1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO/IEC 18004:2015 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques QR Code bar code symbology specificationBS ISO/IEC 18004:2015 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 18004:2015. It supers
2、edes BS ISO/IEC 18004:2006 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publicatio
3、n does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 81570 6 ICS 01.080.50; 35.040 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer i
4、mmunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 18004:2015 Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techni
5、ques QR Code bar code symbology specification Technologies de linformation Technologie didentification automatique et de capture des donnes Spcification de la symbologie de code barres Code QR INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18004 Reference number ISO/IEC 18004:2015(E) Third edition 2015-02-01 ISO/IE
6、C 2015 BS ISO/IEC 18004:2015ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
7、, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-m
8、ail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/IEC 18004:2015(E)BS ISO/IEC 18004:2015ISO/IEC 18004:2015(E)Contents Page Foreword vi Introduction vii 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 1 4 Terms and definitions . 2 5 Mathematical and logical symbols, abbreviations
9、 and conventions 4 5.1 Mathematical and logical symbols . 4 5.2 Abbreviations . 4 5.3 Conventions . 4 5.3.1 Module positions . 4 5.3.2 Byte notation . 4 5.3.3 Version references 4 6 Symbol description 4 6.1 Basic characteristics . 4 6.2 Summary of additional features . 6 6.3 Symbol structure . 7 6.3
10、.1 General 7 6.3.2 Symbol Versions and sizes . 9 6.3.3 Finder pattern .16 6.3.4 Separator .17 6.3.5 Timing pattern 17 6.3.6 Alignment patterns .17 6.3.7 Encoding region .17 6.3.8 Quiet zone .17 7 Requirements .18 7.1 Encode procedure overview.18 7.2 Data analysis 20 7.3 Modes .20 7.3.1 General.20 7.
11、3.2 Extended Channel Interpretation (ECI) mode 20 7.3.3 Numeric mode .21 7.3.4 Alphanumeric mode 21 7.3.5 Byte mode .21 7.3.6 Kanji mode .21 7.3.7 Mixing modes .21 7.3.8 Structured Append mode 21 7.3.9 FNC1 mode .22 7.4 Data encoding .22 7.4.1 Sequence of data .22 7.4.2 Extended Channel Interpretati
12、on (ECI) mode 23 7.4.3 Numeric mode .25 7.4.4 Alphanumeric mode 26 7.4.5 Byte mode .27 7.4.6 Kanji mode .29 7.4.7 Mixing modes .30 7.4.8 FNC1 modes 30 7.4.9 Terminator .32 7.4.10 Bit stream to codeword conversion .32 7.5 Error correction 36 7.5.1 Error correction capacity 36 7.5.2 Generating the err
13、or correction codewords .44 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO/IEC 18004:2015ISO/IEC 18004:2015(E)7.6 Constructing the final message codeword sequence 45 7.7 Codeword placement in matrix .46 7.7.1 Symbol character representation .46 7.7.2 Function pattern placement 46 7.7.3 Symbol character
14、placement 46 7.8 Data masking .50 7.8.1 General.50 7.8.2 Data mask patterns .50 7.8.3 Evaluation of data masking results .53 7.9 Format information55 7.9.1 QR Code symbols 55 7.9.2 Micro QR Code symbols 57 7.10 Version information .58 8 Structured Append 59 8.1 Basic principles59 8.2 Symbol Sequence
15、 Indicator .60 8.3 Parity Data .61 9 Symbol printing and marking 61 9.1 Dimensions 61 9.2 Human-readable interpretation 61 9.3 Marking guidelines .61 10 Symbol quality .62 10.1 Methodology 62 10.2 Symbol quality parameters .62 10.2.1 Fixed pattern damage .62 10.2.2 Scan grade and overall symbol grad
16、e62 10.2.3 Grid non-uniformity .62 10.3 Process control measurements62 11 Decoding procedure overview 62 12 Reference decode algorithm for QR Code 63 13 Autodiscrimination capability 70 14 Transmitted data .70 14.1 General principles .70 14.2 Symbology Identifier 71 14.3 Extended Channel Interpretat
17、ions .71 14.4 FNC1 72 Annex A (normative) Error detection and correction generator polynomials 73 Annex B (normative) Error correction decoding steps 77 Annex C (normative) Format information .79 Annex D (normative) Version information .81 Annex E (normative) Position of alignment patterns 83 Annex
18、F (normative) Symbology Identifier 85 Annex G (normative) QR Code print quality .symbology-specific aspects .86 Annex H (informative) JIS8 and Shift JIS character sets .92 Annex I (informative) Symbol encoding examples .94 Annex J (informative) Optimisation of bit stream length 99 Annex K (informati
19、ve) User guidelines for printing and scanning of QR Code symbols .108 Annex L (informative) Autodiscrimination .110 iv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 18004:2015ISO/IEC 18004:2015(E)Annex M (informative) Process control techniques .111 Annex N (informative) Characteristics of Model 1 symb
20、ols 113 Bibliography .116 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 18004:2015ISO/IEC 18004:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies
21、that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other inte
22、rnational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for it
23、s further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directi
24、ves). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be
25、in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
26、 related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 31, Autom
27、atic identification and data capture techniques. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/IEC 18004:2006), which has been technically revised.vi ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 18004:2015ISO/IEC 18004:2015(E) Introduction It is necessary to distinguish four technica
28、lly different, but closely related members of the QR Code family, which represent an evolutionary sequence. QR Code Model 1 was the original specification for QR Code and is described in AIM ITS 97-001 International Symbology Specification-QR Code. QR Code Model 2 was an enhanced form of the symbolo
29、gy with additional features (primarily the addition of alignment patterns to assist navigation in larger symbols), and was the basis of the first edition of ISO/IEC 18004. QR Code (the basis of the second edition of ISO/IEC 18004) is closely similar to QR Code Model 2, its QR Code format differs onl
30、y in the addition of the facility for symbols to appear in a mirror image orientation for reflectance reversal (light symbols on dark backgrounds) and the option for specifying alternative character sets to the default. The Micro QR Code format (also specified in the second edition of ISO/IEC 18004)
31、, is a variant of QR Code with a reduced number of overhead modules and a restricted range of sizes, which enables small to moderate amount of data to be represented in a small symbol, particularly suited to direct marking on parts and components, and to applications where the space available for th
32、e symbol is severely restricted. QR Code is a matrix symbology. The symbols consist of an array of nominally square modules arranged in an overall square pattern, including a unique finder pattern located at three corners of the symbol (in Micro QR Code symbols, at a single corner) and intended to a
33、ssist in easy location of its position, size, and inclination. A wide range of sizes of symbol is provided for, together with four levels of error correction. Module dimensions are user-specified to enable symbol production by a wide variety of techniques. QR Code Model 2 symbols are fully compatibl
34、e with QR Code reading systems. Model 1 QR Code symbols are recommended only to be used in closed system applications and it is not a requirement that equipment complying with this International Standard should support Model 1. Since QR Code is the recommended model for new, open systems application
35、 of QR Code, this International Standard describes QR Code fully, and lists the features in which Model 1 QR Code differs from QR Code in Annex N. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved viiBS ISO/IEC 18004:2015BS ISO/IEC 18004:2015Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques
36、 QR Code bar code symbology specification 1 Scope This International Standard defines the requirements for the symbology known as QR Code. It specifies the QR Code symbology characteristics, data character encoding methods, symbol formats, dimensional characteristics, error correction rules, referen
37、ce decoding algorithm, production quality requirements, and user-selectable application parameters. 2 Conformance QR Code symbols (and equipment designed to produce or read QR Code symbols) shall be considered as conforming with this International Standard if they provide or support the features def
38、ined in this International Standard. Symbols complying with the requirements for QR Code Model 1, as described in ISO/IEC 18004:2006, may not be readable with equipment complying with this International Standard. Symbols complying with the requirements for QR Code Model 2, as defined in ISO/IEC 1800
39、4:2000, are readable with equipment complying with this International Standard. Reading equipment complying with ISO/IEC 18004:2000 will not be able to read all symbols complying with this International Standard. Symbols that make use of the additional features of QR Code will not be readable by suc
40、h equipment. Printing equipment complying with ISO/IEC 18004:2000 will not be able to print all symbols defined in this International Standard. Symbols that make use of the additional features of QR Code will not be printable by such equipment. It should be noted, however, that QR Code Model 2 and M
41、icro QR Code are the form of the symbology recommended for new and open systems applications. 3 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited appli
42、es. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998, Information technology 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1 ISO/IEC 15415, Information technology Automatic identification and dat
43、a capture techniques Bar code symbol print quality test specification Two-dimensional symbols ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC ISO/IEC 19762-2, Information technology Autom
44、atic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 2: Optically readable media (ORM) JIS X 0201, 7-bit and 8-bit coded character sets for information interchange INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO/IEC 18004:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 18004:2015ISO/IE
45、C 18004:2015(E) 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1 and ISO/IEC 19762- 2 and the following apply. 4.1 character count indicator bit sequence which defines the data string length in a mode 4.2 data masking process of XORing the
46、 bit pattern in the encoding region with a data mask pattern to provide a symbol with more evenly balanced numbers of dark and light modules, and reduced occurrence of patterns which would interfere with fast processing of the image 4.3 data mask pattern reference three-bit identifier of the data ma
47、sking patterns applied to the symbol 4.4 encoding region region of the symbol not occupied by function patterns and available for encoding of data and error correction codewords, and for Version and format information 4.5 exclusive subset subset of characters within the character set of a mode which
48、 are not shared with the more restricted character set of another mode 4.6 extension pattern function pattern in Model 1 symbols, which does not encode data 4.7 format information encoded pattern containing information on symbol characteristics essential to enable the remainder of the encoding regio
49、n to be decoded 4.8 QR Code pertaining to QR Code symbols identified as versions 1 to 40, as distinct from Micro QR Code symbols 4.9 function pattern overhead component of the symbol (finder, separator, timing patterns, and alignment patterns) required for location of the symbol or identification of its characteristics to assist in decoding 4.10 masking process of XORing the bit pattern in an area of the symbol with a mask pattern to reduce the occurrence of patterns
