1、Designation: B495 10Standard Specification forZirconium and Zirconium Alloy Ingots1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers six grades of zirconium ingots.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given i
3、n parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 10, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety co
4、ncerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo
5、Straight-Beam Ex-amination by the Contact MethodE2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Metals3. Terminology3.1 Lot Definitions:3.1.1 ingot, na quantity of metal cast into a shape suitablefor subsequent processing to various mill products.4. Classification4.1 The ingots are
6、furnished in six grades as follows:4.1.1 Grade R60700Low oxygen unalloyed zirconium.4.1.2 Grade R60702Unalloyed zirconium.4.1.3 Grade R60703Unalloyed zirconium, metallurgicalgrade.4.1.4 Grade R60704Zirconium-tin alloy.4.1.5 Grade R60705Zirconium-niobium alloy.4.1.6 Grade R60706Zirconium-niobium allo
7、y.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-clude the following information:5.1.1 Quantity (weight),5.1.2 Name of material (zirconium ingot),5.1.3 Grade number (Section 4),5.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.5 Finish (Section 8), and5.1.6 Additions to
8、 the specification and supplementary re-quirements, if required.NOTE 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 10,000-lb zirco-nium ingot, machine conditioned, ASTM B495, dated _, Grade R60702.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The ingots covered by this specification shall be manu-factured by ele
9、ctron beam, vacuum, or inert atmospheremelting in furnaces conventionally used for reactive metals.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.7.2 When requested by the purchaser, a check analysis shallbe performed for any
10、 elements listed in Table 1.7.2.1 The manufacturers analysis shall be considered asverified if the check analysis confirms the manufacturersreported values within the tolerances prescribed in Table 2.8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance8.1 Ingots shall be conditioned by machining, grinding, orsurfa
11、ce fusion to remove gross surface and subsurface defectsdetrimental to subsequent fabrication.8.2 After conditioning has been completed, no abruptchanges in diameter or local depressions that will impairsubsequent fabrication shall be permitted. The difference1This specification is under the jurisdi
12、ction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.02 on Zirconium and Hafnium.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B495 05. DOI:10.152
13、0/B0495-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
14、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.between the maximum and minimum radii of the conditionedingot shall not exceed 20 % of the maximum radius, exceptwithin 6 in. (150 mm) of the ends of the ingot where roundingis permissible. Lands, grooves, and local depressions shall b
15、eblended to a maximum angle of 30 to the axis of the ingot.Each end of the ingot shall be chamfered or radiused. Theminimum chamfer or radius shall be12 in. (12 mm).9. Number of Tests and Retests9.1 At least one sample from the top, middle, and bottom ofeach ingot shall be analyzed chemically.9.2 An
16、 ultrasonic test shall be conducted on each ingot.9.3 Retests:9.3.1 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious contami-nation, improper preparation, or flaws disqualifying it as arepresentative sample, it should be discarded and a new sampleor specimen substituted.9.3.2 If the results of any test ar
17、e not in conformance withthe requirements of this specification, the ingot may be retestedat the option of the manufacturer. The ingot shall be acceptableif results of all retests following the initial test conform to thisspecification.10. Test Methods10.1 Ultrasonic TestInspect the ingots ultrasoni
18、cally bythe methods described in 10.1.1 and 10.1.2 unless otherwiseagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.10.1.1 StandardizationConduct the test in accordancewith Practice E114. The search unit shall be a longitudinalbeam transducer, operated at a frequency of 214 MHz using asuitable
19、 couplant with the piece being tested. Standardize thesearch unit on a test block, setting the back-reflection equal to100 %. The test block shall be of the same approximatediameter and surface condition as the ingot. Standardization isrequired before the inspection begins on the ingot. Make twotrav
20、erses along the length of the cylindrical ingot surface 90apart.10.1.2 Acceptance StandardsUse an acceptance standardcontaining a minimum of three holes, each 0.093 in. (2.36 mm)in diameter, at locations approximating the center, the mid-radius, and within 10 % of the back surface. If an indicationg
21、reater than the indication from the 0.093 in. (2.36 mm) hole atthe nearest approximate depth is observed, remove the ingotdefect. Note that the mid-radius hole can represent both the14and34 diameter depths. If the back reflection is between 50 and95 %, increase the gain to bring the back reflection
22、up to 100 %and inspect the trace indication to observe any internal reflec-tions greater than the indication from the reference standard.Again, remove such defects. Following such amplitude adjust-ment and inspection, recalibrate the search unit on the testblock to continue testing. A maximum of 10
23、% of the length ofthe ingot may consist of nonparallel sides such that the backreflection is not at least 50 %, provided each increment is notmore than 3 in. (75 mm) in length and each increment isseparated by an increment at least 3 in. (75 mm) long in whichthe back reflection is a minimum of 50 %
24、when calibrated inaccordance with 10.1.1.10.2 Chemical TestsConduct the chemical analysis by thestandard techniques normally used by the manufacturer. GuideE2626 may be used as a guide for chemical analysis tech-niques.11. Inspection11.1 The manufacturer shall inspect the material covered bythis spe
25、cification prior to shipment. If so specified in thepurchase order, the purchaser or his representative may witnessthe testing and inspection of the material at the place ofmanufacture. In such cases, the purchaser shall state in hispurchase order which tests he desires to witness. The manu-facturer
26、 shall give ample notice to the purchaser as to the timeand place of the designated tests. If the purchasers represen-tative does not present himself at the time agreed upon for thetesting, the manufacturer shall consider the requirement for thepurchasers inspection at the place of manufacture to be
27、waived.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAElementComposition, %UNS Grade DesignationR60700 R60702 R60703 R60704 R60705 R60706Zirconium + hafnium,min99.2 99.2 98.0 97.5 95.5 95.5Hafnium, max 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5Iron + chromium 0.2 max 0.2 max . 0.2 to 0.4 0.2 max 0.2 maxTin . . . 1.00 to 2.00 . .Hydrog
28、en, max 0.004 0.004 . 0.005 0.005 0.005Nitrogen, max 0.020 0.020 . 0.025 0.025 0.025Carbon, max 0.05 0.05 . 0.05 0.05 0.05Niobium . . . . 2.0 to 3.0 2.0 to 3.0Oxygen, max 0.10 0.16 . 0.18 0.18 0.16ABy agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, analysis may be acquired and limits establish
29、ed for elements and compounds not specified in the tableof chemical compositions.TABLE 2 Permissible Variation in Check Analysis BetweenDifferent LaboratoriesElementPermissible Variationin Check Analysis, %Hydrogen 0.005Nitrogen 0.01Carbon 0.02Hafnium 0.1Iron + chromium 0.03Tin 0.05Niobium 0.05Oxyge
30、n 0.02B495 10211.2 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser, without charge, all reasonable facilities tosatisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordancewith this specification. This inspection shall be so conducted asnot to interfere unnecessarily with t
31、he operation of the works.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer ors
32、upplier may make claim for a rehearing.13. Certification13.1 A producers or suppliers certification shall be fur-nished to the purchaser that the material was manufactured,sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this speci-fication and has been found to meet the requirements. A reportof th
33、e test results shall be furnished.14. Referee14.1 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the material to therequirements of this specification or any special test specifiedby the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in
34、question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.15. Packaging and Package Marking15.1 Each ingot shall be metal die stamped on the top withthe manufacturers ingot number. Each box or skid shall bemarked or tagged legibly and
35、conspicuously with the followinginformation: name; brand or trademark of the manufacturer;name of the material; gross, net, and tare weights; nominaldiameter; and ASTM designation.15.2 Ingots shall be boxed or banded on skids in such amanner as to ensure safe delivery to their destination whenproper
36、ly transported by any common carrier.16. Keywords16.1 ingot; zirconium; zirconium alloyASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of
37、the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Y
38、our comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your commen
39、ts have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or mu
40、ltiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B495 103
