1、2012-2013学年北京市东城区（南片）高一上学期期末考试英语试卷与答案（带解析） 其他 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据空白处的首字母填一个词，使文章逻辑通顺，意义连贯，语法准确。 The Great President As the f 【小题 1】 of the republic, the president had many good q 【小题 2】 . Before coming to p 【小题 3】 , he was a g 【小题 4】 lawyer. He was willing to selflessly help everyone who turned to him.
2、He accepted no fee to offer legal g 【小题 5】 and opinions to those who were out of work or uneducated. Later, believing all mankind to be e 【小题 6】 , he d 【小题 7】 himself to stopping the unfair anti-black laws. He set up the Black Youth League and was voted to be the leader. However, though he kept peac
3、eful principles without v 【小题 8】 or terror, his mean enemies still blew up his house and a 【小题 9】 his relatives, and he himself couldnt escape being s 【小题 10】 to 30 years in prison. 答案： 【小题 1】 founder 【小题 2】 qualities 【小题 3】 power 【小题 4】 generous 【小题 5】 guidance 【小题 6】 equal 【小题 7】 devoted 【小题 8】 vi
4、olence 【小题 9】 attaeked 【小题 10】 sentenced 试题分析： 【小题 1】 founder 名词奠基者 founder,该词是由动词 found转换而来。 【小题 2】 qualities 名词品质 quality因为前面有 many修饰，故使用复数形式。 【小题 3】 power 固定词组 come to power上台执政。 【小题 4】 generous 形容词一般的 generous，他只是一个很普通的律师。 【小题 5】 guidance 名词指导 guidance，该词是由动词 guide转换而来。 【小题 6】 equal 形容词平等的 equal
5、，注意该词组成的短语 be equal to 与 平等。 【小题 7】 devoted 固定短语 devoteto 致力于 【小题 8】 violence 名词暴力 violence，注意该词是由形容词 violent转换而来。 【小题 9】 attacked 动词攻击 attack。注意该词的拼写，要区别与 attach,attract. 【小题 10】 sentenced 动词判处 sentence。该词组成 sentence sb to 判处某人犯 罪。 考点：考查单词短语的识记和拼写 试题分析：单词拼写考察实词居多，特别应注意名词单复数的变化，动词时态语态的变化，形容词和副词的变化，以
6、及虚拟语气等具体语法的使用。 单项选择 * Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _. A takes off B is taking off C has taken off D took off 答案： B 试题分析：考查时态，本题中考查的是现在进行时代替将来时，现在进行时代替将来时表示的是按照事先安排好的事情，且动词必须是一些表示位置变化的动词。本题均符合。句意：先生们，女士们，请系好安全带，飞机马上就要起飞了。故 B正确。 考点：考查将来时 点评：考查将来时的表达法。 Be to do sth 表示计
7、划的事情；表示注定要做某事；也可以 表示命令做某事，相当于 have to, must， should; will表示一般的将来，或者临时决定做某事； be going to do sth表示按照计划安排要做某事；或者根据某种迹象要做某事； be about to do sth即将做某事，不与表示将来时的时间状语连用。现在进行时表示一般将来时，表示按照计划安排要发生的事情，且动词要是一些表示位置变化的动词。 Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A should have arrived B should arri
8、ve C had arrived D should be arriving 答案： A 试题分析：考查情态动词用法。 Should have done本应该做某事，实际上却未做；根据后面的 did说明是对过去发生的情况的推测。句意：怀特先生本应该在 8点 30来参加会议的，但是他没有出现。故 A正确。 考点：考查情态动词用法 点评：本题是高考必考考点，一定要牢记句型意思。 must have done过去肯定做了某事。 should have done 本应该做而实际未做。 cant have done 过去不可能做了某事； shouldnt have done 本不应该做而实际做了。 nee
9、d have done 本有必要做某事； neednt have done 本没有必要做某事；注意没有 mustnt have done的形式。 When will you come to see me, Dad I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A finish B are finished C will finish D are finishing 答案： A 试题分析：考查时态。在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中要使用一般现在时代替将来时，句意： 爸爸，你什么时候来看我？ 当你完成本句培训课程的时候，我就来看你。故 A正
10、确。 考点：考查时态 点评：本题考查了时间状语从句和条件句中的时态，在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中要使用一般现在时代替将来时，主句中使用将来时。 A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A will be built B is built C has been builk D is being built 答案： D 试题分析：考查时态。本句的关键词是 next month，这是一个将来时的表达法，说明现在这个电影院正在被修建，还没有完成。句意：一座新的电影院正在被修建，他们希望下个月完工。故 D正确。 考点：考查时态 点
11、评：英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。现在完成时的这一用法常用 ever, never以及表示次数的词或短语作时间状语。 An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A will hold B is to be held C are holding D are to
12、 be held 答案： B 试题分析：考查时态。本题使用的是 be to do sth表示将来时。本句的时间状语是 next week， Be to do sth表示计划的事情；表示注定要做某事；也可以表示命令做某事，相当于 have to, must， should。句意：下个星期一次艺术展要在博物馆里被举行。故 B正确。 考点：考查将来时的表达法 点评：时态题要抓住关键的时间状语， Be to do sth表示计划的事情；表示注定要做某事；也可以表示命令做某事，相当于 have to, must， should。 Catherine had the Amber Room moved to
13、 a palace outside St. Petersburg _ she spent her summers. A where B which C that D at which 答案： A 试题分析：考查定语从句。本题的先行词是 St. Petersburg，定语从句中的句子结构很完整，故使用关系副词 where=in which。故 A正确。 考点：考查定语从句 点评：定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词 that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语； where, why, how在句中做状语。要分析句子成分，看缺少什
14、么成分，就选用相应的关系词。 The doctor _ she sent her friend is very well known. A by whom B at whom C whom D to whom 答案： D 试题分析：考查定语从句中的介词搭配。本句中的 to是动词短语 send her friend to 中的介词。句意：她送她的朋友去的那个医生是很著名的。故 D正确。 考点：考查定语从句中的介词 点评：本题是把定语从句中的介词提前到关系词的前面，定语从句的关系词前面的介词有三种来源：先行词的固定搭配，定语从句中的固定搭配，以及根据句子的意思选择的介词。 Do you know
15、the factory, _ products are of high quality A which B whose C that D its 答案： B 试题分析：考查定语从句。在定语从句中，关系代词 whose指代先行词在句中做定语修饰名词，先行词可以是人，也可以是物。句意：你知道那家工厂吗？他的产品质量很好。故 B正确。 考点：考查定语从句 点评：本题考查的是 whose引导的定语从句， whose的先行词可以是人也可以是物，在句中做定语。 Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A what
16、B that C which D it 答案： C 试题分析：考查定语从句。本题中的 which指代前面一句话的内容，在句中做主语，引导非限制性定语从句。 A/D项不能引导定语从句， that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故 C正确。 考点：考查定语从句 点评：定语从句中的考查较多的一项就是非限制性定语， which通常引导非限制性定语从句，该词可以指代一句话的内容，在句中做主语，宾语等。 I am going to meet Tom _ they say is a good boy. A who B whom C whose D which 答案： A 试题分析：考查定语从句。本题的先行词是 T
17、om，定语从句中缺少主语， they say是从句中的插入语，句意：我要去接他们说是一个好的男孩的 Tom。故 A正确。 考点：考查定语从句 点评：定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词 that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语； where, why, how在句中做状语。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。 完型填空 Four years ago, I felt lucky after escaping one of those terrible 2-mile runs. I hated running;
18、it was just something that 1 came easily to me. At that time, if you had told me that I would one day run a marathon, I d have told you honestly that I had a better 2 of winning the lottery（彩票） . The turning 3 came when I met Mrs. Green. She was fifty years old, going through chemotherapy（化学疗法） for
19、her cancer, and still managed to run 30 miles a week. I thought that if Mrs. Green could run 6 miles at a time, I could run at least two. In February, in cold weather, I started a 2-mile 4 around my neighborhood. Two months later, I 5 the running for the first time. I felt very tired, but I felt hap
20、py. Over the next several years, I continued to push each run for a few 6 minutes, slowly building my endurance（耐力） . I didnt need to 7 against other runners, for my most important competitor was myself. After continuing to 8 myself, I knew it was time to step my training up. I 9 I would train for t
21、he Detroit Free Press/Flagstar Marathon. The race day 10 came, and I was filled with excitement and worry. It was final time to see what I was made of. The 11 ended up surprisingly. I did 12 through the last few miles, but after my running, there was no doubt in my mind that Id finished. As I 13 the
22、 finish line, I experienced the strongest sense of 14 and happiness I had ever had in my life. I am now a marathoner. As John Bingham once said, “The miracle（奇迹） isnt that I finished. The miracle is that I had the 15 to start.” 【小题1】 A never B always C usually D often A belief B suggestion C chance
23、D hope A situation B stage C case D point A race B walk C hike D ride A closed B changed C finished D considered A perfect B extra C actual D basic A compete B go C speak D argue A treat B interest C challenge D enjoy A forced B decided C doubted D seemed A certainly B immediately C frequently D fin
24、ally A experience B moment C walk D reward A look B live C travel D struggle A toured B moved C crossed D stopped A touch B pride C humor D belonging A courage B ability C choice D thought 答案： 【小题 1】 A 【小题 2】 C 【小题 3】 D 【小题 4】 B 【小题 5】 C 【小题 6】 B 【小题 7】 A 【小题 8】 C 【小题 9】 B 【小题 10】 D 【小题 11】 A 【小题 12
25、】 D 【小题 13】 C 【小题 14】 B 【小题 15】 A 试题分析：本文通过自己从一个不喜欢跑步的人到最后参加马拉松比赛的故事告诉我们：奇迹不是我完成了，而是我有了开始的勇气和信心。 【小题 1】 A 副词辨析。 A从未 B总是 C通常 D经常；跑步对我来说从未是一件容易的事情。 【小题 2】 C 名词辨析。 A信念 B建议 C机会 D希望；老实说赢得彩票的机会比跑马拉松的机会更大。 【小题 3】 D 固定搭配。 The turning point转折点。 【小题 4】 B 名词辨析。 A跑步 B步行 C远足 D乘车；我从 2英里的步行开始了自己的锻炼生涯。 【小题 5】 C 动词辨
26、析。 A关闭 B改变 C完成 D考虑 ；我第一次完成了 2英里的跑步，很累但很开心。 【小题 6】 B 形容词辨析。 A完美 B额外 C实际上 D基础的；每年我都额外的增加几分钟的锻炼时间。 【小题 7】 A 动词辨析。 A竞争 B去 C说 D争论；我不需要和别人竞争，我需要的就是打败自己。 【小题 8】 C 动词辨析。 A对待 B使 感兴趣 C挑战 D喜欢；随着我继续挑战我自己。 【小题 9】 B 动词辨析。 A迫使 B决定 C怀疑 D似乎；我决定要去参加马拉松比赛。 【小题 10】 D 副词辨析。 A当然 B离开 C频繁 D最后，终于；那一天终于要来了。 【小题 11】 A 名词辨析。 A
27、经历 B时刻 C步行 D奖励；这次经历的结果出人意料。 【小题 12】 D 动词辨析。 A看见 B生活 C旅游 D挣扎；在最后几英里我确实很挣扎很努力。 【小题 13】 C 动词辨析。 A旅游 B移动 D跑过，冲过 D停止；在冲过终点的时候，我很骄傲。 【小题 14】 C 名词辨析。 A感动 B骄傲，自豪 C幽默 D财产；我有一种强烈的自豪感。 【小题 15】 A 名词辨析。 A信心 B能力 C选择 D思想；奇迹不是我完成了，而是我有了开始的勇气和信心。故 A正确。 考点：考查人生哲理类短文 点评：从本篇完型我们可以看出完形的考查趋势。突出考察学生词汇与结构，词汇与结构这部分既是 整个考试的基
28、础，也是本题考察的重点部分，在以后的复习中，要特别重视词汇与语法的复习，重视自己基础的夯实与提高，只有这样，才能以不变应万变，在高考中中立于不败之地。另外在答题注意上下文理解，同时结合逻辑推理进行答题，题目就能迎刃而。 阅读理解 A staycation is a vacation when you do not travel at all. Some people use a staycation to just stay at home, and others prefer to experience the attractions around them without travelin
29、g very far. There are many choices for staycations. Any town or city has plenty of choices for things to do if you know where to look. If the weather is nice, you can visit the local gardens or forests for a hike. You can look online for several historic places and create your own history tours. Of
30、course, you can also visit other attractions in the areas like museums, restaurants, bars, parks, beaches, and so on. Often, if you drive just a few hours, you can find a city that you can walk around and see. Then by driving home you can save the cost of a hotel and a plane ride. Others take the te
31、rm “staycation” word for word and do not leave their houses at all. Some choices for this can include taking time off to cook a great meal and enjoy it together or spending all day at a pool. Just as a coin has two sides, staycation has its advantages as well as disadvantages. Since you are not trav
32、eling or staying in a hotel, a staycation can be unbelievably costeffective（低成本的） . You dont have to pay for a hotel, so that cost has been completely eliminated. You are also saving by not driving very far and by not taking an airplane anywhere. Travel costs have become really high, and the farther
33、 you go, the higher they are. By staying close to home, you cut that cost by quite a bit. You are also pushing money back into your local economy（经济） by spending your money at local businesses rather than in cities that are far away from home. Finally, any stress that you feel with travel, whether t
34、hat is from driving long distances or looking for an airport, will completely disappear. 【小题 1】 For what purpose is the text written A To introduce the general information of staycatons. B To compare staycatons with other vacations. C To persuade more people to have staycations. D To provide differe
35、nt ways of staycations. 【小题 2】 What is one of the advantages of a staycation A The economy in other cities is also improved. B People spend nothing when staying at home. C You can visit local attractions for free. D There is no stress from traveling. 【小题 3】 What does the underlined word “eliminated”
36、 in Paragraph 5 probably means A included B removed C covered D raised 【小题 4】 What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph A When to take a staycation. B What disadvantages a staycation has. C Why people prefer a staycation. D How to have a staycation safely. 答案： 【小题 1】 A 【小题 2】 D 【小题
37、3】 B 【小题 4】 B 试题分析：知本文主要是介绍一种新型的度假方式 staycation并详细介绍了这种度假方式的优势和好处。 【小题 1】 A 主旨大意题。根据文章的主题段第一段可知本文主要是介绍一种新型的度假方式 staycation并详细介绍了这种度假方式的优势和好处，故 A正确。 【小题 2】 D 细节题。根据文章最后三行 Finally, any stress that you feel with travel, whether that is from driving long distances or looking for an airport, will complet
38、ely disappear.说明 staycation让我们没有一点压力，故 D正确。 【小题 3】 B 推理题。根据本句 You dont have to pay for a hotel, so that cost has been completely eliminated.你不必去付宾馆的钱，所以这个费用完全被去除了，故该词是 B项的意思。故 B正确。 【小题 4】 B 推理题。根据最后一段第一行 ust as a coin has two sides, staycation has its advantages as well as disadvantages.提出了 staycati
39、on有好有坏，在最后一段里只是提出了 staycation的好处，那么接下来最可能的就是讲述它的坏处，故B正确。 考点：考查社会知识类短文 点评：知本文主要是介绍一种新型的度假方式 staycation并详细介绍了这种度假方式的优势和好处，文章基本上是考查细节题，对此类题型考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案：。 Animals Can Sense Natural Disasters Among the dead in Sou
40、th Asia s tsunami（海啸） were many tourists at Sri Lanka s national wildlife park at Yala. But very few of the parks animals elephants, buffaloes, monkeys and wild cats appear to have died. There are theories that animals can sense natural disasters and run away to safety. First, its possible that the
41、animals may have heard the quake before the tsunami hit. The underwater burst produced sound waves known as infrasound（次声） . Humans cant hear infrasound, but many animals including dogs, elephants, tigers and pigeons can. A second early warning sign the animals might have sensed is ground vibration（
42、震动） . The great quake would have produced vibrational waves known as Rayleigh waves. These vibrations move through the ground like waves moving on the surface of the ocean but faster. They travel at ten times the speed of sound. The Rayleigh waves would have reached Sri Lanka hours before the water
43、hit. Mammals, birds, insects and spiders can sense Rayleigh waves. So the animals at Yala might have felt the Rayleigh waves and then run to higher ground. But what about humans While we cant hear infrasound, we can feel it, although we dont necessarily know were feeling it. We also experience Rayle
44、igh waves by special sensors in our joints（关节） , which exist just for that purpose. Sadly, it seems we dont pay attention to the information when we get it. Maybe we screen it out because theres so much going on before our eyes and in our ears. 【小题 1】 Why did few animals at Yala die when the tsunami
45、s that caused a huge number of human deaths hit A Because human beings cannot hear the infrasonic sound. B Because the animals were staying at a higher place in the park. C Because the animals were able to run much faster than human beings. D Because the animals might have picked up the danger signa
46、ls and ran away. 【小题 2】 Which of the statements about “Rayleigh waves” is true A Rayleigh waves can be felt both by animals and human beings. B Rayleigh waves, just like infrasonic sound, can only be felt by animals. C Rayleigh waves are vibrational waves that usually cause quakes or tsunamis. D Ray
47、leigh waves move on the ocean surface at a speed ten times that of sound waves. 【小题 3】 According to the passage, which of the statement is true A We cant feel the infrasound so we cant be informed of the danger. B We ignore the information of tsunamis coming even though we can also get it. C We were
48、 so busy on our minds that we feel neither infrasound nor Rayleigh waves. D We can feel Rayleigh waves and infrasound so we can escape the danger like animals. 答案： 【小题 1】 D 【小题 2】 A 【小题 3】 B 试题分析：本文分析了动物为什么可以逃开自然灾害？尤其分析了在这次的海啸中很多的短文逃生的原因。 【小题 1】 D 细节题。根据第一段最后一句 There are theories that animals can sense natural disasters and run away to safety.说明动物似乎已经能够感觉到危险，会早点逃开。 D正确。 【小题 2】 A 细节题。根据文章 3,4段 We also experience Rayleigh waves by special sensors in our joints（关节） , which exist just for t
