1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-8:2006 2009 ISO/IEC 19794-8:2006 Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-8:2006 2009 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file ma
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4、e file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of
5、ANSI Approval: 8/28/2009 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2009 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organizati
6、on (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written p
7、ermission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2009 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 19794-8:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction
8、. v 1 Scope.1 2 Conformance.1 3 Normative references .1 4 Terms and definitions.1 5 Abbreviated terms 5 6 Determination of finger pattern skeletal data .5 6.1 Minutia .5 6.2 Encoding the skeleton ridge line by a direction code8 6.3 Skeleton line neighbourhood index.13 7 Finger pattern skeletal data
9、record format .14 7.1 Introduction.14 7.2 Record organization .14 7.3 Record header.14 7.4 Single finger record format 16 7.5 Extended data .18 7.5.1 Common extended data fields .18 7.5.2 Ridge count data format.19 7.5.3 Core and delta data format.21 7.5.4 Zonal quality data .23 7.5.5 Sweat pore pos
10、ition data24 7.5.6 Finger pattern skeleton structural data.25 7.6 Pattern record format summary.26 8 Finger pattern skeletal data card format .28 8.1 Normal size finger pattern skeletal format28 8.2 Compact size finger pattern skeletal format.28 8.3 Finger pattern skeletal data block .29 8.4 The x o
11、r y coordinate extension for compact card format 29 8.5 Usage of additional features for the card format30 8.6 Comparison parameters and card capabilities.30 8.7 Pattern card format summary 31 9 CBEFF format owner and format types.32 Annex A (informative) Examples for finger pattern skeletal data .3
12、3 A.1 Virtual continuation 34 A.2 High resolution mode .35 A.3 Bifurcation.36 A.4 Skeleton line neighbourhood index.37 A.5 Quality map .39 Annex B (informative) Example data record40 B.1 Data40 B.2 Example data format diagrams42 B.3 Raw data for the finger pattern skeletal record format43 B.4 Raw da
13、ta for the compact size finger pattern skeletal card format.43 Bibliography.44 ISO/IEC 19794-8:2006(E) iv ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwid
14、e standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fi
15、elds of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted
16、 in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an Internat
17、ional Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/
18、IEC 19794-8 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics. ISO/IEC 19794 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Biometric data interchange formats: Part 1: Framework Part 2: Finger minutiae dat
19、a Part 3: Finger pattern spectral data Part 4: Finger image data Part 5: Face image data Part 6: Iris image data Part 7: Signature/sign time series data Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data Part 9: Vascular image data Part 10: Hand geometry silhouette data Part 11: Signature/sign processed dynamic d
20、ata ISO/IEC 19794-8:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved vIntroduction With the interest of implementing interoperable personal biometric recognition systems, this part of ISO/IEC 19794 establishes a data interchange format for pattern-based skeletal fingerprint recognition algorithms. Pattern-b
21、ased algorithms process sections of biometric images. Pattern-based algorithms havebeen shown to work well with the demanding, but commercially driven, fingerprint sensor formats such assmall-area and swipe sensors. The exchange format defined in this part of ISO/IEC 19794 describes all characterist
22、ics of a fingerprint in a small data record. Thus it allows for the extraction of both spectral information (orientation, frequency, phase, etc.) and features (minutiae, core, ridge count, etc.). Transformations like translation and rotation can also be accommodated by the format defined herein. Wit
23、h this part of ISO/IEC 19794 for pattern-based skeletal representation of fingerprints interoperability among fingerprint recognition vendors based on a small data record is allowed; proliferation of low-cost commercial fingerprint sensors with limited coverage, dynamic range, or resolution is suppo
24、rted; a data record that can be used to store biometric information on a variety a storage media (including butnot limited to, portable devices and smart cards) is defined; adoption of biometrics in applications requiring interoperability is encouraged. It is recommended that biometric data protecti
25、on techniques in ANSI/X9 X9.84 or ISO/IEC 15408 are usedto safeguard the biometric data defined herein for confidentiality, integrity and availability. ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved 11 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 19794 specifies the interchange format for the exchange of pattern-based skeletal fin
26、gerprint recognition data. The data format is generic, in that it may be applied and used in a wide range of application areas where automated fingerprint recognition is involved. 2 Conformance A system conforms to this part of ISO/IEC 19794 if it satisfies the mandatory requirements herein for extr
27、action and description of the skeleton described in Clause 6 and the generation of the data record as described in Clause 7. Since any finger skeletal data extraction and comparison algorithm supporting the described finger skeletal data interchange formats may be used, interoperability testing is o
28、f extreme importance, especially for environments in which components of different manufacturers interact. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, t
29、he latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 7816-6:2004, Identification cards Integrated circuit cards Part 6: Interindustry data elements for interchangeISO/IEC 7816-11:2004, Identification cards Integrated circuits cards Part 11: Personal verification t
30、hrough biometric methods ISO/IEC 19784-1:2006, Information technology Biometric application programming interface Part 1: BioAPI specification4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 biometrics automated recognition of individuals base
31、d on their behavioural and biological characteristics INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19794-8:2006(E)Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data 2 ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved4.2 biometric algorithm sequence of instructions that tell a biometric
32、system how to solve a particular problem NOTE An algorithm will have a finite number of steps and is typically used by the biometric engine (i.e. the biometric system software) to compute whether a biometric sample and template are a match. 4.3 biometric data biometric sample at any stage of process
33、ing, biometric reference, biometric feature or biometric property 4.4 biometric information template constructed data object in a card containing information needed by the outside world for a verification process NOTE See ISO/IEC 7816-11. 4.5 biometric reference one or more stored biometric samples,
34、 biometric templates or biometric models attributed to a subject and used for comparison EXAMPLES Face image on a passport; fingerprint minutiae template on a national ID card; Gaussian mixture model, for speaker recognition, in a database. 4.6 biometric sample analog or digital representation of bi
35、ometric characteristics prior to feature extraction process and obtained from a biometric device 4.7 biometric system automated system capable of 1. capturing a biometric sample from a subject; 2. extracting a biometric feature from that sample; 3. comparing the biometric feature with that contained
36、 in the biometric reference; 4. deciding how well they match; and 5. indicating whether or not an identification or verification of identity has been achieved 4.8 biometric template set of stored biometric features comparable directly to biometric features of a presented biometric sample NOTE 1 A bi
37、ometric reference consisting of an image, or other captured biometric sample in its original, enhanced or compressed form, is not a biometric template. NOTE 2 The biometric features are not considered to be a biometric template unless they are stored for reference. 4.9 bit-depth number of bits used
38、to represent a data element 4.10 capture method of taking a biometric sample from the subject 4.11 cell rectangular region defined by a uniform and non-overlapping division of the image ISO/IEC 19794-8:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved 34.12 closed-set identification biometric application tha
39、t ranks the biometric references in the enrolment database in order of decreasing similarity against a presented biometric sample 4.13 comparison estimation, calculation or measurement of similarity or dissimilarity between biometric sample(s) and biometric reference(s) 4.14 core singular point in t
40、he fingerprint, where the curvature of the ridges reaches a maximum1)NOTE For simplicity, the core can be considered as a U-turn, sometimes enclosing a few ridge endings. It serves as an approximation of the centre of the fingerprint image. 4.15 delta structure where three fields of parallel ridge l
41、ines meet1)NOTE From Danuta Z. Loesch, “Quantative dermatoglyphics classification, genetics, and pathology”, Oxford Monographs on Medical Genetics No. 10, Oxford University Press 1983, ISBN 0-19-261305-7, page 7. 4.16 dimension number of pixels in an acquired biometric sample in either the x- or y-
42、direction 4.17 enrolment process of creating and storing, for an individual, a data record associated with an individual and including biometric reference(s) and, typically, non-biometric data 4.18 friction ridge structure on the skin of the fingers and toes, the palms and soles of the feet, which m
43、akes contact with an incident surface under normal touch NOTE On the fingers, the unique patterns formed by the friction ridges make up fingerprints. 4.19 identification biometric system function that performs a one-to-many search NOTE An identification function may be used to verify a claim of enro
44、lment in an enrolment database without a specified biometric reference identifier. 4.20 latent fingerprint collected from an intermediate surface, rather than directly via a live capture from the finger itself 4.21 live capture process of capturing a biometric sample by an interaction between a subj
45、ect and a biometric system 1)The definitions of core and delta in ISO/IEC 19794-3 and this part of ISO/IEC 19794 are identical. However there is a different definition in ISO/IEC 19794-2. Although both definitions try to define the same thing, this difference has occurred for historical reasons. ISO
46、/IEC 19794-8:2006(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved4.22 minutia friction ridge characteristic, occurring at a point where a single friction ridge deviates from an uninterrupted flow, that is used to individualize a fingerprint NOTE 1 Deviation may take the form of ending, division, or a more com
47、plicated “composite” type. NOTE 2 The plural of minutia is minutiae. 4.23 one-to-many search comparison process in which a biometric sample set of one individual is compared against the biometric references of more than one individual to return a set of comparison scores NOTE 1 A biometric identific
48、ation function performs a one-to-many search. NOTE 2 In the case of a multimodal biometric system, biometric sample and biometric reference in the above definition comprise individual biometric samples/references of the component modalities. NOTE 3 The degree of similarity may be specified on the ba
49、sis of comparison score and/or rank. 4.24 open-set identification biometric application that determines a possibly empty candidate list by collecting one or more biometric samples from an individual and searching the enrolment database for similar biometric references 4.25 record reference and other information about the subject NOTE E.g. to access permissions. 4.26 resolution number of pixels (pictu
