1、Designation: E1317 12 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFlammability of Marine Surface Finishes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a procedure formeasuring fire properties associated with flammable behavior
3、of surface finishes used on noncombustible substrates aboardship (Note 1). In particular, these include surface finishesintended for use in ship construction such as deck surfacingmaterials, bulkhead and ceiling veneers including any adhe-sives used to fasten the veneers to the bulkheads and ceiling
4、s,paints, and exposed treatment of insulating materials.NOTE 1This test method has been prepared to closely follow the testprocedure of IMO Resolution A.653(16) (1).2Optional provisions notapplicable to the domestic use of this test method have been deleted.1.2 Tests performed according to this test
5、 method areintended to yield fire properties that, when appropriatelyinterpreted, are potentially useful to select materials andsurface treatments that will limit the rapid growth and spread offire.1.3 This test method requires a specific range of specimenradiant thermal exposure for measuring fire
6、properties.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by its
7、elfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.7 This standard does
8、 not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see S
9、ection 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of MaterialsUsing a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Co
10、vering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE970 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of ExposedAtticFloor Insulation Using a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition andFlame Spread Properties2.2 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR):4CFR Title 46, Part 164.00
11、9, Noncombustible Materials2.3 ISO Standard:5ISO 5658-2 Reaction to fire tests Spread of flame-Part 2:Lateral spread on building and transport products invertical configuration3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used inthis test method, refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definit
12、ions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 compensating thermocouple, na thermocouple forthe purpose of generating an electrical signal representinglong-term changes in the stack metal temperatures wherein afraction of the signal generated is subtracted from the signaldeveloped by the stack-gas t
13、hermocouples.3.2.2 critical flux at extinguishment, n a flux level at thespecimen surface corresponding to the distance of farthest1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on SurfaceBurning.Current edit
14、ion approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1317 08b. DOI:10.1520/E1317-12.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website
15、, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.5Available from A
16、merican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1advance and subsequent self-extinguishment of the flame onthe centerline of
17、a specimen.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe flux reported is based on calibra-tion tests with a special calibration dummy specimen.3.2.3 dummy specimena noncombustible (as defined by46 CFR 164.009) insulating board used for standardizing theoperating condition of the equipment, 20 6 5 mm in thicknesswith a den
18、sity of 750 6 100 kg/m3.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe dummy specimen is mounted inthe apparatus in the position of the test specimen and removedonly when a test specimen is to be inserted. The termnoncombustible is used in a manner consistent with 46 CFR164.009.3.2.4 fume stacka box-like duct with thermocou
19、ples andbaffles through which flames and hot fumes from a burningspecimen pass whose purpose is to permit measurement of theheat release from the burning specimen.3.2.5 heat for ignitionthe product of time from initialspecimen exposure until the flame front reaches the 150-mmposition and the flux le
20、vel at this position, the latter obtained inprior calibration of the apparatus.3.2.6 heat for sustained burningthe product of time frominitial specimen exposure until the arrival of the flame front,and the incident flux level at that same location as measuredwith a dummy specimen during calibration.
21、3.2.7 marine boardan insulation board of 750 6 100kg/m3density that meets the noncombustibility criteria of 46CFR 164.009.3.2.8 measured heat release of specimenthe observed heatrelease under the variable flux field imposed on the specimenand measured as defined by this test method.3.2.9 mirror asse
22、mblya mirror, marked and aligned withthe viewing rakes, used as an aid in quickly identifying andtracking the flame front progress.3.2.10 reverberatory wiresa wire mesh located in front of,but close to, the radiating surface of the panel heat sourcewhich serves to enhance the combustion efficiency a
23、nd in-crease the radiance of the panel.3.2.11 special calibration dummy specimena dummyspecimen as defined by Fig. 1, made of the same material as thedummy specimen, intended only for use in calibration of fluxgradient along the specimen.3.2.12 viewing rakesa set of bars with wires spaced at50-mm in
24、tervals for the purpose of increasing the precision oftiming the flame front progress along the specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test provides methods for evaluating the flamma-bility characteristics of 155 by 800-mm specimens in a verticalorientation. The specimens are exposed to a graded
25、 radiant-fluxfield supplied by a gas-fired radiant panel. Means are providedfor observing the times to ignition, spread, and extinguishmentof flame along the length of the specimen as well as formeasuring the compensated millivolt signal of the stack gasthermocouples as the burning progresses. Resul
26、ts are reportedin terms of heat for ignition, heat for sustained burning, criticalflux at extinguishment, and heat release of the specimen duringburning.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means for evaluation of theflammable performance of surface finish materials used inconstruc
27、ting and outfitting ships.5.2 A specimen of the surface finish of concern is mountedon the support material contemplated for use and subjected toa controlled significant radiant-flux exposure.5.3 All specimens are tested while mounted in a verticalplane.5.4 The following surfaces are exposed to test
28、:5.4.1 Bulkhead specimens having surface veneers, fabrics,or painted finishes are tested on one or both exposed sides.5.4.2 Ceiling finish materials shall be tested on the lowerexposed surface.5.4.3 For ceiling finish materials which are perforated andair backed, tests also shall be conducted on the
29、 back (upper)surface of the material.5.4.4 Deck finish and flooring materials are tested on theupper exposed surface.5.4.5 Protective membranes or finishes on insulation mate-rials are tested on the air-exposed face or faces.5.5 This test method provides fire properties that relate tothe flammabilit
30、y of the specimens tested. These includeignitability, heat exposure for continued burning, critical flux atextinguishment, and heat-release behavior under varying flux-exposure conditions applied.5.6 This test method does not provide:5.6.1 Full information on fire properties of surface-finishmateria
31、ls supported by backing materials other than thosetested.5.6.2 Full information on surface-finish materials whenused in other thicknesses than those tested.5.6.3 Methods for using the fire property measurements as ameasure for classifying the fire risk or hazard of the specimenstested.NOTE 1All dime
32、nsions are in millimetres.FIG. 1 Dummy Specimen for Flux Gradient CalibrationE1317 1226. Apparatus6.1 Test EquipmentFigs. 2-6 show photographs of theequipment as assembled ready for test. Brief parts list for thetest equipment assembly includes:6.1.1 Main Frame (see Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2 2(b) consist
33、ingof two separate sections; the burner frame and the specimensupport frame. These two units are bolted together withthreaded rods permitting flexibility in mechanical alignment.6.1.2 Specimen Holders that provide for support of thespecimen during test. At least two of these are required. Usingthree
34、 of these will prevent delays resulting from requiredcooling of holders prior to mounting specimens.6.1.3 Specimen Fume Stack, fabricated of stainless sheetsteel of 0.46 6 0.05 mm thickness (see Fig. 7) complete withgas and stack-metal compensating thermocouples (also see Fig.5).6.1.4 Radiant Panel
35、(2) (see Fig. 4) shall have heatedsurface dimensions of 280 by 483 mm. The radiant panelconsists of an enclosure supporting porous refractory tiles.6.1.5 Air and Fuel SupplyAn air and fuel supply tosupport combustion on the radiant panel surface, air-flowmetering device, gas-control valves, pressure
36、 reducer andsafety controls are all mounted on the burner frame. Require-ments are summarized as follows:6.1.5.1 A regulated air supply of about 30 m3/h 108 000m3/s at a pressure sufficient to overcome the friction lossthrough the line, metering device, and radiant panel. Theradiant panel pressure d
37、rop amounts to only a few millimetresof water.6.1.5.2 In the absence of a calibrated flowmeter in the airline, set this flow rate by holding a lighted match with its axishorizontal and close to the panel tile face. The match flameshall not deviate more than 10 from the vertical.6.1.5.3 The fuel gas
38、used shall be either natural gas ormethane. A pressure regulator shall be provided to maintain aconstant supply pressure. The gas shall be controlled either bya manually adjusted needle valve or a venturi mixer. TheFIG. 2 (a) General View of the ApparatusFIG. 2 (b) Test Apparatus Main Frame, Front V
39、iew(continued)1Specimen support frame2Specimen holder3Flame-front viewing mirror4Viewing rake5Radiation pyrometer6Radiant panel assembly7Viewing rake for horizontal specimen not used in this testmethodFIG. 3 View From Specimen Insertion FrameE1317 123venturi mixer will allow control of the flux leve
40、l of the panelby adjusting only the air valve. Safety devices shall include anelectrically operated shutoff valve to prevent gas flow in theevent of electric power failure, air pressure failure, or loss ofheat at the burner surface. The fuel gas flow requirements shallbe 1.0 to 3.7 m3/h at a pressur
41、e sufficient to overcome pressurelosses.6.1.6 The specimen holder, pilot-flame holder, fume stack,flame-front viewing rakes, radiation pyrometer, and mirror areall assembled on the specimen support frame. The arrangementof parts on this frame is evident in Fig. 2(a), Fig. 2 2(b), andFig. 3.6.1.7 A d
42、ummy specimen of marine board of the thicknessand density specified in the test procedure shall be mounted onthe apparatus in the position of the specimen except duringactual testing.NOTE 2Additional information on the construction details of the testequipment can be found in ISO 5658-2 and IMO Reso
43、lution A.653(16)(1).6.2 Instrumentation:6.2.1 Total Radiation PyrometerThis instrument shall becompensated for its temperature variation and shall have asensitivity between the thermal wavelengths of 1 and 9 m thatis nominally constant and shall view a centrally located area onthe radiant panel of a
44、bout 150 by 300 mm.The instrument shallbe rigidly mounted on the specimen support frame in such amanner that it will be directed at the radiant panel surfaceoriented for specimens in the vertical positions.6.2.2 Heat FluxmetersIt is desirable to have at least twofluxmeters for this test method. They
45、 shall be of the thermopiletype with a sensitivity of approximately 10 mV at 50 kW/m2and capable of operation at three times this rating. One of theseshall be retained as a laboratory reference standard. They shallhave been calibrated to an accuracy of 65 % or better. Thetime constant of these instr
46、uments shall not be more than 290ms (corresponding to a time to reach 95 % of final output of notmore than 1 s). The target sensing the applied flux shall occupyan area not more than 4 by 4 mm and be located flush with andat the center of the water cooled 25 mm circular exposedmetallic end of the fl
47、uxmeter. If fluxmeters of smaller diameterare to be used, these shall be inserted into a copper sleeve of 25mm outside diameter in such a way that good thermal contactis maintained between the sleeve and water cooled fluxmeterbody. The end of the sleeve and exposed surface of thefluxmeter shall lie
48、in the same plane. Radiation shall not passthrough any window before reaching the fluxmeter sensingsurface.6.2.3 Timing Devices, such as either a paper tapechronograph, as well as digital clock with second resolution,digital stopwatch with a memory for ten times, an audio taperecorder, a data acquis
49、ition/computer system, or an audiovisual (VCR) instrument shall be provided to measure thetimes of ignition and flame front advancement with resolutionto110 s.FIG. 4 Radiant Panel Facing Dummy SpecimenFIG. 5 Rear View of Specimen Supported in Equipment ShowingSpecimen Clamp, Stack and Handle of Stack Thermocouple As-semblyE1317 1246.2.4 Recording MillivoltmeterA two-channel multirangerecording millivoltmeter having at least 1 M input resistanceshall be used to record signals from the fume stack thermo-couples (see Fig. A1.3) and the output
