1、Copyright 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) IEEE Std 139-1988 (R2012) (Revision of IEEE Std 139-1952)IEEE Recommended Practice for the Measurement of Radio Frequency Emission from Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Equipment Installed on Users P
2、remisesSponsorElectromagnetic Compatibility Society Standards Committeeof theIEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility SocietyApproved June 9, 1988Reaffirmed -XQH , 20IEEE Standards BoardApproved August 11, 1988American National Standards Institute Copyright 1988 byThe Institute of Electrical and Electroni
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13、adopting the standardsdocuments.iiiForeword(This Foreword is not a part of ANSI/IEEE Std 139-1988 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Measurement of Radio FrequencyEmission From Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Equipment Installed on Users Premises.)This is a major revision of IEEE Std 139-19
14、52 . It recommends procedures for measuring the radio frequency (rf)energy emitted by industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) equipment installed, ready for use, in the users plant orlaboratory.The reader is assumed to be skilled in measuring radio frequency electromagnetic fields and familiar wit
15、h themeasurement equipment used.This standard recommends techniques for measuring emissions from ISM equipment installed, ready for use, oractually being used, on users premises; it is not intended for testing equipment on a test site, or as it comes off aproduction line. While there may be similari
16、ties in the measurement of emissions under these two conditions, there aremajor differences also. Some differences are:1) The ISM equipment measured on users premises may have been modified. These modifications may notalways have the careful quality control that it is reasonable to expect from new e
17、quipment manufactured ona production line. Therefore, this standard provides more testing for prototype verification of compliance thanmight be considered necessary in a production environment. Hence the recommendation that all equipmentbe inspected, and its emission spectrum checked, with the “prot
18、otype” machines being subjected to morethorough emission tests.2) The emission from installed ISM equipment may interact with emissions from other rf equipment installednearby, generating spurious emissions at heterodyne, harmonically related, and other frequencies. Theemission at these frequencies
19、must also be checked.At the time this standard was approved, the Working Group on ISM Equipment Emission Measurements had thefollowing membership:Daniel I. Weinberg, ChairEdwin L. BronaughMyron L. CrawfordGlen DashGeorge E. LeeLeanard W. Thomas, SrArt WallThe following persons were on the balloting
20、committee that approved this document for submission to the IEEEStandards Board:E. L. BronaughW. E. CoryG. DashH. DennyS. GentileD. N. HeirmanE. D. KnowlesJ. ParkerR. SatoR. M. ShowersE. SkomalL. W. Thomas, SrA. WallD. I. WeinbergWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on June 9, 1988,
21、it had the following membership:Donald C. Fleckenstein, ChairMarco Migliaro, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Arthur A. BlaisdellFletcher J. BuckleyJames M. DalyStephen R. DillonEugene P. FogartyJay Forster*Thomas L. HannanKenneth D. HendrixTheodore W. Hissey, Jr.John W. HorchJack M. KinnFrank
22、D. KirschnerivFrank C. KitzantidesJoseph L. Koepfinger*Irving KolodnyEdward LohseJohn E. May, Jr.Lawrence V. McCallL. Bruce McClungDon T. Michael*Richard E. MosherL. John RankineGary S. RobinsonFrank L. RoseHelen M. WoodKarl H. ZainingerDonald W. Zipse*Member EmeritusvCLAUSE PAGE1. Scope.12. Measure
23、ment Procedures 22.1 Establish the Objectives of theMeasurements 32.2 Physical Inspection of ISM Equipment . 52.3 Determine Measurement Locations . 62.4 Adjust the Equipment Under Test 62.5 Connect Equipment for Spectrum Measurements 72.6 Determine the RF Spectrum. 82.7 Measure Conducted Emission 92
24、.8 Measure Radiated Emission. 92.9 Calculate and Plot Data 103. Report of RF Field Measurements 114. Bibliography13Annex A Measurement System Characteristics (Informative) .14Annex B Minimizing Measurement Errors (Informative) 16ContentsCopyright 1988 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1An American National S
25、tandardIEEE Recommended Practice for the Measurement of Radio Frequency Emission from Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Equipment Installed on Users Premises1. ScopeThis document describes equipment inspection and radio frequency (rf) electromagnetic field measurementprocedures for evaluatio
26、n of rf industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) equipment installed in the users facility. Theterm, “ISM equipment,” as used here, includes equipment that generates rf energy for purposes other than radiocommunications, to cause physical, chemical, or biological changes; for example, industrial he
27、aters (dielectric andinduction), medical diathermy, ultrasonic equipment, rf plasma devices, and rf stabilized welders. These proceduresare designed to help ensure that the equipment does not interfere with radio communications, navigation, and otheressential radio services. The engineer responsible
28、 for the measurements should take all reasonable precautions toensure that the maximum emission from the ISM equipment under test (EUT) has been measured.Radio frequency field-strength measurements of installed ISM equipment may be required if any of the followingconditions exist:1) The emission fro
29、m the EUT was not measured by the manufacturer.2) Because of its size or special operating conditions, the EUT could not be tested before installation.3) Installed ISM equipment is suspected of causing interference.4) ISM equipment has been modified in a way that could affect its rf emissions.5) As
30、the equipment ages, there is a question about its continued compliance.6) There is a question about the safety to nearby personnel because of the emissions from the equipment.Measurements should be made under the direction of an engineer skilled in making and interpreting rf field-strengthmeasuremen
31、ts. These measurements are made after the equipment is installed and ready for use at its place of use, andafter it has been inspected as described in 2.2. The measurement report should generally be kept on file for at leastthree years after new measurements are made or after the equipment is no lon
32、ger in use.There are significant differences between the “open field” or anechoic chamber measurements common inelectromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) work and the on-site measurements ofinstalled ISM equipment. Some of these differences are described below.1) The
33、 measurement conditions are usually more difficult because of crowded measurement locations,reflections from surrounding walls and equipment, and signals from other sources.2 Copyright 1988 IEEE All Rights ReservedIEEE Std 139-1988 IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MEASUREMENT OF RADIO FREQUENCY EMISSIO
34、N FROM2) It is reasonable to take advantage of the shielding provided by walls and other equipment located between theISM Equipment Under Test (EUT) and the location at which field-strength information is required. While theeffect of a single wall may be small, the total effect of other equipment an
35、d building structures may besignificant. In any case, it is not necessary to make measurements in a way which eliminates the benefits ofthis shielding. Some equipment is designed to be operated in a shielded enclosure, either because of its ownsensitivity to outside interference, or because of its e
36、mission characteristics. When measuring the emissionfrom this equipment, take advantage of the attenuation of the enclosure by making the measurements outsidethe enclosure, with the equipment in its normal operating position.3) Since the measurement equipment is disconnected, moved, and reconnected
37、many times during a set ofmeasurements, its calibration should be checked frequently.4) ISM equipment may often be grouped for field-strength measurements, taking one set of measurements forthe entire group.5) Electromagnetic-emission measurements of installed ISM equipment are usually significantly
38、 less accuratethan laboratory (open field or test chamber) measurements because of lack of control of the measurementenvironment. The engineer responsible for the measurements should ensure, to the extent practical, thatsignificant inaccuracies do not creep into the measurements from controllable fa
39、ctors. The overall accuracy ofthe measurements should be taken into account when reporting the results.6) On-site measurements of installed ISM equipment are usually unique to the particular site because of effectsof local shielding. However, they may apply to the same piece of equipment or to ident
40、ical equipmentinstalled at other sites that provide equivalent shielding and grounding.7) The emission measured from the ISM equipment is a function of the environment surrounding the equipment.In most industrial locations, the environment is likely to change. Therefore, when measuring emission, 1)m
41、ake sure the environment is typical of its usual operating condition, and, 2) determine, to the extentpossible, if probable environment changes will increase emission. If so, the user should be warned. Whenmeasuring emission because of suspected electromagnetic interference, the conditions existing
42、at the time ofthe suspected interference should be duplicated as closely as possible.2. Measurement ProceduresThe measurement requirements and the report requirements depend on the measurement objectives (see 2.1), and theymay vary for the different types of ISM equipment and for the frequencies of
43、their emissions.Usually, ISM measurements involve the following steps:1) Review the measurement objectives to determine the procedures to be followed and the equipment required(see 2.1).2) Inspect the ISM equipment under test (see 2.2).3) Determine the measurement locations (see 2.3).4) Turn on the
44、equipment under test (EUT), let it stabilize, andadjust it for maximum emission (see 2.4).5) Set up the measurement equipment near the EUT and check its calibration (see 2.5.1 and 2.5.2).6) Determine the frequency spectrum of the EUT. This information will be used to determine the frequencies atwhic
45、h the field strength will be measured at the locations determined in the third step (see 2.6).7) Measure the conducted emission from the EUT, if required (see 2.7).8) Set up the measurement equipment at each of the measurement locations determined in the third step, andmeasure the maximum amplitude
46、of the emission from the EUT at each frequency identified as significant inthe spectrum measurements (see 2.8).9) Calculate the field strength at desired distances from the EUTand plot the data as required (see 2.9).Copyright 1988 IEEE All Rights Reserved 3INDUSTRIAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND MEDICAL (ISM) E
47、QUIPMENT INSTALLED ON USERS PREMISES IEEE Std 139-19882.1 Establish the Objectives of the MeasurementsThere are many reasons for measuring the emissions from ISM equipment, such as:1) To determine if the ISM equipment meets the requirements of a local or national regulatory authority havingjurisdict
48、ion over the emission of rf energy from industrial, scientific, and medical equipment.2) To evaluate ISM equipment suspected of causing harmful interference to radio communications or navigationservices, or to other susceptible equipment.3) To determine if the ISM equipment emissions might exceed li
49、mits set for personnel exposure.The certifying engineer should develop a test plan which meets the objectives. Although each involves measuring rffields, the measurement locations, methods, and sensitivity required depend on the measurement objectives. If themeasurement objective is to determine compliance with the regulations of a regulatory authority, refer to the latestedition for their requirements since these regulations are revised periodically.If rf interference is suspected, has the source been localized to one piece of equipment? Determine the frequencies
