1、Designation: C 226 07Standard Specification forAir-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specific
3、ation covers the requirements and methodsfor establishing the suitability of a material for use as anair-entraining addition to be interground with the clinker in themanufacture of air-entraining hydraulic cement conforming toSpecifications C 150, C 595, and C 1157.1.2 The values stated in SI units
4、are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limita
5、tions prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Co
6、ncrete SpecimensC 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars(Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by theTurbidimeterC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weig
7、ht),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of HydraulicCementC 175 Discontinued 1971; Specification for Air-EntrainingPortlant Cement; Replaced by
8、C 1504C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of HydraulicCementC 191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of HydraulicCement by Vicat NeedleC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 204 Test Methods
9、for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 293 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Us-ing Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading)C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 596 Test
10、Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Con-taining Hydraulic CementC 666/C 666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement2.2 ACI Standards:5ACI 211.1-77 Recommended Practice for Selecting Propor-tions for Normal and Heavyw
11、eight Concrete3. Materials3.1 Cements:3.1.1 In cases where it is desired that the proposed air-entraining addition be accepted for general use in portlandcement, tests shall be made on six lots of cement ground atcement plants, using commercial grinding equipment. Fromeach of three different samples
12、 of clinkers, two lots of cementshall be ground, representing respectively: a Type I portlandcement containing not less than 9 % tricalcium aluminate1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Commitee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.Current
13、 edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 226 02.2See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTMStandards, Vol 04.01.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orco
14、ntact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.5Available from the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150, Detroit, MI48219.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at
15、the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(C3A), calculated as specified in Table 1 of Specification C 150and a Type II and a Type III portland cement all conforming toSpecification C 150. One lot, the “
16、control” shall be groundwithout the proposed air-entraining addition; the proposedaddition shall be interground with the other lot, using theaddition in such amounts as to produce the air/entrainmentrequired in Specification C 150. Not more than two of the threeclinkers shall be produced by or groun
17、d at the same mill.3.1.2 In cases where it is desired that the proposed air-entraining addition be limited in use to specific types of cementin specific cement manufacturing plants, either or both less innumber than required in 3.1.1, the tests and test procedure shallbe as specified in 3.1.1, excep
18、t that the number of cements tobe tested shall be limited to those under specific consideration.3.1.3 The two companion cements made from any oneclinker shall be ground to the same fineness (within 5 m2/kgwhen tested in accordance with Test Method C115) as mea-sured by the turbidimeter test (7.1.3)
19、or (within 10 m2/kg whentested in accordance with Test Method C 204) as measured bythe air permeability apparatus, and the sulfur trioxide (SO3)content expressed as a percentage of the cement weight andreported to the nearest 0.01 %, shall differ by no more than 0.3for all types of cement. Each “con
20、trol” cement shall complywith all of the requirements in the specification applicable tothat type of cement, and shall not contain the proposed additionwhen tested by the method furnished by the producer or sellerof the addition.3.1.4 The percentage of each of the following constituentsshall be dete
21、rmined for each lot of cement tested: silicondioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3),calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), SO3, ignitionloss, insoluble residue, sodium oxide (Na2O), and potassiumoxide (K2O). There shall also be calculated the potentialpercentages of the foll
22、owing compounds: tricalcium silicate,dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium alu-minoferrite. Determinations for the percentage of addition shallbe made on the cements containing the addition, using themethod proposed therefore by the maker or seller of theaddition.3.2 Aggregates:
23、3.2.1 The fine and coarse aggregates used in the tests shallconform to the requirements of Specification C33, except thatthe grading of the aggregates shall conform to the requirementsgiven in Table 1.3.2.2 The coarse aggregate shall be carefully separated onthe 25.0-mm (1-in.), 19.0-mm (34-in.), 12
24、.5-mm (12-in.),9.5-mm (38-in.), and 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieves, and then recom-bined, using equal quantities by weight of each of the resultingfour sizes.3.2.3 The fine and coarse aggregates used in the tests of anytwo companion cements (that is, a cement containing theaddition and the corresponding “co
25、ntrol” cement) shall eachcome from a single lot of such aggregate.3.3 Reference Addition:3.3.1 The reference addition used in the concrete mixturespecified in Section 8, from which specimens will be made fortests for resistance to freezing and thawing as specified in10.2.3, shall be any one of the f
26、our materials (Vinsol resin,Darex, N-TAIR, orAiralon) that have been declared acceptableby ASTM under the former Specifications C 175 48T.3.3.2 The reference addition to be used will be designatedby the person or agency for whom the testing will beperformed. If no reference addition is designated, t
27、he materialknown commercially as “Vinsol resin” shall be used. TheVinsol resin used shall be neutralized with 15 percent by massof sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The air contents of the concretecontaining the reference addition and the concrete containingthe proposed addition shall agree within 0.5 percen
28、tage points.3.3.3 The reference addition, used as an admixture, isintended for use with control cements only in concrete forfreezing-and-thawing tests to establish the durability factor bymeans of which the concretes containing the addition under testmay be evaluated.3.3.4 Preparation of Standard Re
29、ference Solutions:3.3.4.1 Place 50 g (total solids in the case of solution orpastes) of the designated reference addition in 500 mL offreshly distilled water in a 1000-mL flask and mix thoroughlyuntil the solids are completely dissolved or the paste or solutionis uniformly diluted. After surface foa
30、m has been dissipated,dilute to 1000 mL and mix thoroughly.3.3.4.2 In the case of Vinsol resin, the neutralized solutionshall be made as follows: Dissolve 7.50 g of cp NaOH in 100mL of distilled water. Add a few drops of this solution to 300to 350 mLof distilled water contained in a 600-mLbeaker.Add
31、50.00 g of dry, unneutralized Vinsol resin in pulverized form tothe beaker and stir until all of the resin is wetted and welldispersed. Then add all of the NaOH solution to this suspensionand stir until all of the resin is in solution. Transfer to ameasuring flask, dilute to 1000 mL and mix thorough
32、ly. Fromthis stock standard solution prepare a dilute standard solutionby diluting 100 mL of the stock solution to 1000 mL.4. General Requirements4.1 Air-entraining additions shall conform to the respectiverequirements prescribed in this specification.4.2 The trade name, source, and character of the
33、 material,and means for the quantitative identification of the proposedaddition in the finished cement, shall be furnished by the makeror seller of the addition, and that information shall form a partof the record of tests of the addition.4.3 Air-entraining additions shall be evaluated by testingcem
34、ents ground with and without the additions. The cementsTABLE 1 Grading Requirements of AggregatesSieve Percentage PassingFine Aggregate4.75-mm (No. 4) 1001.18-mm (No.16) 65 to 75300-m (No. 50) 15 to 20150-m (No. 100) 2 to 5Coarse Aggregate25.0-mm (1-in.) 10019.0-mm (34-in.) 7512.5-mm (12-in.) 509.5-
35、mm (38-in.) 254.75-mm (No.4) 0C226072ground without the additions shall be referred to in thisspecification as “control” cements.4.4 An air-entraining addition under this specification, wheninterground with hydraulic cement, shall produce a cement thatcomplies with the appropriate Specifications C 1
36、50, C 595,orC 1157 and when evaluated by the results of tests madeaccording to the procedures herein described, shall also complywith the following requirements as to the effect of the additionon the properties of the cement:4.4.1 The time of setting of cement containing the additionshall not vary f
37、rom the time of setting of the respective“control” cement by more than 50 %.4.4.2 The percentage autoclave expansion for cement con-taining the addition shall not exceed the percentage autoclaveexpansion for the corresponding“ control” cement by morethan 0.1.4.4.3 The compressive strength of standar
38、d mortar cubesmade with cement containing the addition shall be not less than80 % of the compressive strength of similar cubes made withthe corresponding “control” cement.4.4.4 The percentage length change of air-stored mortar barsmade with cement containing the addition, based on an initialmeasurem
39、ent at the age of 7 days, and expressed as apercentage change in length, shall be not more than 0.01greater than that of similar mortar bars made with the corre-sponding “control” cement and similarly tested.4.4.5 The percentage of air entrained in the concrete madewith cement containing the additio
40、n shall exceed by at least 2.5the percentage air in similar concrete prepared with thecorresponding “control” cement. (See 3.1.1 for the limitationof air-entraining properties of the “control” cement.)4.4.6 The compressive strength of the concrete made withcement containing the addition shall be not
41、 less than 80 % ofthe compressive strength of similar concrete made with thecorresponding “control” cement.4.4.7 The flexural strength of concrete made with cementcontaining the addition shall be not less than 85 % of theflexural strength of corresponding concrete made with the“control” cement.4.4.8
42、 In the freezing and thawing test, the durability factorof the concrete made with the cement containing the proposedaddition shall be not less than 80 % of the durability factor ofsimilar concrete made with the corresponding “control” cementand containing the reference addition as specified in 3.3.
43、(See11.1.3 for the method of calculating the durability factor.)5. Sampling Cement5.1 Samples of the plant-ground cements shall be obtainedduring grinding. Prior to the commencement of the sampling ofa given lot of cement, the mill shall have run for approximately4 h to establish equilibrium. Notes
44、shall be kept as to the rateand continuity of the feed of the addition, the form in which theaddition is used, strength of the solution, and the mill tempera-ture. Fineness of the grinding should be checked during thegrinding.5.2 The quantity of sample shall be not less than 272 kg(600 lb) for the c
45、ement containing the proposed addition andfor the corresponding control cement.5.3 As the cement samples are secured, they shall be placedin metal drums provided with gasket-fitted lids. The drumsshall be tightly closed at the end of the sampling period. Priorto use, the samples of a given lot of ce
46、ment shall be wellblended to form a uniform, representative composite.6. Test Methods6.1 Determine the properties enumerated in this specifica-tion in accordance with the methods prescribed in Sections7-11.7. Tests on Cement7.1 Test the cement samples in accordance with the follow-ing methods:7.1.1
47、Chemical Analysis of CementTest Methods C114.7.1.2 Determination of Addition in the Finished CementDetermine the percentage of the addition in the finished cementby the method furnished by the manufacturer or seller of theproposed addition. The method shall be adequate for thequalitative and quantit
48、ative determination of the addition in thefinished cement, and shall be fully described in the report of thetests on the addition.7.1.3 Fineness of CementTest Method C115or C 204.7.1.4 Normal ConsistencyTest Method C 187.7.1.5 Time of SettingDetermine the time of setting withthe Vicat needle, in acc
49、ordance with Test Method C 191.7.1.6 Autoclave ExpansionTest Method C 151.7.1.7 Air Content of MortarTest Method C 185.7.1.8 Compressive Strength of MortarTest Method C 109/C 109M.7.1.9 Length Change of MortarFor each lot of cement,determine the length change of mortar bars according to TestMethod C 596 except, after demolding, cure the specimens insaturated lime water for 6 days (7 days total age) and measurethe length of each specimen at 7 days of age. Then, place thespecimens in air storage for the remainder of the test period.Obtain a length comparator reading
