确答案。A：stressed意为“强调；加强(重音)”，不符合文意，故排除；B：urged意为“敦促，鼓励”，一般不与into连用，故排除；C：convinced“说服，使信服”
34、，指用行动、事实或语言来使他人从思想上信服，一般也不与into连用，故排除。(11).A. multiplication B. crowdC. multitude D. great many（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。空格中的单词应该强调数量之大，C：multitude的意思是“大量的，多数的”，既可以指人，也可以指物，故为正确答案。A：multiplication的意思是“增多，增加；乘；繁殖”，不符合文意，故排除；B：crowd指的是“人群，群众”，一般用来表示数量很多的人，故排除；D：a great many意思是“许多”，但是与名词搭配时不需要接of，因此
35、可以排除。(12).A. beyond B. underneathC. behind D. below（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 介词辨析题。A：beyond指“超出(某物)的范围；超越”，符合文意，故为正确答案。B：underneath和D：below的意思相近，都是指“在之下”；C：behind指“在之后”，以上三项均可排除。(13).A. detailed B. givenC. involved D. concerned（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。B：given指的是“特定的，假设的”，符合文意，故为正确答案。A：detailed意为“详
36、细的，具体的”，一般不用来形容人，故排除；C：involved的意思是“相关的；牵扯的；复杂的”，与文意不符，故排除；D：concerned作定语修饰人时意为“担心的，忧虑的”，不符合文意，因此可以排除。(14).A. adjust B. adaptC. adopt D. approve（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。C：adopt是“采用，采纳”的意思，故为正确答案。A：adjust“调整”、B：adapt“改编；使适应”和D：approve“批准，赞成，同意”均可以排除。(15).A. morals B. moralityC. ethics D. justice（
37、分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。A：morals强调行为的标准，符合文意，故为正确答案。B：morality意为“道德，品行，道德观”；C：ethics意为“道德规范，道德标准”；D：justice意为“公平，公正，正义”，均可以排除。(16).A. away B. upC. over D. off（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 固定搭配题。give oneself over to意为“完全献身于某物”，这里即指献身于一种行为，在此意译为“采取一种行为”，符合文意，因此C：over为正确答案。give sb. away的意思是“出卖某人”；give sb.
38、 up是指“对某人的到来、康复或寻回不再抱任何希望”；give sth. off意为“送出或发出某物”，均不符合文意，故排除A、B以及D。(17).A. meaningfully B. knowledgeablyC. knowingly D. shrewdly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 副词辨析题。C：knowingly意为“故意地”，符合句意，故为正确答案。A：meaningfully意为“有意图地，有目的地”；B：knowledgeably意为“聪明地，有知识地”；D：shrewdly意为“精明地；狡猾地”，均可以排除。(18).A. However B. YetC. M
39、oreover D. Thus（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇衔接题。此处为因果关系，所以正确答案为D：thus。(19).A. by B. toC. on D. with（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 固定搭配题。表达“与相关”的短语为be associated with，所以正确答案为D：with。(20).A. length B. longevityC. durability D. endurance（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。这里指的是延长生命的长度。B：longevity意为“长寿，寿命”，故为正确答案。C：durabil
40、ity指的是“耐性，持久性”，D：endurance指的是“耐力，忍耐力”，一般指忍受痛苦和苦难的能力，这两个选项与文意不符，可以排除；A：length泛指“长度，时间的长短”，也可以排除。The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a (n) (1) of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To (2) a large population, the go
41、od land must be worded intensively and the (3) land must be cultivated. Thus, each person (4) less and this means a lower average income (5) could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more (6) for specialization and the development of faci
42、lities. (7) there is a big demand to justify them, facilities such as ports, roads and railways are not (8) to be built.One of the difficulties in (9) a world- wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth (10) from country to country depending on the level
43、 of industrial development and the availability of food and (11) materials. In the developing country where a vastly (12) population is pressing harder and harder (13) the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birth rate, (14)
44、 the consequences may be.In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more (15) . A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results (16) a declining market for manufactured goods. (17) the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building (
45、18) is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a(n) (19) country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, (20) one which is stable or in decline.（分数：50.00）(1).A. subject B. objectC. theme D. title（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。A：subject意为“主题”，符合句子意思，因此为正确答案。B
46、：Object是“物体；目标，对象”的意思，与文意不符，故排除；C：theme是正式用词，一般指文学或艺术作品的主题，或论文、演说的主题，故排除；D：title一般指书名、剧目或其他文艺创作作品的名称，也指附在姓名前的职称或头衔，故排除。(2).A. nourish B. fosterC. feed D. tend（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。根据文意，正确的答案应该是C：feed“喂养，饲养”。A：nourish也有“饲养”的意思，不过一般指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用营养品促进生长；B：foster是“领养，培养”的意思；D：tend是“照料，照顾”的意思，均可以排除。(3).
