1、Designation: B1000 15Standard Practices forCasting Preparation and Test Procedure of PorcelainEnamel-lined Pipe, Fittings, and Valves for Use in theMunicipal Wastewater, Sewage, and Water TreatmentIndustry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B1000; the number immediately following th
2、e designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPorcelain enamel (glass)
3、 lining applied to the internal surfaces of ductile iron and steel pipe andfittings have been utilized in the municipal waste water and sewage treatment and water relatedindustries since the early 1960s as a deterrent to interior clogging in high solids process piping becauseof the hardness and sign
4、ificantly improved flow characteristics of the porcelain enameled product. Thecoating is applied using the wet process of porcelain enameling, whereby a slurry of wet enamel isspray applied to the properly prepared surface of the pipe, fittings, or valve component parts. Thewater is removed through
5、a drying process, and the product is then heat fused to the metal by heatingin a furnace at approximately 1350F (733C) for a sufficient time to allow fusing of the glass materialto the ductile iron or steel surface. It has been found to provide far better performance and longevityin these piping sys
6、tems than any organic lining material. Porcelain enamel or glass lining is notintended to be a highly corrosion-resistant, completely pinhole-free lining product but is utilized forits hardness and flow/slickness characteristics.1. Scope1.1 The following procedures and practices are intended toprovi
7、de guidelines for processing and quality control that willprovide acceptable results for the intended end use, keeping inmind the varying quality of the castings available.1.2 The recommendations are based on what have beenacceptable industry standards and experiences for over 40years of proven prod
8、uct usage.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
9、 any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5162 Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Test
10、ing of Non-conductive Protective Coating on Metallic SubstratesD5965 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Coating Pow-dersD7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-ings Applied to Non-Ferrou
11、s Metals2.2 NACE and SSPC Standard:3SP01882006 Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Pro-tective Coatings on Conductive Substrates2.3 NAPF Standard:4NAPF 500 Surface Preparation Standard for Ductile IronPipe and Fittings in Exposed Locations Receiving SpecialExternal Coatings and/or Special Interna
12、l Linings1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallicand Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 onMaterials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. DOI:10.1520/B
13、1000-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from NACE International (NACE), 15835 Park
14、 Ten Pl., Houston, TX77084, http:/www.nace.org.4Available from the National Association of Pipe Fabricators, 1901 N. W. 161stStreet, Edmond, OK 73013, .Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.4 AWWA Standard:5AWWA C151 Ducti
15、le-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast3. Recommendations Related to Inspection of IncomingCastings for Processing3.1 Ductile iron pipe should be ordered as a minimum of athickness Class 53 and be specified as “for glass lining.” Steelpipe should be ordered according to Table 1.3.2 All castings received sh
16、ould be supplied bare, withouthaving been previously coated or lined or otherwise exposedinternally to any prior organic lining product.3.3 The castings should be visibly inspected for excessivesurface irregularities such as pinholes or larger holes, cavities,sand inclusions or voids that will not a
17、llow for proper coverageof the porcelain enamel lining.3.4 Any indentations or subsurface defects in the castingshould be minor and should not exceed a depth of18 in.(3.2 mm). Gradual, sloping sides with no undercut edges arepermissible.3.5 Castings should also be inspected for sharp upwardprotrusio
18、ns, parting lines or other roughness creating any sharpedges. Grinding of these areas is permissible.4. Pre-lining Preparation of Acceptable Castings4.1 Minor protrusions, parting lines, or roughness may beground flush with the adjacent internal surfaces.4.2 Rust, loose scale, or other foreign mater
19、ial should beremoved from the surfaces that are to receive porcelain usingthe appropriate media and clean, dry, oil-free air. Refer toNAPF 500 for iron or NACE/SSPC SP01882006 for steel forsurface condition requirements.4.3 Use dry, oil-free air to remove any residual blast mediaor dust from the sur
20、face to be lined with the porcelain.4.4 Application of the porcelain material should take placewithin8hofcompletion of the blasting. Flash rust contami-nation on the blasted casting surfaces should be prevented.5. Qualification of Porcelain Enamel5.1 The glass lining applied to pipe and fittings sha
21、ll behard, smooth, continuous vitreous material.5.2 The glass portion of the lining, the frit(s) used in theformulation, as supplied from the manufacturer, shall have adensity of 2.5 to 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter as measured byTest Method D5965, Method A.5.3 The finished lining shall be able to
22、withstand a strain of0.001 inch/inch of the base metal without visible damage to theglass.5.4 The lining shall be capable of withstanding an instanta-neous thermal shock from ambient + 350F (177C) to ambientwithout visible crazing, blistering or spalling.5.5 There shall be negligible visible loss of
23、 surface gloss tothe lining after immersing a cut production sample in an 8% byweight sulfuric acid solution at 148F (65C) for a period of10 min.6. Application of the Wet Process Porcelain Enamel6.1 There are some proprietary processes used by variousapplicators to spray deliver the porcelain materi
24、al onto thesurface of the ductile iron product. The method of applicationis not important, providing the final quality of the finishedproduct meets acceptable limits of continuity, uniformity, andthickness.7. Final Product Inspection and Quality Guidelines7.1 Each pipe/fitting shall be inspected as
25、follows:7.1.1 Visually for voids, pinholes, crazing or fish scales thatshow bare metal. Such defects are cause for rejection. Anyvisually rejected product can be re-coated or re-blasted andre-coated.7.1.2 For lining thickness as tested with a Type I or Type IIdry film thickness gage as described in
26、Practice D7091.Aminimum of 10 mils (250 m) is required.7.1.3 For lining hardness as measured on the MOHS Hard-ness scale. A minimum of 5 is required.7.1.4 For holidays using the low voltage wet sponge testingapparatus as described in Test Method D5162, Method A. Adocumented procedure should ensure t
27、hat for long pipe, testingis performed from both ends of the pipe with the diameter ofthe dampened sponge exceeding the diameter of the pipe sothat the sponge is in full circumferential contact with the lining.Wetting agents should not be used. The sponge should bemoved over the surface at a moderat
28、e rate approximately0.3 m s (1 ft/s) using a two pass (in and out) motion over eacharea. Care should be exercised near the exposed pipe ends toprevent excess water from tracking and giving a false indica-tion. Limits for holidays are given in Table 2.5Available from the American Water Works Associat
29、ion, 6666 W. Quincy Ave,Denver, CO 80235, www.awwa.org.TABLE 1 Recommended Wall Thickness for Steel PipingDiameter Minimum Wall10 in. (25 cm) or smaller Schedule 40A12 in. (30.5 cm) and larger38 in. (9.5 mm)AAConsult with the lining manufacturer engineering for minimum wall thicknessTABLE 2 Allowabl
30、e Non-visible Holiday Indications PermittedFittings MaximumNumber ofHolidaysPipe MaximumNumber ofHolidaysA. .3 in. (7.6 cm)diameter up to 10 ft(3.1 m) long64 through 8 in. (10.2through 20.4 cm)diameter5 4 in. (10.2 cm)through 8 in. (20.4cm) diameter1210 through 18 in.(25.4 through 45.7cm) diameter8
31、10 in. (25.4 cm)through 18 in. (45.7cm) diameter2020 in. (50.8 cm)diameter and larger10 20 in. (50.8 cm)diameter and larger28AExcept as noted, these are for 20 ft (6.1 m) lengths. For shorter lengths, themaximum is proportional to the 20 ft (6.1 m) length.B1000 1527.1.5 For straightness performed us
32、ing a documented pro-cedure. The maximum deviation per pipe length is:Fabricated (Flanged and GroovedEnds)Bell X Spigot Pipe38 in.in20ft(9.5mmin6.1m)58 in.in20ft(15.9mmin6.1m)0.01875 in. per ft(0.0156 mm per cm)0.03125 in. per ft(0.0261 mm per cm)7.2 The manufacturer of the lining shall be willing t
33、onegotiate in the purchase contract for random jobsite samplingto confirm correlation between factory and jobsite test results.8. Quality Control Documentation8.1 All pipe and fittings and valve components should befactory tested by the manufacturer. Copies of the QualityControl Test Results should
34、accompany each shipment.8.2 The test documents should identify each individual itemtested by an identifying mark number and description, theQuality Control Sequence Number, date tested, inspectorsinitials, number of holidays detected, and the thickness of thelining in mils.9. Keywords9.1 fittings; p
35、ipe; porcelain enamelASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringemen
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