1、Designation: F2090 17Standard Specification forWindow Fall Prevention Devices With Emergency Escape(Egress) Release Mechanisms1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses window fall prevention devices that protect againstpotenti
3、al falls by children aged five years and under through open windows. Window fall preventiondevices currently available include window opening control devices (WOCDs), window fallprevention screens, and some types of window guards. These devices use different strategies toprevent children from fallin
4、g through open windows. Window opening control devices (WOCDs)restrict the size of the open area of the window so that it is too small for a young child to fall through.They do this by allowing the window opening to be set at a predetermined position. Window fallprevention screens and fall preventio
5、n window guards provide a barrier to prevent a child from fallingthrough an open window.A special study2by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) indicates that youngchildren are at risk of death and serious injury from falls through open windows. Children aged fiveand younger account fo
6、r a higher percentage of window fall fatalities and injuries.3Window fall prevention devices usually differ in purpose and application from security/burglar bars.The general purpose of a window fall prevention device is to prevent a child age five or younger fromfalling through an open window. The g
7、eneral purpose of a security bar is to prevent unlawful entrythrough a window. Generally window fall prevention devices and security bars are two separatedevices. However, a security bar could be used as a fall prevention device if it meets the requirementsof this specification.The CPSC has advised
8、caregivers to open windows less than 4 in. when children are present as onemeans to prevent child falls through open windows. Window opening control devices (WOCDs)provide a means that the window, when opened in an initial operation, will satisfy the CPSCrecommendation to open less than 4 in.4The 4-
9、in. dimension is drawn from related building codes andstandards for openings in guardrail assemblies,5and is universally accepted as the appropriatedimension to prevent a child from passing through balcony or guard railing systems. An additionaloperation is required to open the window further. The a
10、dditional operation must be performed withoutthe use of keys, tools, or special knowledge. Security from forced entry is not within the scope of thisstandard and is not the intended function of any of the devices referred to herein.The intent of this update to the standard is to improve the clarity
11、of performance and labelingrequirements and to reorganize the sections such that the general requirements, performance tests,safety information, labeling requirements, and installation instructions are separated by device type.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onCon
12、sumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.38 onWindow Fall Prevention.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2090 13. DOI:10.1520/F2090-17.2U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commissio
13、n, Special Window Falls Study,conducted in 1991.3U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Special Window Falls Study,conducted in 1991 and “Window Safety: Data and Patterns Related to Entrapmentsand Accidental Falls from Windows,” prepared by Andersen Corporation.Supporting data have been filed atAS
14、TM International Headquarters and may beobtained by requesting Research Report RR:F15-1002.4Consumer Product Safety Commission, “Preventing Window Falls,” Document#5124.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international
15、 standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1
16、1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes requirements for devicesintended to address the risk of injury and death associated withaccidental falls through open windows by children five yearsold and younger.1.2 This specification is not intended to meet the uniquerequirements of Americans With Disab
17、ilities Act (ADA).1.3 This specification applies to window fall preventiondevices, including window opening control devices (WOCDs),window fall prevention screens, and fall prevention windowguards, that are to be used on operable windows, includingthose that are designated for emergency escape (egre
18、ss) andrescue (ingress).NOTE 1A separate safety specification, Safety Specification F2006,covers window fall prevention devices for non-emergency escape (egress)and rescue (ingress) windows in installations more than 75 ft6(23 m)above ground level in multiple family dwelling buildings since windowsa
19、t these heights are beyond the reach of rescue ladders currently in use.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This stan
20、dard does not purport to address all safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,health, and environmental practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This internation
21、al standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committ
22、ee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:7F977 Consumer Safety Specification for Infant WalkersF1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Play-ground Equipment for Public UseF2006 Safety Specification for Window Fall PreventionDevices for Non-Emergency Escape (Egress) and Rescue(Ingress
23、) Windows2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:816 CFR 1500.53 Test Methods for Simulating Use andAbuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Over 36 But Not Over 96 Months of Age, (f)(3)Testing Procedure16 CFR 1508.6(b) Requirements for Full-Size Baby CribsCPSC 16 CFR Chapter II Part 120
24、1 Safety Standard forArchitectural Glazing Materials2.3 ANSI Standards:9ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and LabelsANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Instructions in ProductManuals, Instructions and Other Collateral MaterialsANSI Z97.1 Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings Safety Performance Specificat
25、ions and Methods of Test(Tempered Glass Impact Test)ANSI/BHMAA156.9 American National Standard for Cabi-net HardwareANSI/SMA 1201 Specification for Insect Screens forWindows, Sliding Doors and Swinging Doors2.4 AAMA Standards:10AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/IS.2/A440 North American Fen-estration Standard/Specif
26、ication for Windows, Doors, andSkylights (NAFS)AAMA 902 Voluntary Specification for Sash Balances3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 aftermarket, adjreferring to a product or device thatis manufactured separately from a window but is intended to beused in conjuncti
27、on with a window. For purposes of thisstandard, such a device is intended to be attached to or near awindow or its frame in order to prevent a young child frompassing or falling through the window when the window isopened.3.1.2 emergency escape (egress) and rescue (ingress)window, na window intended
28、 for emergency escape (egress)and rescue (ingress) during an emergency situation such as fire,gas leak, etc., as defined by the prevailing applicable buildingand fire codes.3.1.3 fall prevention window guard, ndevice designed tofit into or onto a window to prevent a child from passing orfalling thro
29、ugh an open window. Typically mounted on theinterior frame of the window and includes side frames fastenedto the sides of a window frame and a plurality of spaced-apart,transverse, tubular, width-adjustable crosspiece elements toform a grid pattern between the side supports to preventpassage of a ch
30、ild. See Appendix X3 for examples.3.1.4 release mechanism for emergency escape (egress) andrescue (ingress) window fall prevention device, nmeans ofopening a window fall prevention screen or fall preventionwindow guard or releasing a window opening control device(WOCD) to provide a clear opening spa
31、ce for the purpose ofemergency escape or rescue.3.1.5 window, nan opening constructed in a wall or a roofto admit light or air, or both, to any enclosure.3.1.6 window fall, na fall through an open window.5See NFPA 101, 2012 Edition, Section 7.2.2.4.5.3. Also see Section R312.1.3guard opening limitat
32、ions in the 2012 and 2015 International Residential Code(IRC).62006 International Building Code, Section 403.1, Special Provisions forGroups B and R1, January 2000.7For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
33、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.8Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.9Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, N
34、Y 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.10Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association, 1900 E.Golf Road, Suite 1250, Schaumburg, IL 60173, http:/www.aamanet.org/index.asp.F2090 1723.1.7 window fall prevention device, nany device intendedto prevent a young child from passing or falling throug
35、h anopen window. Such a device may be an integral part of awindow, or may be attached to the window, its frame, or thearea around the window after the window has been installed.3.1.8 window fall prevention screen, nscreen device de-signed to fit into or onto a window to prevent a child frompassing o
36、r falling through an open window. Typically mountedon the exterior surface/frame of a sliding style window and onthe interior of a cranking style window and includes screeningmesh or material and attachment mechanism(s) of sufficientstrength to meet the performance requirements of this standardwhile
37、 preventing passage of a child. See Appendix X4 forexamples.3.1.9 window opening control device (WOCD), ndevicethat controls a window sash opening to be opened with normaloperation of the sash such as to prohibit the free passage of a4.0-in. (102-mm) diameter rigid sphere11at the lowest openingporti
38、on of the window opening, with a release mechanism thatshall allow the sash to be opened to a larger opening area suchas that required for emergency escape and rescue, and thatautomatically resets when the window sash is fully closed. SeeAppendix X5 for examples.3.1.9.1 controlled open position, nma
39、ximum open posi-tion of a window sash, when the window opening controldevice(s) (WOCD(s) is engaged, that prohibits the free pas-sage of a 4-in. (102-mm) diameter rigid sphere.WINDOW FALL PREVENTION SCREENS AND FALLPREVENTION WINDOW GUARD DEVICES4. General Requirements4.1 Window fall prevention scre
40、ens or fall prevention win-dow guard devices shall be constructed so as to prohibit thefree passage of a 4.0-in. (102-mm) diameter rigid sphere12anywhere in the window opening (as required by applicablecodes for that jurisdiction), during or after testing as specifiedin 5.1 5.4, when the window fall
41、 prevention screen or fallprevention window guard device is installed in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions.4.2 The distance between window fall prevention screen orfall prevention window guard device structural members orcomponents after all testing is conducted shall not exceed 4.0in. (
42、102 mm) when a 60-lbf13(267-N) direct force is applied inaccordance with the test method in 5.2.4.3 Releasable window fall prevention screen or fall pre-vention window guard devices shall be free of sharp projec-tions and edges.4.4 Releasable window fall prevention screens or fall pre-vention window
43、 guard devices shall not interfere with theoperation, function or performance of the window to applicablestandards and shall not violate light, ventilation, and emer-gency escape and rescue requirements of the applicable build-ing code.4.5 Window fall prevention screens or fall prevention win-dow gu
44、ard devices shall be designed with release mechanismsto allow for emergency escape (egress) without the need forspecial tools or special knowledge.4.5.1 Operation of emergency escape (egress) mechanismsshall be accomplished with a minimum amount of effort fromthe inside of the building, whether the
45、window fall preventionscreen and fall prevention window guard device is mountedinside or outside the building.4.5.2 Release of the emergency escape (egress) mechanismshall require no more than 15 lbf (66 N) of force.144.5.3 To protect against inadvertent operation by a youngchild, the emergency esca
46、pe (egress) release mechanism(s)shall require two distinct actions to operate.15Opening thewindow fall prevention screen or fall prevention window guardshall not count as one of these actions.4.5.4 The emergency escape (egress) release mechanismshall operate properly in all types of weather.4.5.5 Em
47、ergency escape (egress) releases shall have theiroperating mechanisms clearly identified for proper use in anemergency.4.5.6 Neither the window fall prevention screens or fallprevention window guard devices nor the emergency escape(egress) release mechanism shall reduce the exitable area of thewindo
48、w unit below what is required by applicable codes.4.5.7 The location of the release mechanism to be used toopen the window fall prevention screens or fall preventionwindow guard devices shall be visible.4.6 Window fall prevention screens or fall prevention win-dow guard devices, if hinged, shall be
49、hinged on one side (nottop or bottom) to provide easy escape (egress) and if interiormounted shall not operate outward.4.7 Once released, window fall prevention screen or fallprevention window guard devices shall not re-engage untilmanually closed.4.8 Releasable window fall prevention screen or fall pre-vention window guard devices shall be designed in a mannerthat does not accommodate the use of locking devices whichrequire special knowledge or tools to operate, such as combi-nation locks or keyed locks, whereby the device could belocked in a closed posi
