1、2003年中国科学院考博英语真题试卷（精选）及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The prisoner _ that he had assaulted a policeman. （ A） refused （ B） denied （ C） rejected （ D） declined 2 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be _ controlled and modified. （ A） deliberately （
2、B） consequently （ C） originally （ D） absolutely 3 “Do you like your boss?“ No, he is too _. （ A） in demand （ B） demanded （ C） on demand （ D） demanding 4 If somebody is _, he is given a medal or other honor as an official reward for what he has done. （ A） confirmed （ B） decorated （ C） appreciated （ D
3、） nominated 5 The _ now seems to stand as the primary barrier to a new era of strong economic growth. （ A） defect （ B） descent （ C） deficit （ D） defeat 6 We argued that the sickness or crisis of capitalism was not at heart a technical matter, but a lack of legitimacy with _ to the system itself. （ A
4、） respect （ B） concern （ C） accordance （ D） pertinence 7 When there are not enough volunteers for the armed forces, the government _ additional men. （ A） revises （ B） encourages （ C） suspends （ D） conscripts 8 Ive worked with him now over the course of four years, I know him _. （ A） here and there （
5、 B） back and forth （ C） backwards and forwards （ D） now and then 9 A scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying. This happens when a fact is discovered which seems to _ what the law would lead one to expect. （ A） prove （ B） support （ C） contradict （ D） discourage 10 I said that I could n
6、ot commit myself as my academic time was not yet finished, but I would like to be at their _ later. （ A） disposal （ B） guidance （ C） assistance （ D） supervision 11 Yesterday you were acclaimed; today you are _. Isnt life full of ups and downs? （ A） lauded （ B） censured （ C） savored （ D） appraised 12
7、 The kitchen was small and _ so that the disabled woman could reach everything without difficulty. （ A） complete （ B） complex （ C） composite （ D） compact 13 Nobody at work is very happy, because last weeks sales figures were pretty _. （ A） destroying （ B） depressing （ C） deceasing （ D） declining 14
8、In the morning Bernard was pale and his hand trembled too much even to lift his coffee cup, _ butter his toast. （ A） as well as （ B） rather than （ C） or else （ D） let alone 15 Why not try to follow their carefree example and _ your worries and woes? （ A） take away （ B） leave out （ C） shrug off （ D）
9、break through 16 The amending treaty on European Union can become law only if there is _ agreement to this effect. （ A） overall （ B） unified （ C） overwhelming （ D） unanimous 17 The trouble is that various worldly pressures will make you more, not less, inclined to play it _. （ A） safe （ B） safely （
10、C） to safety （ D） in safety 18 Children who are described as mildly mentally handicapped are often upset to hear themselves described as such, and such terms as “children with learning difficulties“ are now _. （ A） at large （ B） by use （ C） in vogue （ D） for change 19 There are three bodies of writi
11、ng that _ on this question and we will consider each in turn. （ A） bear （ B） live （ C） count （ D） rely 20 The suggested causes of a given phenomenon cannot always be independently observed, and so it is hard to _ the possibility of there being explanations alternative to the one proposed. （ A） accou
12、nt for （ B） rule out （ C） guard against （ D） do with 二、 Cloze 20 Acid rain leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the pH is below 5.0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged.【 21】 , the acid alters the blood
13、 chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environment decreases【 22】 becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the【 23】 salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams
14、. The impact is also【 24】 in the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where fish populations are【 25】 the decline. What potential remedies exist for the acid rain【 26】 ? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be【 27】 to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say th
15、at if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would have planned【 28】 to prevent it.【 29】 , all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another【 30】 is that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good【 31】 of the polluta
16、nts before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even include breeding more【 32】 fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in【 33】 acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a【 34】 of remedies and international c
17、ooperation must be explored. It is a sad fact that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we【 35】 what we know now. （ A） Likewise （ B） Besides （ C） Thus （ D） Otherwise （ A） and （ B） then （ C） hence （ D） or （ A） entire （ B） complete （ C） total （ D） all （ A） imaginable （ B） understandable （ C）
18、considerable （ D） unaccountable （ A） on （ B） to （ C） with （ D） at （ A） matter （ B） issue （ C） affair （ D） question （ A） announced （ B） ordered （ C） imposed （ D） enacted （ A） faster （ B） more （ C） better （ D） harder （ A） Furthermore （ B） Conversely （ C） Accordingly （ D） Nevertheless （ A） possibility
19、（ B） perspective （ C） occurrence （ D） opportunity （ A） piece （ B） portion （ C） section （ D） segment （ A） tolerated （ B） tolerant （ C） tolerable （ D） intolerant （ A） descending （ B） declining （ C） reducing （ D） relieving （ A） combination （ B） alliance （ C） mixture （ D） union （ A） know （ B） knew （ C）
20、had known （ D） have known 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 States are considering major changes in prepaid college tuition programs - raising prices, restricting participation of canceling them - as they grapple with financial woes. Nationwide, families will likely have to pay more to participate, or acc
21、ept that they might not cover tuition when children go to college. Colorado has closed its prepaid plan to new investors and told existing ones that it may not cover future tuition increases. Wisconsin stopped selling its plan Dec. 20. Maryland and Illinois are among states hiking prices by 20% or m
22、ore. Prepaid plans let parents lock in tuition by paying for it now, protecting them against rising costs. But the hear market has hurt investment returns, leaving the plans unable to keep up with big increases in tuition. So far, Colorado is the only state that has told participants their investmen
23、ts may not cover tuition, and no plan has missed a payment. Other states have said they will fulfill obligations, even if it requires a legislative bailout. Still, the financial problems have forced thousands to grapple with uncertainty - something prepaid plans were designed to avoid. More than 1 m
24、illion families have an estimated $ 8 billion invested in the plans, says Saving for College. com . Some states, including Colorado, may replace the prepaid plan with a guaranteed investment contract, a CD-like investment thats backed by an insurance company. Investors get a minimum rate of return,
25、but no guarantee that it will cover tuition. Wisconsins EdVest program is encouraging investment in a stable value fund, which is similar to a guaranteed investment contract, in its investment plan. Wisconsins prepaid plan never guaranteed to cover tuition inflation. It also never got a lot of inves
26、tors, possibly because it lacked that guarantee. In Florida, a task force is considering limiting the states prepaid program to low-income families. Ohio officials are also looking at limiting participation, but its a measure they hope to avoid. “Program administrators are looking for alternatives,“
27、 says Andrea Feirstein, a state-plan consultant. Maryland recently boosted its prices by up to 30%; Illinois by up to 23%. The increases have made some prepaid plans uneconomical for parents of older children. In Ohio, the price of one years tuition for a child over 12 months old is $ 8, 000, more t
28、han 40% above current tuition at Ohio State. SO it may not be a good deal for children starting college in three or four years because tuition may not jump that much that fast. 36 Prepaid college tuition is generally designed on the principle that _. （ A） it is easy to pay at the present time （ B） i
29、t is economical in the long run （ C） it saves pains to pass the entrance exam （ D） it ensures the admission to the college 37 Many states plan to modify their prepaid college tuition programs _. （ A） under the mounting financial pressures （ B） because of deficient college facilities （ C） to ease ove
30、rcrowding problems in college （ D） to limit the participation of low-income families 38 The word “investors“ (in boldface in Paragraph 2) most exactly refers to those who _. （ A） serve as the main source of finance to the state （ B） invest money in developing local colleges （ C） sponsor colleges and
31、 their educational programs （ D） join the plan and pay the tuition in advance 39 Colorado now has told participants in the prepaid tuition plan that _. （ A） they would not have to make any other payment later （ B） they would not be guaranteed against further payment （ C） the plan would cover further
32、 tuition increases （ D） the plan would be replaced by a guaranteed investment contract 40 The expression “a CD-like investment“ (in boldface in Paragraph 5) most probably refers to an investment _. （ A） to support civil defense （ B） put in producing compact disc （ C） to promote show industry （ D） li
33、ke certificate deposit 41 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that in Ohio _. （ A） prepaid plans require a participation at most 3 or 4 years before starting college （ B） children may start college 3 or 4 years earlier than at a normal age if they prepay tuition （ C） college tuition 3 or 4 ye
34、ars later may not be so high as todays price of prepaid tuition （ D） the younger a child to join the plan, the greater loss he/she will suffer at the age for college 41 Potentially offering a powerful new tool against terrorism, researchers have found a novel way to detect deception: in the liars bl
35、ushing face. The technique, described in the journal, Nature, uses a thermal camera to detect sudden, involuntary shifts of blood flow in the face. The system performed as accurately as a traditional polygraph, the scientists report. Yet the camera can provide answers instantly, and does not require
36、 a highly trained specialist to operate it or interpret its results. This makes it far better suited than the polygraph for a new, high-tech approach to security that is already raising the hackles of civil libertarians: the screening of large numbers of citizens, at airports and other sensitive are
37、as, who have done nothing wrong. “The next decade is going to see the development of truly accurate lie detectors,“ said Stephen M. Kosslyn, an expert on detecting lies and a professor of psychology at Harvard University. The prototype, built by researchers at the Mayo Clinic and Honeywell Laborator
38、ies in Minnesota, is at least 2 years from being ready for general use. But other scientists said the discovery of previously unknown physiological changes in the face was itself an important step forward. “This is potentially very important work, which may open a new window on the mind,“ said Kossl
39、yn. Pushed by technological advances, and with fresh interest, since Sept. 11, the discovery is part of a boom in the scientific study of deceit and its detection. Although the lie remains a mysterious phenomenon, researchers in recent years have found a number of new approaches that might replace t
40、he polygraph, from brain scans, to subtle changes in eye movement, to sparks of electrical activity that signal a person has seen a victim or a crime scene before. The new finding, though, is remarkable for its simplicity. When a person tells a lie, the team found, there is a sudden rush of blood to
41、 the area around the eyes, according to the Mayo Clinics Dr. James A. Levine. Although the change is not: ordinarily visible, the blood warms the skin, causing hands of color to appear through a camera sensitive to heat. The team devised a computer program that can identify the telltale changes base
42、d on the camera images. In testing at the US Department of Defense Polygraph Institute, which trains federal polygraph examiners, the device performed better than polygraphs, with 85 percent accuracy compared with 70 percent for the polygraph. 42 Compared with a traditional polygraph a thermal camer
43、a _. （ A） can show accurate results （ B） can easily be handled by anybody （ C） is a high-tech approach to security （ D） is used to fight against terrorism 43 The phrase “raising the hackles of“ (in boldface in Paragraph 3) most probably means _. （ A） arousing someones interest （ B） giving someone hi
44、gh priority （ C） drawing someones attention （ D） making someone feel very angry 44 A thermal camera is expected to detect deception by _. （ A） showing the physiological changes in the liars face （ B） scanning the liars brain and his/her whole body （ C） catching the sudden movements of the liars eyes
45、 （ D） screening the sudden rush of the bars blood pressure 45 With respect to the advances in studying lie detection scientists think highest of _. （ A） simplifying the entire process of detection （ B） the mechanic design of thermal cameras （ C） substituting new approaches for polygraph （ D） the dis
46、covery that one blushes while telling lies 46 It can safely be inferred that Sept. 11 _. （ A） confirmed the failure of polygraph in detecting deception （ B） made Americans begin to know about lie detection （ C） gave a spur to the study of lie detection in the United States （ D） triggered Americas de
47、velopment of lie detectors 47 According to the passage thermal cameras _. （ A） have yet to be put to general use （ B） have proved successful since 2 years ago （ C） have to undergo tests at least half a year （ D） have been playing a dominant role in lie detection 47 Of late, there have been several p
48、osts suggesting that America has no culture or that what culture it has is somehow inferior to that of other societies. Of course, it cannot be both. To suggest that America has, in some sense, an inferior culture is to grant that it has a culture. America most definitely has culture and the culture
49、 of America is easily the most dominant of the world. Whether it is McDonalds in the heart of what was once the center of the Evil Empire, or Arnold Schwarzenagger storming across German theatres, or Disneyland sending the French snobs into hysteria, American culture dominates Europe as never before. And it is not just Europe. Enter any shopping center in Asia and the odds are that the music blasting ov
