1、Taking the Byte out of Bits: Lighting Design, Installation, and Operation in the Digital Age,Seminar #21 May 7, 2003 4:00 PM,Richard Miller RNM Engineering Wayne Morrow Starfield Controls,How we got here and why general lighting control is the last major building system to go digital.,What is DALI?,
2、a famous artist, a lighting control system,As a potato is.,a platform,to Mr. Potato Head,Implementation can be flexible and creative,The Digital Revolution - History,1880 Morse Code developed by Samuel Morse. 1938 Claude Shannon lays foundation of digital computers by recognizing that relays can mim
3、ic Boolean logic gates. 1968 First commercial PLC for industrial controls. 1991 HVAC DDC controls replace Pneumatics. Security and Access Control follow quickly. 1991 Tridonic introduces first digital ballast. 2000 DALI published as IEC standard. 2001 Lighting Industry recognizes DALI.,“DALI is the
4、most significant advancement in lighting standardization since Edisons introduction of the screw-in light bulb over a hundred years ago” Elwyn Gee, Judges Citation Award presentation, LightFair 02 Judge.,Quote:,Why has it taken so long,Lighting is big and distributed Lots of devices Advanced technol
5、ogy High noise environment Cost constraints,DALI = Digital Addressable Lighting Interface - IEC 60929 Annex E4,a communication standard and protocol,www.DALI-AG.org,Kommunikation,Kommunikation Betriebsgert = Steuergert: Lampenfehler“,DALI Steuereinheit,BG,Lampe defekt,Simplifed and Consistent Wiring
6、,2 wire power & network Non-polarized Standard material and methods Class 1 or 2 wiring (in or outside of conduit) Low voltage and power limited (3 W per bus),Line,N,DA,DA,Operating Features,Soft zoning Open Systems (International, non-proprietary, published standard) Interoperable equipment Multi-s
7、tation Local and global control,Stakeholder Benefits,Designer Simplicity, flexibility, modular, generic rough-in, multi-station, soft-zoning Installer Simplicity (2-wire non-polarized), standard materials and methods, in or outside of conduit. Owner quick turn-time, tenant billing, quality of space
8、User individual workstation control, convenience, scenes, access through wireless computers Maintenance quick response, lamp & ballast failure reporting, energy monitoring, small replacement inventory, open systems, component interoperability,Control Methods,Light Switches,a,b,ab,a,b,Hardwired Local
9、 control,Network,Relays & Dim Modules,a,b,ab,a,b,Central Control Panel Systems,Hardwired Local & global control,Device-level Peer-to-Peer Networking,a,b,c,P,c,M,c,DALI vs 10baseT Ethernet,DALI Bit,Ethernet Bit,x10,x1000,x100,Reliability Big, Slow, Tough,Energy Features,ASHRAE 90.1 and CA 2005 Title
10、24 CompliantEnergy MonitoringTenant BillingOpen and closed loop daylight dimmingMotion sensor interfaceSweep with manual overrideIndividual DimmingLoad shedPeak shaving,Device 10-20 devices per loop,Local - DALI (Slow - 1.2 Kbs) 64 addresses & 16 groups per loop,Global - Ethernet, TCP/IP, Internet (
11、Fast - 10-100 Mbs) Unlimited IP addresses,Network Layer Schematic,Network Hierarchy,Global Management,User Interface & System Management,HVAC Security Access Fire Alarm Nurse Call,DALI Lighting,Integration,Details of DALI,Control Interface: Bits and Bytes,Address (one specific ballast) 0AAAAAA1 + CC
12、CCCCCC , 0AAAAAA0 + arc power Broadcast (all ballasts) 11111111 + CCCCCCCC , 11111110 + arc power Group 100GGGG1 + CCCCCCCC , 100GGGG0 + arc power “Go To Scene”: 0AAAAAA1 + 0001SSSS 11111111 + 0001SSSS 100GGGG1 + 0001SSSS,Control Interface: No Collision Detection,Assumes only one sending device Ball
13、asts talk only when queried No checking for simultaneous commands Control manufacturers must provide collision detection,Protocol: Command Set,Current command set is for ballasts only. 100 commands defined (with space for future commands) Ability to program, control and monitor status information,Ba
14、llast Commands: To Ballast,Off Step Up Step Down, On and Step Up Set Max Step Down and Off Set Min Go to Max Go to Min Up to Max Down to Min,Fade to Level Set Actual Level Set Power On Level Set System Failure Level Set Fade Time Set Fade Rate Set Scene Go to Scene Remove from Scene Set Group Remove
15、 from Group,Ballast Commands: Information from Ballast,Actual Level, Power ON Level System Failure Level Max Min Group Assignment,Scene Level Fade Time Random Address Version Number Device Type,Simplest of DALI Systems,DALI Ballast,DALI Controller,DALI Power Supply 16 VDC,DALI Bus,Wiring Friendly,DA
16、LI Ballast,DALI Ballast,DALI Ballast,DALI Relay,DALI Switch,DALI Switch,DALI PS&G,Lighting Panel,HNGDD,DALI Bus,Lighting Circuit,Every ballast, switch and relay are wired the same regardless of location in circuit.,Lighting Panel and DALI Cabinet,Used for ON/OFF control of non- DALI loads. Used for:
17、 Non DALI lighting loads Audio Video Equipment Shades / Blinds,DALI Relay Module,Power Wiring,DALI Bus,NON DALI Ballast or other load,Power Relay,Control of a Non-DALI Device,2,4,10,5,8,11,14,16,12,27,25,24,31,37,3,28,36,32,29,35,34,39,15,18,17,22,19,30,33,1,6,7,9,13,38,26,23,20,21,0,Free Topology B
18、us not restricted to chains or stars,DALI Power Supply and Gateway,DALI Bus,DALI Ballast,Prepared by: Charles Knuffke,Traditional Wiring for Conference Room - 9 homeruns,S,DALI Wiring for Conference Room - 1 homerun,S,Decide DALI Bus to run with Lighting CircuitMax loading of circuits based on light
19、ing wattsMax DALI addresses per DALI busDALI ballast and DALI controllers consume powerDALI power supply is limited to 250 maActual power supply may be only 150 ma,DALI Design Parameters,Control Interface: Electrical,Voltage 0 VDC (+/- 4.5V) to 16VDC (9.5V to 22.5V) Voltage drop must not exceed 2 vo
20、lts Loss of control voltage lamps go to preset level Current 2 ma consumption, able to sink 250 ma Power Remote power supply of 250 ma Speed 1,200 bits/sec Must be able to withstand live voltage,Voltage Drop must not exceed 2 volts,LEED CI - EA Credit 1.1,Reduce lighting power density to 30% below t
21、he Standard, (2 LEED points),DALI Commissioning,Many more points than ever before More capabilities means more settings to deal with All components must be completely installed If power is shut off to DALI bus, all lamps go to 100% by default. Use “Broadcast” command to verify wiring integrity Reass
22、ign short address in logical sequence,2,4,10,5,8,11,14,16,12,27,25,24,31,37,3,28,36,32,29,35,34,39,15,18,17,22,19,30,33,1,6,7,9,13,38,26,23,20,21,0,Prepared by: Charles Knuffke,Random Addressing automatically per DALI protocol,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,16,17,18,26,27,13,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,36,37,38,39,40,2
23、5,24,9,11,12,14,15,35,19,20,21,23,10,Readdress Sequentially manual effort, well worth the time,Excel Spreadsheet Initial information,Excel Spreadsheet Expanded information,Available Products,Ballasts Scene Controllers Power Supplies Accessories Gateways Commissioning Tools System Software,DALI Protocol,IEC NEMA Users and Specifiers www.DALIbyDesign.us,The End,
