1、Designation: C240 16Standard Test Methods ofTesting Cellular Glass Insulation Block1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C240; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glassinsulation block for density, water absorption, compressivestrength, flexural strength at amb
3、ient temperature; preparationfor chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered stan
4、dard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referen
5、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties ofThermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC203 Test
6、 Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Proper-ties of Block-Type Thermal InsulationC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmissio
7、nProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insu-lation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate,and Sodium IonsD226/D226M Specification for Asphalt-Saturated OrganicFelt Used in Roofing and WaterproofingD4869/D4869M Specificati
8、on for Asphalt-Saturated Or-ganic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 3951 Sampling Procedure and Charts for Inspection byVariables for Percent Nonconforming32.3 Military Standard:MIL-I-24244 Specification Insulation Materials with SpecialCorrosion, Chloride, and Fluori
9、de Requirements42.4 Other Standard:NRC 1.36 Nonmetallic Thermal Insulation for AusteniticStainless Steel53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C168 shall be considered asapplying to the terms considered in these test methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods
10、 outlinethe particular points which have to be taken into account whenapplying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellularglass insulating block.5. Test Methods5.1 General Sample PreparationAll tests have to be runon dry specimens. In case of need, the sample must beunpacked and stored in a d
11、ry place in such a way that allsurfaces are exposed to the ambient air for a minimum of 24hours before testing.5.2 DensityDetermine the density in accordance with TestMethod C303. Preferably, the density shall be measured on afull block, 18 by 24 in. (450 by 600 mm) by full thickness.5.2.1 It shall
12、be noted that density is interesting as such forcalculation of insulated equipment load and because it hasinfluence on the other important properties of cellular glass.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subco
13、mmittee C16.32 onMechanical Properties.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C240 08 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/C0240-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
14、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from DLA Do
15、cument Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.5Available from Director of Regulatory Standards, US Atomic EnergyCommission, Washington, DC 20545.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
16、. United States1But it shall not be considered in itself as a criterion foracceptance in the case of cellular glass.5.3 Water Absorption:5.3.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofwater absorption of cellular glass insulating blocks by measur-ing the amount of water retained as a result
17、of completeimmersion for a prescribed time interval. Surface blotting isused to correct for the water absorbed on the cut surface cells.5.3.2 Significance and UseThis test method provides ameans of measuring the water absorption of cellular glassinsulating blocks under isothermal conditions as a res
18、ult ofdirect immersion in liquid water. It is intended for use inproduct evaluation and quality control.5.3.3 Equipment and Materials:5.3.3.1 Balance, minimum 1500 g capacity and 0.1 g orgreater sensitivity.5.3.3.2 Immersion Tank, equipped with inert specimen sup-ports and top surface weights such a
19、s stainless steel.5.3.3.3 Synthetic Sponge, 4 by 7 by 1.5 in. (100 by 180 by40 mm) or larger. Sponges found acceptable to use includecellulosic sponges and fine-pored absorbent synthetic plasticsponges.5.3.3.4 Test Room, with temperature of 70 6 5F (21 63C) and relative humidity of 50 6 10 %.5.3.3.5
20、 Distilled Water.5.3.4 Procedure:5.3.4.1 Carefully measure the thickness, width, and lengthto the nearest 1 mm of a cellular glass block, preferably 2 by12 by 18 in. (50 by 300 by 450 mm) and calculate the volumeand exposed surface area.5.3.4.2 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.1 g (W1), thensubme
21、rge it horizontally under 25 mm (1 in.) of watermaintained at 70 6 5F (21 6 3C). Inert top surface weightsare required to keep it submerged. After submerging it for 2 h,set the specimen on end on a damp cotton bath towel to drainfor 10 min. After the 10 min, remove the excess surface waterby hand wi
22、th a damp sponge for 1 min per large face and 1 minfor the four sides. Wring out the sponge before and once inbetween for each face and pass a minimum of two times oneach surface. Blot each face of the specimen equally bycompressing the sponge by a minimum of 10 % of its thick-ness. Weigh the specim
23、en immediately (W2) to the nearest 0.1g.5.3.5 Calculation of ResultsCalculate the weight of waterabsorbed (W2 W1) and express it as a function of the exteriorsurface of the sample (g/cm2). Water absorption is also beexpressed as a function of volume percent, absorbed watervolume divided by specimen
24、volume; or as a function ofweight percent, weight of water absorbed (W2 W1) dividedby the dry specimen weight (W1). Such ways of expressing theresults shall be strictly limited to direct comparison of resultson specimens of identical sizes.5.3.6 Precision and BiasThe precision as determined ininter-
25、laboratory tests is given in Research Report RR:C16-1007.6The repeatability or single-laboratory operator precisionis 60.00060 g/cm2or 60.030 volume % (61S). The repro-ducibility or multilaboratory operator precision is 60.00071g/cm2or 60.035 volume %. Due to a lack of a standard, nostatement is mad
26、e regarding bias.5.4 Compressive StrengthDetermine the compressivestrength in accordance with Test Method C165 Procedure A,with the following test parameters and specimen preparationtechniques:5.4.1 Each of the two parallel bearing surfaces of thespecimens shall be plane. When required, rub them on
27、asuitable abrasive surface to produce the required flat surface.5.4.2 The test specimens shall be 9 by 12 in. (225 by 300mm) by nominal received thickness, 12 by 18 in. (300 by 450mm) by nominal received thickness, or 18 by 24 in. (450 by600 mm) by nominal received thickness. Quadrant specimensshall
28、 be taken from any one of four equal area quadrants of thepreformed block. The minimum acceptable specimen size is 8by 8 in. (200 by 200 mm). The report shall include thespecimen size.5.4.3 Cap both bearing surfaces of the specimens as follows:Coat one surface with molten Type III or Type IV asphalt
29、(350, +50, 25F (preheated to 177, +28, 14C), completelyfilling the surface cells with a small excess. Such a coatingapplication rate is approximately 0.20 lb/ft2(1.0 kg/m2) 6 25%. Immediately press the hot coated block onto a precut pieceof felt or paper laying on a flat surface. This is to prevent
30、theasphalt surface from sticking to the compression platten duringthe test. A lightweight kraft paper is suitable, although tradi-tionally a Type 1 roofing felt paper, commonly called a No. 15asphalt felt, per Specification D226/D226M or D4869/D4869M has been used.NOTE 1A hot asphalt capping is used
31、 to simulate field appliedsystems, which require a high load bearing insulation product, rangingfrom roof applications to cryogenic storage tank base applications.Uncapped material or different cappings will give different values.Properly capped surfaces shall be approximately plane andparallel. Set
32、 the specimens on edge, exposing both cappedsurfaces to room temperature for a minimum of 15 min toallow the asphalt to harden before testing.5.4.4 The number of specimens to be tested and the sam-pling plan shall conform to Practice C390 where applicable.For the purpose of inspection by users repre
33、sentative orindependent third party, the number of specimens shall con-form to ISO 3951 inspection level S-4, 10.0 % AQL using theS method.5.4.5 Compress the specimen until failure. The deformationat failure will vary, depending on the thickness of insulationand the thickness of the capping material
34、s. Record the loads atthe failure point or definite yield point. The compressive6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C16-1007. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.C240 162strength is calculated from this lo
35、ad divided by the specimencross sectional area in accordance with Test Method C165.5.4.6 The rate of loading shall be determined by usingconstant load rates of 250 lbf/s (1100 N/s) for 9 by 12 in. (225by 300 mm) specimens, 500 lbf/s (2200 N/s) for 12 by 18 in.(300 by 400 mm) specimens and 1000 lbf/s
36、 (4400 N/s) for 18by 24 in. (450 by 600 mm) specimens. An alternate methodwould be to use a crosshead speed of 0.01 in./min (0.1mm/min) per inch (centimetre) of specimen thickness.5.4.7 Due to the sample preparation, with the inclusion offelts and asphalt, the method described in Test Method C165 to
37、determine compressive modulus of elasticity does not apply forcellular glass as a material by itself.NOTE 2It has been found extremely convenient to employ a partiallysubmerged roll (see Fig. 1) for applying the asphalt.5.5 Flexural StrengthDetermine flexural strength in ac-cordance with Test Method
38、 C203, Method I or Method II,ProcedureA, preferably with a test specimen 1 in. thick by 4 in.wide by 12 in. long ( 25 mm thick by 100 mm wide by 300 mmlong).5.5.1 Measure the distance between the supports fromcenter to center of the bearing bars.5.5.2 The number of specimens to be tested and the sam
39、-pling plan shall conform to Practice C390 where applicable.For the purpose of inspection by users representative orindependent third party, the minimum number of specimensshall conform to ISO 3951 inspection level S-3, 10.0 % AQLusing the S method.5.6 Thermal ConductivityDetermine the thermal condu
40、c-tivity in accordance with Test Method C177 or Test MethodC518. In the case of cellular glass, the following points deservespecial attention:5.6.1 To achieve flatness and parallelism of the surface asrequired by Test Method C177 or Test Method C518, thefollowing method is suggested:5.6.1.1 By sawin
41、g from the original block, prepare a speci-men with the required dimensions, its thickness being 2 or 3mm greater than the final thickness.5.6.1.2 Place the specimen on a flat metal plate slightlylarger than the specimen itself and put two machined metalbars on the metal plate near two opposite side
42、s of the specimen.Insert a uniform sheet of paper with a thickness 0.01 in. (14mm) between the flat base plate and the metal bars but notunder the sample. The metal bars are as thick as the finalthickness of the specimen and machined so that their top andbottom surfaces are flat and parallel.Alterna
43、tively to machinedbars, is the use of cold-rolled steel bars. These bars generallyare sufficiently flat and uniform in thickness.5.6.1.3 Using a third straight metal bar long enough to lapmetal bars on each side, carefully rub off the upper face of thespecimen until the scraping bar just contacts th
44、e thickness bars.5.6.1.4 Turn the specimen upside down and place it back onthe flat metal plate and put the two metal bars on the metalplate near two opposite sides of the specimen, this time withoutthe sheet of paper under each metal bar.5.6.1.5 Repeat the rubbing operation described in 5.6.1.3.5.6
45、.1.6 If the specimens have to be shipped, provide ad-equate protection.5.6.2 Due to the rigid nature of the material and its open cellsurface, it is preferable to have the thermocouples mounted onthe surface of the plates and not adhered to the surface of thespecimens.5.6.3 For maximum accuracy, it
46、is recommended that thetemperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces of thespecimens is such that the temperature gradient in the specimenequals or exceeds 40 F/in. (900 K m1).Avoid specimens madefrom several pieces of cellular glass. Joints are prohibited inthe central measuring area and
47、 their number shall be minimizedin the guard area.5.6.4 The number of specimens to be tested and the sam-pling plan shall conform to Practice C390 where applicable.For the purpose of inspection by users representative orindependent third party, the number of specimens shall con-form to ISO 3951 insp
48、ection level S-3, 10.0 % AQL using theS method.5.7 Specimen Preparation for Chemical AnalysisWhenspecified in the purchase order or contract, the followingchemical analysis results shall be furnished to the purchaser.5.7.1 Chemical Analysis for Leachable Chloride,(Fluoride), Silicate, and Sodium Ion
49、sDetermine leachablechloride, (fluoride), silicate and sodium ions in accordancewith Test Methods C871, MIL-I-24244, or NRC 1.36, with thefollowing exceptions or additions. The test specimen shall beprepared for leaching by either of the following equivalentmethods:5.7.1.1 Method ABreak 300 g of the sample into smallsize pieces12 in. (13 mm) or less. Comminute in a nominal1-gal (4-L) mill one-third to one-half full of appropriate mediafor 10 min. Screen out the 200 + 325 mesh fraction of 50 g,wash on the finer screen with 400 to 600 mL of cp met
