1、Designation: D3950 17Standard Specification forStrapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonmetallic strapping andj
3、oining methods intended for use in closing, reinforcing, andbundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, andbracing for car loading and truck loading.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI
4、units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 12, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is t
5、he responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, andenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6、ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Env
7、iron-mentsD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for Testing2.2 Other Standards:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Attributes3ANSI/ASQC Z1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Vari
8、ables for Percent Nonconforming33. Terminology3.1 For general definitions of packaging and distributionenvironments, see Terminology D996.4. Classification4.1 Types and Grades:Type I Strapping, bonded rayon cord.Grade 1Light duty.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Type IA Strapping, Bonded, Compo
9、site or Woven polyester cord.Grade 1Light duty.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Grade 4Extra heavy duty.Grade 5Special duty.Grade 6Special duty.Grade 7Special duty.Type II Strapping, polypropylene plastic.Type III Strapping, nylon plastic.Type IV Strapping, polyester plastic.5. Ordering Informa
10、tion5.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:5.1.1 Type, grade, and dimensions required (see 4.1 and7.1),5.1.2 Length per coil (see 8.1),5.1.3 Joining method (see 6.2 and Note 1), type and sizerequired (if needed),5.1.4 If an embossed finish on strapping is desired orallowed (see Footn
11、ote in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3),5.1.5 Make and model of strapping equipment that thestrapping and joining method must work in, if applicable (seeNote 1),5.1.6 Coil dimensions (see 8.1),5.1.7 Level of packaging and packing if other than commer-cial (see Section 15), and1This specification is un
12、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D3950 16. DOI:10.1
13、520/D3950-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Inst
14、itute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standa
15、rdization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.1.8 ASTM designation and date of issue.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials shall b
16、e of the quality necessary to meet thephysical requirements within the allowable dimensions.6.1.1 Type IStrapping shall consist of longitudinal rayoncords bonded with a plastic binder so that a nonwoven materialis formed.6.1.1.1 Type IAStrapping shall consist of longitudinalpolyester cords either bo
17、nded with a plastic binder to form anonwoven material (Bonded); or encased in a polypropyleneextrusion (Composite); or woven with a weft thread and treatedwith a plastic binder to form a woven material (Woven).6.1.2 Type IIStrapping shall be an extruded, orientedpolypropylene.6.1.3 Type IIIStrapping
18、 shall be an extruded, orientednylon.TABLE 1 Breaking Strength of Type II Strapping (PP)Nominal Width Nominal ThicknessMinimumBreaking Strength0.030 in. (0.76 mm)0.0250 in. (0.635 mm) thick or less, 0.0025 in. (0.06 mm)0.0250 in. thick, 0.0030 in. (0.08 mm)in. (mm) in. (mm)Albf (N)B316 (5)0.0120 (0.
19、30) 80 (355)0.0145 (0.37) 100 (445)14 (6)0.0130 (0.033) 135 (600)0.0135 (0.34) 130 (580)0.0140 (0.36) 155 (690)0.0150 and 0.0160 (0.38 and 0.41) 180 (800)0.0173 (0.44) 190 (845)0.0250 (0.64) 200 (890)38 (9)0.0130 (0.33) 200 (890)0.0142 (0.36) 225 (1 000)0.0150 (0.38) 290 (1 290)0.0160 and 0.0173 and
20、 0.0181 (0.41 and 0.44 and 0.46) 270 (1 200)0.0180 (0.46) 250 (1 110)0.0200 (0.51) 390 (1 735)0.0230 (0.58) 450 (2 000)0.0248 (0.63) 460 (2 045)0.0250 (0.64) 400 (1 780)0.0295 (0.75) 540 (2 400)716 (11)0.0140 (0.036) 300 (1 335)0.0190 and 0.0201 (0.48 and 0.51) 350 (1 555)0.0215 (0.55) 450 (2 000)0.
21、0230 (0.58) 420 (1 870)0.0250 (0.64) 450 (2 000)12 (12)0.0150 (0.38) 390 (1 735)0.0170 (0.43) 350 (1 555)0.0190 (0.48) 400 (1 780)0.0200 (0.51) 530 (2 360)0.0220 (0.56) 450 (2 000)0.0250 (0.64) 660 (2 935)0.0255 (0.65) 540 (2 400)0.0260 (0.66) 550 (2 445)0.0300 (0.76) 810 (3 600)58 (16)0.0150 (0.38)
22、 500 (2 225)0.0200 (0.51) 680 (3 025)0.030 (0.76) 950 (4 225)0.0410 (1.04) 1050 (4 670)34 (19)0.0200 (0.51) 725 (3 225)0.0410 (1.04) 1 300 (5 785)114 (32)0.0350 (0.89) 2 200 (9 785)0.0500 (1.27) 3 100 (13 790)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvil micrometer shall hav
23、e an embossed finish which yields an overall nominal thickness no greaterthan twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strapping of the same width and breaking strength.BRange of elongation at break is from 7 to 35 %.TABLE 2 Breaking Strengths of Type III Strapping (Nylon)Nominal Widthof Strap
24、ping,in. (mm)Nominal Thicknessof Strapping, in. (mm)AMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)B716 (11.1) 0.017 (0.43)0.023 (0.58)0.029 (0.74)420 (1870)560 (2490)700 (3110)12 (12.7) 0.015 (0.38) 420 (1870)0.020 (0.51) 560 (2490)0.025 (0.64) 700 (3110)0.030 (0.76) 900 (4000)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the s
25、trapping as measured by a flat anvil micrometershall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominal thickness nogreater than twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strapping of the samewidth and breaking strength.BRange of elongation at break is from 12 to 25 %.D3950 1726.1.4 Type I
26、VStrapping shall be an extruded, orientedpolyester.6.2 Joining MethodsIf seals or buckles are to be used,they shall be steel and have a coating of zinc, black iron oxide,or equivalent protection from corrosion, or buckles may bemade of plastic.NOTE 1Bonded, woven and composite Type 1A strappings eac
27、h mayrequire different joining methods (buckles), tensioning tools and dispens-ers.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Breaking Strength and Elongation (see 12.2):7.1.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall conform to thebreaking strengths and elongations prescribed in Table 4 andTable 5.7.1.2 Type II strappin
28、g shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 1.7.1.3 Type III strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 2.7.1.4 Type IV strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 3. 7.2 Joint Strengt
29、h (see 12.3).TABLE 3 Breaking Strength of Type IV Strapping (PET)Nominal Width Nominal ThicknessMinimumBreaking Strength0.030 in. (0.76 mm) 0.0025 in. (0.06 mm)in. (mm) in. (mm)Albf (N)B38 (9)0.0150 (0.38) 310 (1 380)0.0190 (0.48) 390 (1 735)0.0200 (0.51) 420 (1 870)0.0205 (0.52) 400 (1 780)716(11)0
30、.0160 (0.41) 360 (1 600)0.0195 (0.50) 430 (1 910)0.0200 and 0.0205 (0.51 and 0.52) 460 (2 045)0.0220 (0.56) 500 (2 225)0.0240 (0.61) 560 (2 490)0.0255 (0.65) 575 (2 560)0.0265 (0.67) 600 (2 670)12 (12)0.0150 (0.38) 420 (1 870)0.0168 and 0.0170 (0.43) 470 (2 090)0.0175 (0.44) 470 (2 090)0.0200 and 0.
31、0205 (0.51 and 0.52) 560 (2 490)0.0250 (0.64) 700 (3 115)0.0275 and 0.0280 (0.70 and 0.71) 750 (3 435)0.0300 (0.76) 850 (3 780)58 (16)0.0200 (0.51) 700 (3 115)0.0250 (0.64) 870 (3 870)0.0300 (0.76) 1 000 (4 450)0.0350 (0.89) 1 300 (5 780)0.0360 (0.91) 1 150 (5 115)0.0400 (1.02) 1 500 (6 670)0.0450 (
32、1.14) 1 600 (7 120)58C(16)0.0350 and 0.0400 and 0.0410 (0.89 and 1.02 and 1.04) 1 200 (5 340)0.0360 (0.91) 1 150 (5 115)0.0380 (0.097) 1 200 (5 340)34 (19)0.0400 (1.02) 1 750 (7 785)0.0500 (1.27) 2 250 (10 010)0.0550 (1.40) 2 400 (10 680)0.0600 (1.52) 2 500 (11 120)1 (25)0.0400 (1.02) 2 300 (10 230)
33、0.0500 (1.27) 2 800 (12 455)114 (32)0.0320 (0.82) 2 250 (10 010)0.0400 (1.02) 2 800 (12 455)0.0500 (1.27) 3 750 (16 680)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvil micrometer shall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominal thickness no greaterthan twice the n
34、ominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strapping of the same width and breaking strength.BUltimate Elongation Range: 5 to 20% (Standard Elongation PET), 10 to 25% (High Elongation PET).CDenotes High Elongation (H.E.) PET strapping.TABLE 4 Breaking Strengths of Type I Bonded Rayon CordStrappingNominal W
35、idthof Strapping,in. (mm)GradeMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)A14 (6.4) 2 235 (1 045)38 (9.0) 12290 (1 290)350 (1 555)12 (12.7) 12410 (1 820)465 (2 070)58 (16.0) 123525 (2 335)585 (2 600)765 (3 400)34 (19.0) 123640 (2 845)700 (3 110)900 (4 000)114 (32.0) 3 1 575 (7 005)ARange of elongation at break
36、 is from 10 to 15 %.D3950 1737.2.1 Type I and Type IA Grade 1 and Grade 2 joinedstrapping shall have a strength of not less than 45% of theminimum breaking strength of the strapping grade and sizelisted in Table 4 and Table 5.7.2.2 Type IA Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, andGrade 7 joined strapp
37、ing shall have a strength of not less than55 % of the minimum breaking strength of the strapping gradeand size listed in Table 5. Test data are available to substantiatethis conclusion.7.2.3 Types II, III, and IV joined strapping shall have astrength of not less than 45 % of the minimum breakingstre
38、ngth corresponding to the dimensions of the strap listed inTable 1, Table 2,orTable 3.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 The minimum length per coil of strapping shall befurnished as specified in the following tables according to type,grade, size, and coil width unless specified otherwise i
39、n thecontract or purchase order. The coil shall be an oscillating orribbon wind.8.1.1 Type I and Type IA StrappingSee Table 6.8.1.2 Type II StrappingSee Table 7.8.1.3 Type III StrappingSee Table 8.8.1.4 Type IV StrappingSee Table 9.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Type I and Type IA strappi
40、ng shall be straight, clean,have good webbing, and be free of cracks and other defects thatmay affect the serviceability.9.2 Types II, III, and IV strapping shall be straight, clean,and free of kinks, edge curvature, cracks, and other defects thatmay affect the serviceability.9.3 Splices may be made
41、 if they do not affect the service-ability of the strapping in strapping equipment and have abreak strength equal to at least 50% of the strap break strength.No more than one splice per coil will be permitted.10. Sampling Plan10.1 Where it can be demonstrated that a suppliers qualitycontrol system p
42、rovides a similar degree of assurance as thatobtained through the use of this specification, the supplier mayuse that system in place of the system described in thisspecification. In case of conflict, provisions set forth inANSI/ASQC Z1.4 shall be used.10.2 Lot SizeThe lot size shall be expressed in
43、 units ofcoils or joining methods, or both, and shall consist of allproducts of one type, grade, and size offered for acceptance atone time.TABLE 5 Breaking Strengths of Type IA Bonded or WovenPolyester Cord StrappingNominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)GradeMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)A14 (6.4) 2
44、3300 (1 335)540 (2 400)38 (9.0) 123300 (1 335)450 (2 000)780 (3 480)12 (12.7) 1 400 (1 780)2 600 (2 670)3 1 050 (4 670)4 1 360 (6 050)58 (16.0) 1 500 (2 225)2 725 (3 225)3 1 310 (5 830)4 1 650 (7 340)34 (19.0) 2 900 (4 000)3 1 585 (7 060)4 1 830 (8 150)5 2 600 (11 570)1 (25.0) 2 1 200 (5 338)3 2 100
45、 (9 341)4 2 600 (11 570)5 3 500 (15 569)114 (32.0) 2 1 830 (8 150)3 2 105 (9 370)4 3 285 (14 620)5 4 200 (18 680)112 (38.0) 4 4 400 (19 570)5 5 400 (24 030)158 (40.0) 6 7 700 (34 265)7 11 000 (48 950)ARange of elongation at break is from 9 to 15 %.TABLE 6 Minimum Feet Per Coil for Type I and Type IA
46、 StrappingNominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)AGradeMinimum feet(metres) per 512-in.(140-mm) WideCoil (Mill-wound Coil)Minimumfeet(metres)(Ribbon-woundCoil)14 (6.4) 2 7 800 (2 380)3 8 250 (2 520)38 (9.0) 1, 2 and34 950 (1 510)12 (12.7) 1 and 2 3 900 (1 190)3 4 170 (1 270)4 3 300 (1 010)58 (16.0) 1 and
47、 2 3 000 (910)3 3 300 (1 010)4 2 490 (760)34 (19.0) 2 2 100 (640)3 2 490 (760)4 1 655 (500)5 1 200 (365)1 (25.0) 2 1 800 (549)3 1 400 (400)4 1 200 (366)5 850 (259)114 (32.0) 2 and 3 330 (100)4 1 082 (330) 330 (100)5 450 (145)112 (38.0) 4 900 (275) 600 (180)5 750 (230) 480 (145)158 (40.0) 6 and 7 670
48、 (204) 330 (100)AThe width tolerance shall be +132 in. ( + 0.79 mm) and 332 in. (2.37 mm).D3950 17410.3 Unit SampleOne coil or one joining method shall beconsidered a unit. A minimum of 10 ft (3.05 m) per coil ofstrapping is required to perform the tests.10.4 Rate of SamplingThe rate of sampling sha
49、ll be inaccordance with ANSI/ASQC Z1.9; Table A-2 reduced inspec-tion level shall be used.11. Number of Tests11.1 TestsFor the determination of break strength,elongation, transverse strength, and sealed joint strength, anaverage of three specimens per coil shall be considered acomplete test.TABLE 7 Minimum Feet (Metres) Per Coil; Type II Strapping (PP)NominalWidthANominalThicknessBft (m), min 0.030 in.(0.76mm)0.0250 in. (0.635 mm) thick or less,0.0025 in. (0.06 mm)
