1、 ASD-STAN STANDARD NORME ASD-STAN ASD-STAN NORM ASD-STAN prEN 4856 Edition P1 2017-09 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATION Rue Montoyer 10 - 1000 Brussels - Tel. + 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. + 32 2 775 8131 - www.asd-stan.orgICS: Descriptors: ENGLISH VE
2、RSION Rotorcraft Emergency Breathing Systems (EBS) Requirements, testing and marking Rotorcraft Notfallbeatmungssystem (EBS) Anforderungen, Prfung und Kennzeichnung Giravion Systme de ventilation durgence (EBS) Exigences, essais et marquage This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard has been drawn up under
3、 the responsibility of ASD-STAN (The AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization). It is published for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It has been technically approved by the experts of the concerned Domain following member comments. Subsequent to the publi
4、cation of this Prestandard, the technical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affected, physically or functionally, without re-identification of the standard. After examination and review by users and formal agreement of ASD-STAN, the ASD-STAN prEN will be submitted
5、as a draft European Standard (prEN) to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full European Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement the EN at national level by giving the EN the status of a national standard and by withdrawing any na
6、tional standards conflicting with the EN. ASD-STAN Technical Committee approves that: “This document is published by ASD-STAN for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. The use of this standard is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any
7、patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” ASD-STAN reviews each standard and technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized or cancelled. ASD-STAN invites you to send your written comments or any suggestions th
8、at may arise. All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of ASD-STAN. Order details: E-mail: salesasd-st
9、an.org Web address: http:/www.asd-stan.org/ Edition approved for publication 1stSeptember 2017 Comments should be sent within six months after the date of publication to ASD-STAN General Domain prEN 4856:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms an
10、d definitions . 7 4 Classification . 9 4.1 Design types 9 4.1.1 Compressed air EBS 9 4.1.2 Rebreather EBS . 10 4.1.3 Hybrid rebreather EBS . 10 4.2 Performance levels 10 4.2.1 Category A . 10 4.2.2 Category B . 10 5 Performance requirements 11 5.1 General . 11 5.2 Design . 11 5.3 Materials 12 5.4 Co
11、mpatibility . 12 5.5 Breathing performance 13 5.5.1 General . 13 5.5.2 Work of breathing 13 5.5.3 Respiratory pressures 13 5.5.4 Hydrostatic imbalance . 14 5.5.5 Extreme cold water temperatures . 14 5.6 Safety devices 14 5.7 Deployment 14 5.8 Ease of use and manoeuvrability in water 15 5.9 Buoyancy
12、. 15 5.10 Cold water performance 15 6 Testing 15 6.1 Visual inspection 15 6.2 Nominal values and tolerances . 16 6.3 Magnetic properties testing . 16 6.4 Temperature cycling . 16 6.5 Breathing performance 16 6.6 Breathable volume of counterlung 19 6.7 Buoyancy . 19 6.8 Ergonomic performance 19 6.8.1
13、 General . 19 6.8.2 Subjects 20 6.8.3 Deployment 21 6.8.4 Ease of use, manoeuvrability and helicopter escape 22 6.8.5 Escape buoyancy. 23 prEN 4856:2017 (E) 3 6.9 Cold water performance 24 6.10 Crew equipment compatibility 25 6.11 Reporting . 26 7 Marking 27 8 Information supplied by the manufacture
14、r 27 (normative) Rating of breathing effort . 29 Annex AA.1 Instruction . 29 prEN 4856:2017 (E) 4 Foreword This document (prEN 4856:2017) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe Standardization (ASD-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance wi
15、th the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member of ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN. This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry. prEN 4856:2017 (E) 5 Introduction This technical standard
16、prescribes the minimum standards of design and performance for rotorcraft emergency breathing systems (EBS), used to reduce the risks of drowning in the event of submersion. An emergency breathing system is a form of personal protective equipment that provides the user with a means to breathe underw
17、ater, thereby improving the probability of successfully escaping from a submerged rotorcraft cabin. If used correctly, EBS should mitigate the risk of drowning. The technical standard aims to ensure that the equipment user is able to carry out the necessary emergency procedures whilst being provided
18、 with an appropriate level of protection under foreseeable conditions of use. It also aims to ensure that the equipment presents a minimal hazard in relation to escape from the rotorcraft, and that the equipment has no detrimental effect on the health and safety of the user or on the performance of
19、other equipment. This standard is applicable to all rotorcraft. Rotorcraft include helicopters, tilt rotor/wing and gyroplanes. For the purpose of this standard the term helicopter is used generically hereinafter. prEN 4856:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This technical standard specifies requirements for Emerge
20、ncy Breathing Systems (EBS) for use by helicopter crew and passengers in the event of a ditching or water impact, to ensure minimum levels of performance. It applies to EBS for use by adults only. Two categories of EBS are addressed by this standard; Category A EBS capable of being successfully depl
21、oyed underwater and Category B EBS capable of being successfully deployed in air but not underwater. This technical standard is applicable to compressed air, rebreather and hybrid rebreather designs of EBS. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenc
22、ed in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 250, Respiratory equipment Open-circuit self-contained compressed air divi
23、ng apparatus Requirements, testing, marking EN 12021, Respiratory equipment Compressed gases for breathing apparatus EN 14143, Respiratory equipment Self-contained re-breathing diving apparatus EN ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres Salt spray tests EN ISO 12894, Ergonomics of the th
24、ermal environment Medical supervision of individuals exposed to extreme hot or cold environments EN ISO 15027-3, Immersion suits Part 3: Test methods EASA, Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Large Aeroplanes CS-25, Book 1 Appendix F EASA, ETSO-2C502, Helicopter crew
25、and passenger integrated immersion suits EASA, ETSO-2C503, Helicopter crew and passenger immersion suits for operations to or from helidecks located in a hostile sea area EASA, ETSO-2C504, Helicopter constant-wear lifejackets for operations to or from helidecks located in a hostile sea area World Me
26、dical Association Declaration of Helsinki Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects (as amended) prEN 4856:2017 (E) 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Emergency Breathing System EBS system that allows a p
27、erson to breathe underwater, overcoming the need to breath-hold for the complete duration of an underwater escape from a helicopter, that can be deployed under emergency conditions 3.2 rotorcraft heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by on
28、e or more rotors 3.3 helicopter rotorcraft that, for its horizontal motion, depends principally on its engine-driven rotors 3.4 ditching controlled emergency landing on water, deliberately executed in accordance with Rotorcraft Flight Manual procedures, with the intent of abandoning the rotorcraft a
29、s soon as practical 3.5 water impact helicopter contact with water that is unintentional or exceeds the ditching capability of the helicopter for water entry 3.6 mouthpiece device that goes into the mouth of the user, usually held by the teeth, sealing against the lips and through which a breathable
30、 gas is inhaled and exhaled 3.7 nose occlusion system means of preventing water from entering the nose Note 1 to entry: A nose clip is one example of a nose occlusion system. 3.8 demand regulator device which consists of a pressure reducer connected to a demand valve 3.9 medium pressure hose hose wi
31、th an interface connection at each end, between the pressure reducer and a demand valve 3.10 breathing hose flexible hose connecting a counterlung to the mouthpiece of a rebreather EBS, at approximately ambient pressure prEN 4856:2017 (E) 8 3.11 pressure indicator device to indicate to the user the
32、pressure of gas in a cylinder 3.12 purging device part of the demand regulator that may be operated manually to deliver breathable gas, intended to force water out of the mouthpiece 3.13 dead space volume of the cavity formed between the mouth and the inhalation and exhalation parts 3.14 activation
33、device mechanism which switches breathing from the atmosphere to the counterlung of a rebreather EBS 3.15 counterlung variable volume container for the user to exhale to and inhale from 3.16 breathable gas gas that will support life under the intended conditions of use 3.17 work of breathing work ex
34、pended during one breathing cycle which is proportional to the area bounded by the pressure volume diagram divided by the tidal volume Note 1 to entry: Measured in Joules per litre. 3.18 respiratory pressure differential pressure at the mouth relative to the no flow pressures measured at the end of
35、inhalation and exhalation 3.19 hydrostatic imbalance difference at end exhalation no flow between the pressure at the mouth and that at the lung centroid reference point 3.20 tidal volume volume of breathing gas displaced by the breathing simulator during one half cycle (inhalation or exhalation) me
36、asured in litres 3.21 respiratory minute volume product of the tidal volume and breathing frequency Note 1 to entry: Measured in litres per minute. prEN 4856:2017 (E) 9 3.22 useable volume of air volume of breathable air available to the user while the demand regulator is operating within the specif
37、ied breathing performance 3.23 rated working pressure maximum working pressure of the respective components 3.24 pressure volume diagram diagram generated during one breathing cycle by plotting the respiratory pressure against the displaced (tidal) volume 3.25 elastance change in pressure that resul
38、ts from a given volume change of the human lung, measured in kPa.L-1Note 1 to entry: This is a typical term for the elastic behaviour of a breathing system. 3.26 reference pressure equilibrium pressure which exists in the mouthpiece when there is no respiratory flow at the end of exhalation 3.27 esc
39、ape buoyancy buoyancy of the combination of an EBS, uninflated lifejacket and immersion suit (as appropriate) that must be overcome when escaping from an immersed helicopter Note 1 to entry: It includes the inherent buoyancy of the components of the suit system and entrapped air but excludes the inf
40、lated buoyancy of an inflatable buoyancy element when fitted to the suit. 3.28 crew member person assigned by an operator to perform duties on board an aircraft 4 Classification 4.1 Design types 4.1.1 Compressed air EBS A compressed air EBS is a system where air or some other breathable gas is suppl
41、ied to the user on demand from a high pressure gas cylinder, the period of breathing being limited by the volume of useable gas. The apparatus shall comprise at least the following components: mouthpiece; medium pressure hose; gas cylinder; demand regulator; prEN 4856:2017 (E) 10 pressure indicator;
42、 purging device; nose occlusion system. 4.1.2 Rebreather EBS A rebreather EBS is a system with a counterlung which allows the user to move air out of and back into their lungs, the period of rebreathing being limited by a build-up of carbon dioxide and a reduction in oxygen concentration. The system
43、 shall comprise at least the following components: mouthpiece; breathing hose; counterlung; activation device; nose occlusion system. 4.1.3 Hybrid rebreather EBS A hybrid rebreather EBS is a rebreather system that incorporates a compressed gas cylinder, allowing a small volume of air or other breath
44、able gas to be introduced into the counterlung, the period of rebreathing being limited by a build-up of carbon dioxide and a reduction in oxygen concentration. The system shall comprise at least the following components: mouthpiece; breathing hose; counterlung; gas cylinder with gas release system;
45、 activation device; nose occlusion system. 4.2 Performance levels 4.2.1 Category A Category A systems have the capability to be rapidly deployed and used both in air and underwater. These designs of EBS are suitable for use when capsize and/or sinking occurs immediately after the helicopter makes co
46、ntact with the water. 4.2.2 Category B Category B systems have the capability to be deployed in air and used both in air and underwater. These designs of EBS are suitable for use where there is sufficient time to deploy the equipment prior to prEN 4856:2017 (E) 11 any subsequent submersion. They wil
47、l have limited capability in water impact accidents as capsize and/or sinking is likely to occur immediately after the helicopter makes contact with the water. 5 Performance requirements 5.1 General 5.1.1 Where applicable, EBS shall be tested in combination with associated equipment, including an ap
48、proved lifejacket and/or immersion suit in accordance with 6.8. It shall be deployed in the same manner as it would be in normal service, and from the intended stowed position (6.1, 6.8.3). 5.1.2 If a compressed breathable gas other than air is used, additional assessment and testing may be required
49、. This shall be determined following visual inspection in accordance with 6.1. 5.2 Design 5.2.1 The EBS shall be practicable in use and light in weight without prejudice to the design strength and performance. Testing shall be carried out in accordance with 6.1 and 6.8. 5.2.2 The EBS shall be simple to deploy and capable of being operated with either hand. The number of deployment actions shall be minimised; for example, no more than one action should be required to activate a rebreather system on submersion, i.e.
