1、Designation: C413 01 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forAbsorption of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts,Monolithic Surfacings, and Polymer Concretes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Sco
3、pe1.1 This test method covers the determination of the absorp-tion of chemical-resistant mortars, grouts, monolithicsurfacings, and polymer concretes. These materials may bebased on resin, silicate, silica, or sulfur binders.1.2 Mold Method A is used for systems containing aggre-gates less than 0.06
4、25 in. (1.6 mm) in size. Mold Method B isused for systems containing aggregates from 0.0625 to 0.4 in.(1.6 to 10 mm) in size. Mold Method C is used for systemscontaining aggregates larger than 0.4 in.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parenth
5、eses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
6、safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming ConcreteTest Cylinders VerticallyC904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonme-tallic Materials3. Term
7、inology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, see Terminology C904.4. Significance and Use4.1 The results obtained by this test method should serve asa guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of achemical-resistant material for a particular application. Noattempt
8、 has been made to incorporate in the test method all thevarious factors which may affect the performance of a materialwhen subjected to actual service.4.2 This is not a test for permeability and the test results arenot to be interpreted as a measurement of, or indication of, thepermeability properti
9、es of the materials tested.5. Apparatus5.1 Equipment, capable of weighing materials or specimensand for determining specific gravity to 60.03 % accuracy.5.2 Equipment for Mixing, consisting of a flat-bottom con-tainer of suitable size, preferably corrosion-resistant, and atrowel havinga4to5in.(100 t
10、o 125 mm) blade, and a spatulaor a rounded-end rod.5.3 Container, a glass flask of suitable size to hold thespecimens and the water and connected reflux condenser.5.4 Equipment for Heating, a hot plate or heating mantle.5.5 Specimen Molds:5.5.1 Mold Method AThese molds shall be right cylinders1 6132
11、 in. (25 6 0.8 mm) in diameter by 1 6132 in. (25 60.8 mm) high. The molds may be constructed in any mannerthat will allow formation of a test specimen of the desired size.Typical molds may consist of a 1 in. thick flat plastic sheet inwhich 1 in. diameter, smooth-sided holes have been cut, and tothe
12、 bottom of which a14 in. (6 mm) thick flat plastic sheet(without matching holes), is attached by means of screws orbolts. Alternatively, the molds may consist of sections of roundplastic tubing or pipe, 1 in. in inside diameter and 1 in. long,having sufficient wall thickness to be rigid and retain d
13、imen-sional stability during the molding operation, and a14 in. thickflat plastic sheet on which one open end of each section can berested. With the latter style of mold, the tubing segment may besealed with a material such as caulking compound or stopcockgrease. For most types of specimens it is sa
14、tisfactory to simplyseal one end of the tubing segment with strips of 2 in. widemasking tape.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C03 onChemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee C03.01 on Mortars and Carbon Brick.Current edition
15、 approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C413 01 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/C0413-01R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
16、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 1For use with sulfur materials, an additional piece of flat plasticsheet at least1
17、8 in. (3 mm) thick containing a14 in. (6 mm) hole and asection of plastic tubing 1 in. (25 mm) in diameter by 1 in. high arerequired. They are used to form a pouring gate and reservoir in thepreparation of sulfur material specimens.5.5.2 Mold Method BMolds for the 2 in. (50 mm) cubespecimens shall b
18、e tight fitting and leakproof. The parts of themolds, when assembled, shall be positively held together. Themolds shall be made of metal not attacked by the material. Thesides of the molds shall be sufficiently rigid to preventspreading or warping. The interior faces of the molds shall bemanufacture
19、d to ensure plane surfaces with a permissiblevariation of 0.002 in. (0.05 mm). The distances betweenopposite faces shall be 2 6116 in. (50 6 0.8 mm). The heightof the molds, measured separately for each cube compartment,shall be 2 6116 in. The angle between adjacent interior facesand top and bottom
20、planes of the mold shall be 90 6 0.5measured at points slightly removed from the intersection ofthe faces.5.5.3 Mold Method CMolds shall be right cylinders madeof heavy gage metal or other nonabsorbent material. Thecylinder diameter shall be at least four times the nominalmaximum aggregate size in t
21、he mix. The minimum cylinderdiameter shall be 2 in. (50 mm). The cylinder height shall betwo times the diameter. The plane of the rim of the mold shallbe at right angles to the axis within 0.5. The mold shall be atright angles to the axis within 0.5. The mold shall not varyfrom the prescribed diamet
22、er by more than116 in. (1.5 mm) norfrom the prescribed height by more than18 in. (3 mm). Moldsshall be provided with a flat base plate with a means forsecuring it to the mold at a right angle to the axis of thecylinder in the instance of reusable metal molds. Single-usemolds shall conform to Specifi
23、cation C470/C470M.NOTE 2The material from which the mold is constructed must becorrosion resistant and have antistick properties. Polyethylene,polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and metal forms having either asintered coating of tetrafluoroethylene or a suitable release agent compat-ible with t
24、he material being tested are satisfactory. Because of theirsuperior heat resistance, only trifluorochloroethylene and tetrafluoroeth-ylene mold release agents should be used with sulfur materials.6. Temperature6.1 The temperature in the vicinity of the mixing operationshall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C).7. T
25、est Specimens7.1 Number of SpecimensAt least six specimens shall beprepared.7.2 Preparation of Specimens:7.2.1 Resin, Silicate, and Silica MaterialsMix a sufficientamount of the components in the proportions and in the mannerspecified by the manufacturer of the materials. Fill the moldsone-half full
26、. Remove any entrapped air by using a cutting andstabbing motion with a spatula or rounded-end rod. Fill theremainder of the mold, working down into the previouslyplaced portion. Upon completion of the filling operation, thetops of the specimens should extend slightly above the tops ofthe molds. Whe
27、n the molds have been filled, strike off theexcess material, even with the top of the mold. Permit thematerial to remain in the mold until it has set sufficiently toallow removal without danger of deformation or breakage.7.2.2 Silicate MaterialsSome silicates may require cover-ing during the curing
28、period. After removal from the molds,acid-treat the specimens, if required, in accordance with therecommendations given by the manufacturer. No other treat-ment shall be permitted. Record the method of treatment in thereport section under Conditioning Procedure.7.2.3 Sulfur Materials:7.2.3.1 Sulfur
29、Mortars Slowly melt a minimum of 2 lb(900 g) of the material in a suitable container at a temperatureof 265 to 290F (130 to 145C) with constant agitation. Stir tolift and blend the aggregate without beating air into the melt.Place the piece of plastic sheet containing the14 in. (6 mm)round hole over
30、 the open face of the mold with the holecentered on the face. On top of the piece of plastic sheet andsurrounding the hole, place a section of plastic tubing or pipe1 in. (25 mm) in diameter by 1 in. (25 mm) high. Pour themelted material through the hole into the mold and continue topour until the s
31、ection of tubing or pipe is completely filled. Theexcess material contained in the hole in the plastic sheet acts asa reservoir to compensate for shrinkage of the material duringcooling.7.2.3.2 Allow the specimen to remain in the mold until ithas completely solidified. Upon removal, file, grind, or
32、sandthe surface flush, removing the excess material remaining atthe pouring gate.7.2.3.3 Sulfur ConcreteHeat and mix a sufficient amountof aggregate components and sulfur cement in the proportionsand in the manner specified by the manufacturer to a tempera-ture of 265 to 290F (130 to 145C). Fill the
33、 molds one-halffull. Rod 25 times using a rounded58 in. (15 mm) diameter rod.Distribute the strokes uniformly over the cross section of themold. Repeat with two additional portions allowing the rod topenetrate about12 in. (12 mm) into the underlying layer. Afterconsolidation, the tops of the specime
34、ns should extend slightlyabove the tops of the molds. Finish the top surface by strikingoff the excess material even with the top of the mold. Permitthe material to remain in the mold until it has cooled suffi-ciently to allow removal without danger of deformation orbreakage.NOTE 3Use of vibrators i
35、s generally not required for sulfur concretebut may be required for other materials using Mold Method C. The typeand method of vibrating will be as recommended by the manufacturer andshall be specified in the test report.7.3 Conditioning Test Specimens :7.3.1 Resin and Silica Materials Age the speci
36、mens in airat 73 6 4F (23 6 2C), for a period of seven days includingthe time in the mold before testing. Use longer cure times ifrecommended by the manufacturer.7.3.2 Silicate MaterialsFollow the same procedure asgiven in 7.3.1, the only exception being that the relativehumidity of the surrounding
37、air must be kept below 80 %.7.3.3 Sulfur Materials The standard conditioning time forthe specimen, in air at 73 6 4F, is to be 24 h, including thetime in the mold. If conditioning time is more or less than24 h, report the actual time conditioned, including the time inthe mold.C413 01 (2012)28. Proce
38、dure8.1 After the conditioning period, weigh the specimens tothe nearest 1 mg (see D in 9.1.)8.2 Place the weighed specimens in the flask (Note 4), andadd water (for resin and sulfur materials) or xylene (for silicateor silica materials) until the specimens are completely covered.Install the water-c
39、ooled condenser, and heat the flask by meansof a hot plate or heating mantle.NOTE 4The flask shall have a wire screen or glass beads on thebottom to prevent the specimens from coming in contact with the heatedbottom of the flask.8.3 Boil the liquid for 2 h.NOTE 5For sulfur materials, the temperature
40、 shall be held at 190F(88C) instead of boiling.8.4 After the heating period, cool the flask to roomtemperature, 73 6 4F (23 6 2C). The cooling may beaccelerated by running cold water over the outside of the flaskwhile swirling the flask.8.5 After cooling the flask, remove and blot each specimenwith
41、a damp cotton cloth to remove all liquid droplets from thesurface, and determine the saturated weight, W, to the nearest1 mg. Excessive blotting will introduce error by withdrawingliquid from the pores of the specimen.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the absorption, in weight % as follows:A 5 W 2 D!/D# 3
42、100where:A = absorption, %,W = saturated weight of specimen, g (see 8.5), andD = weight of specimens after conditioning, g (see 8.1).10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Complete material identification, date,10.1.2 Mixing ratio,10.1.3 Conditioning Procedure, including whether sili
43、cateor silica materials were acid treated, and how,10.1.4 Whether water or xylene was used,10.1.5 Individual and average values for the specimens aspercentage of absorption, and10.1.6 Conditioning time.10.2 Report the average values for the six specimens aspercentage of absorption.11. Precision and
44、Bias11.1 Precision and bias for this test method have not beenestablished.11.2 Test specimens that are manifestly faulty should berejected and not considered in determining the percentage ofabsorption.11.3 If any absorption value differs from the mean by morethan 15 %, the farthest value from the me
45、an shall be rejectedand the mean recalculated. Repeat the process until all of thetest values are within 15 % of the mean. If less than two thirdsof the values remain, the test will be rerun.12. Keywords12.1 absorption; chemical-resistant grouts; chemical-resistant monolithic surfacings; chemical-re
46、sistant mortars;polymer concretes; porosityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and
47、the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision
48、 of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shou
49、ldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM
