1、Designation: C 10/C 10M 09Standard Specification forNatural Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 10/C 10M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses i
2、ndicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers natural cement.NOTE 1Examples of typical past uses of natural cement include unitmasonry mortar, cement plaster, grout, whitewash,
3、and concrete.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-con
4、formancewith the standard. Values in SI units or inch-pound units shallbe obtained by measurement in SI units or inch-pound unitsor by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversionand Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurementsmade in other units or SI units. Values are stated in onl
5、y SIunits when inch-pound units are not used in practice.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1
6、ASTM Standards:2C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of HydraulicCementC 183 Practice
7、 for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of HydraulicCementC 188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC 191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of HydraulicCement by Vicat NeedleC
8、204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC 465 Specification for Processing Additions for Use in theManufacture of Hydra
9、ulic CementsC 778 Specification for Standard SandC 786 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement andRaw Materials by the 300-m (No. 50), 150-m (No. 100),and 75-m (No. 200) Sieves by Wet MethodsIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Te
10、rminology3.1 For definitions of terms related to this specification, seeTerminology C 219.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following:4.1.1 This specification number and date, and4.1.2 Optional physical requirements as given in 7.2.5. Additions5
11、.1 The cement covered by this specification shall containno addition except as follows:5.1.1 Water, or calcium sulfate, or both.5.1.2 Processing additions used in the manufacture of thecement shall have been shown to meet the requirements ofSpecification C 465 in the amounts used or greater.6. Chemi
12、cal Requirements6.1 Natural cements shall conform to the standard chemicalrequirements in Table 1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.10 on Hydraulic Cements forGeneral Concrete Construction.Current edition a
13、pproved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1904. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 10 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe
14、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Physical Requirements7.1 Natural cements shall conform t
15、o the respective stan-dard physical requirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 In order to match historic cements, at the option of thepurchaser, the required values for % retention on the 300-m(N0. 50), 150-m (No. 100), and 75-m (No. 200) sieves, or ofair permeability fineness shall be agreed at time o
16、f placing theorder.NOTE 2If no data on historic cement fineness are available, thepurchaser may wish to consider that previous editions of this specificationfrom 1904 to 1976 required minimum values as follows:1954-1976: Minimum 550 m2/kg fineness (air-permeabilitymethod)1937-1954: Maximum 15% retai
17、ned on a 75-m (No. 200) sieve1904-1937: Maximum 10% retained on a 150-m (No. 100) sieve,maximum 30 % retained on a 75-m (No. 200) sieve8. Acceptance and Rejection8.1 Natural cement meets the strength requirements of thisstandard if the 7-day strength exceeds the minimum in Table 1.The cement also me
18、ets the strength requirements of thisstandard if the cement fails the 7-day strength minimum, butexceeds the 28-day strength minimum in Table 1.8.2 If the cement fails an initial test for autoclave expansion,it meets the requirements of this standard if it passes on asecond and third series of test
19、specimens.8.3 The cement shall be rejected if it fails to meet any of therequirements of this specification, subject to the provisions of8.1 and 8.2.8.4 Re-test cement remaining in storage for a period longerthan six months after initial test. Reject it if it fails to meet anyof the requirements of
20、this specification at that time.8.5 Tentative or provisional acceptance of the cement shallnot deprive the purchaser of the right of rejection in the eventfinal tests or retests fail to meet applicable requirements.8.6 At the option of the purchaser, packages more than 2 %below the mass marked there
21、on shall be rejected and if theaverage mass of packages in any shipment, as shown bydetermining the mass of 50 packages selected at random, is lessthan that marked on the packages, the entire shipment shall berejected.9. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 When the cement is delivered in packages, the
22、words“Natural Cement,” the name and brand of the manufacturer,and the mass of the cement contained therein, shall be plainlyindicated on each package. Similar information shall be pro-vided in the shipping documents accompanying the shipmentof packaged or bulk cement. All packages shall be in goodco
23、ndition at the time of inspection.10. Test Methods10.1 Sample the cement and determine the properties enu-merated in this specification in accordance with the followingASTM methods:10.1.1 SamplingPractice C 183.10.1.2 Chemical AnalysisTest Methods C114.10.1.3 FinenessOne of the following test method
24、s shallbe used:10.1.3.1 Test Method C 204. In this fineness determination,the specific gravity of natural cement shall be considered to be2.90. Tests shall be made at a porosity of 0.530 6 0.005. Incase of dispute, the true specific gravity used shall be asdetermined in accordance with Test Method C
25、 188.10.1.3.2 Test Method C 786.10.1.4 Autoclave ExpansionTest Method C 151 with thefollowing modification:10.1.4.1 The cement used in preparing the test specimensshall be a blend of 75 weight percent of the natural cement tobe tested with 25 weight percent of portland cement conform-ing to the requ
26、irements of Type II cement in SpecificationC 150.10.1.4.2 The natural cement and the portland cement shallbe dry mixed to a uniform blend before water is added.TABLE 1 Standard RequirementsApplicable Test Methods RequirementsChemical RequirementsLoss on ignition, max, %: C114 12Insoluble residue, mi
27、n, %: C114 2Sulfur trioxide (SO3), max, %: C114 3.0Physical RequirementsAutoclave length change, max, %: C 151, as modified in 10.1.4 0.80Fineness, m2/kg or % retained: C 204 or C 786ATime of setting, Vicat testB: C 191Time in minutes, not less than 30Air content of mortarC, volume %: C 185max 12Com
28、pressive strength, min, MPa psi: C 109/C 109M, as modified in 10.1.77 days 3.5 51028 days 7.0 1020AThe fineness shall be chosen at the option of the purchaser as per 7.2.BThe time of setting is that described as initial setting time in Test Method C 191.CCompliance with the requirements of this spec
29、ification does not necessarily ensure that the desired air content will be obtained in concrete.C 10/C 10M 09210.1.5 Time of SettingTest Method C 191.10.1.6 Air Content of MortarTest Method C 185. In thisair content determination, the specific gravity of natural cementshall be considered to be 2.90.
30、 In case of dispute, the truespecific gravity used shall be as determined in accordance withTest Method C 188.10.1.7 Compressive StrengthThe compressive strengthshall be determined for mortar cubes prepared as follows:10.1.7.1 The proportions shall be one part of cement to onepart of standard sand b
31、y mass. The amount of mixing water isbased on the amount of water required to produce a neatcement paste of normal consistency from the same sample ofcement according to Test Method C 187. Calculate the percent-age of water required as follows:y 5P31 6.5where:y = water required for the mortar as a p
32、ercentage of thecombined mass of cement and sand, andP = water needed for normal consistency, percent by massof cement.10.1.7.2 The standard sand shall be 20-30 sand conformingto Specification C 778.10.1.7.3 The mortar shall be mixed in accordance withPractice C 305. The quantities of materials to b
33、e mixed at onetime in the batch of mortar for making six and nine testspecimens shall be as follows:Number of Specimens69Cement, g 900 1335Sand, g 900 1335Water, mL 18y 26.7y10.1.7.4 The 2-in. 50-mm cube specimens shall be moldedand tested in accordance with Test Method C 109/C 109M.11. Keywords11.1
34、 hydraulic cement; natural cement; specificationSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C 10 07, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved June 1, 2009)(1) Revised the standard as a dual unit specificat
35、ion.Committee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C 10 06, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved December 1, 2007)(1) Revised Note 1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserte
36、d in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by th
37、e responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
38、careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internat
39、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 10/C 10M 093
