1、中国科学院考博英语-5 及答案解析(总分：88.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.50)1.At the moment she is _ the netball match between the Japanese team and the Cuban team over at the playing field.（分数：0.50）A.arbitratingB.interveningC.refereeingD.deciding2.The burst of growth and prosperity in America after 194
2、5 had social consequences that were _ anywhere in the world.（分数：0.50）A.unprecedentedB.unidentifiedC.unaccountableD.unremarkable3.All sorts of technology have _ to make the new medical systems applied in rural areas efficient and effective.（分数：0.50）A.come into playB.come into conflictC.taken actionD.
3、taken place4.This leads record companies to treat musicians as contracted artists who are not paid a fixed sum for their labor-time, but instead receive royalties in _ to their success.（分数：0.50）A.additionB.relationC.percentageD.proportion5.This project would _ a huge increase in defense spending.（分数
4、：0.50）A.resultB.assureC.entailD.accomplish6.The only way he escaped from the bitter reality was to lose himself in a movie, allowing his imagination to _, viewing himself as a character in it.（分数：0.50）A.take upB.take onC.take offD.take over7.The sentence given to the criminal was much too _;murder s
5、hould carry the maximum penalty.（分数：0.50）A.negligentB.solitaryC.lenientD.tedious8.He plans to_on hand surgery until September in hopes of winning his first gold medal in the Beijing Olympics.（分数：0.50）A.hold forthB.hold outC.hold offD.hold down9.Unless your handwriting is _, or the form specifically
6、asks for typewriting, the form should be neatly handwritten.（分数：0.50）A.illegitimateB.illegalC.illegibleD.illiterate10.He writes in a very _ manner; there“re many mistakes almost every page.（分数：0.50）A.illegibleB.illiterateC.irregularD.irreversible11.The realization of all the potential profits _ depe
7、nds on sufficient spending by employers, by the government or by those purchasing exports.（分数：0.50）A.intimatelyB.universallyC.ultimatelyD.instinctively12.Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that this will _ the memory of the passers-by.（分数：0.50）A.keepB.easeC.jogD.e
8、nhance13.This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growth was _ 12 percent.（分数：0.50）A.in case ofB.in view ofC.in face ofD.in excess of14.Awards provide a(n) _ for young people to improve their skills.（分数：0.50）A.incentiveB.initiativeC.fugitiveD.captive15.In Africa HIV an
9、d AIDS continue to _ the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women.（分数：0.50）A.alleviateB.boostC.captureD.ravage16.The police let him go, because they didn“t find him guilty _ the murder.（分数：0.50）A.ofB.inC.overD.on17.We should make a clear _ between “competent“ and “proficient“ for th
10、e purposes of our discussion.（分数：0.50）A.separationB.divisionC.distinctionD.difference18.The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _.（分数：0.50）A.struck outB.left outC.ruled outD.counted out19.Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid _ to the world“s poor.（分数：0.50）A.commitmentsB.enga
11、gementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications20.Please do not be _ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.（分数：1.00）A.disgustedB.embarrassedC.irritatedD.shocked二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)MADONNA seems like a person used
12、to getting her own way. So the pop star must have been dismayed when a court in Malawi refused to her request to adopt a three-year-old girl, Chifundo James. A judge ruled on Friday April 3rd that the adoption of Chifundo could not go ahead because Madonna had not fulfilled residency requirements. T
13、he last time Madonna tried to adopt a Malawian child she met with more success and a heap of criticism. By plucking David Banda from grinding poverty in Malawi in 2006 she provoked mixed reactions. Some praised the singer for offering a child an escape from a life of misery. Others suggested that th
14、e pop queen might have used her wealth and stardom to bypass usual procedures and jump the queue. Detractors also suggested that it was wrong to take David away from his country of birth and his remaining family. The criticisms grew louder when it emerged that David was not, in fact, an orphan. That
15、 circumstance is not particularly uncommon. Children given up for adoption often do have a surviving parent but one who cannot provide adequate care. David“s father was still alive but gave him up to an orphanage where he hoped his offspring would have a better life. The number of families from rich
16、 countries wanting to adopt children from poor countries has grown substantially in the past 30 years. And there is little shortage of children who need additional help. In 2005 it was estimated that there were 132m children who had lost at least one parent in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America
17、 and the Caribbean. Around 13m of these had lost both parents, although most of them lived with extended family. But difficulties abound. (Would-be parents) typically want to adopt a healthy, young, orphan, usually a small baby. Older children, or those who suffer chronic illnesses, are not in deman
18、d. Governments are understandably uneasy about outsiders removing their citizens. And as demand for children to adopt has grown, so have examples of abuse, including cases of children who have been kidnapped or parents who have been coerced or bribed. The absence of effective international regulatio
19、n also allows middlemen to profit from the demand for children to adopt. The Hague Convention on Inter Country Adoptions is intended to regulate international adoptions. It states that these can only go ahead if the parents“ consent, where applicable, has been obtained without any kind of payment or
20、 compensation. Costs and expenses can be paid, and a reasonable fee may go to the adoption agency involved, but nothing more.（分数：6.00）(1).Paragraph 1 tells that Madonna _.（分数：1.00）A.rarely failed to get whatever she wantedB.adopted a Malawian girl named Mercy JamesC.had an illegal adoption of a Mala
21、wian childD.regretted residing in a wrong community(2).We can infer that an adoption is generally acceptable if _.（分数：1.00）A.the adopted has no close kinB.the adopted is a foreign childC.the adopter is wealthy enoughD.the adopter has won some fame(3).Children like David are put on the list for adopt
22、ion mostly because _.（分数：1.00）A.their families suffer from povertyB.they have lost both of their parentsC.their parents neglect their growthD.they have escaped from their home(4).Which can be concluded about the stated situation of adoption?（分数：1.00）A.Most children put up for adoption have found ado
23、ptersB.Those to be adopted outnumber those wanting to adoptC.People are anxious to adopt healthy infantsD.The adopted rarely remain in their home country(5).Paragraph 6 focuses on the corrupt practices concerning _.（分数：1.00）A.choosing alien adopteesB.caretaking of the adoptedC.the search of suitable
24、 adoptersD.the growing demand for adoption(6).The adoption regulations in the Hague Convention will ban _.（分数：1.00）A.charging the parents for giving up childrenB.adopting children for profitC.adopting two children in one familyD.forcing one to accept any adoptee五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)All art boom
25、s are different. The previous one ended in 1989, when Japanese buyers withdrew from the Impressionist market. Interest rates rose in the slump that followed; there were plenty of sellers but no buyers. Today the reverse is true. Buyers are looking to diversify into alternative assets. The only probl
26、em is the sellers. There is plenty of money, but little to buy. It should follow, then, that buyers will snap up anything. But that is not quite the case, as the Old Master sales at Christie“s in London on December 8th showed only too well. In the recent sales the best pieces sold brilliantly, and t
27、he rest hardly at all. The best included a rare Raphael drawing, and an elegant self-portrait by Sir Anthony van Dyck. Many of the leading dealers were present, including Philip Mould, known as the BBC“s “art detective;“ Alfred Bader, a rich American art-market broker; and the heirs to two important
28、 art-dealing businesses, William Noortman and Simon Green. Van Dyck“s oval shaped self-portrait, painted in 1640, the year before he died, had been in the same family for almost 300 years. Mr. Mould joined forces with Mr. Bader to try and win the painting. Young Mr. Noortman, the under bidder who wa
29、s trying to buy the picture for stock, did not stand a chance. The winning bid was 7.4m, nearly three times van Dyck“s previous auction record. The last lot in Christie“s sale was a black chalk drawing, less than a foot square, by Raphael, an early 16th-century Italian master. It is the study of a h
30、ead for one of the Greek muses. Its beauty, rarity and the sense that the study may well have been used by the artist himself when working on a larger painting drew collectors from far and wide. Christie“s had estimated the study would fetch 12m-16m. Bidding opened at 8.5m, with three buyers on the
31、telephone. Jennifer Wright, Christie“s New York-based drawings specialist, made a final bid for the Raphael of if 26ma world record for a work on paper. After the sale, Christie“s international co-head, Richard Knight, was quick to point out that, at 68.4m, theirs had been the biggest Old Master sal
32、e ever. “This result shows what a very solid market this is,“ he said. But that took no account of the failures, which were considerable. 15 of the 43 lots in Christie“s auction failed to sell at all.（分数：6.00）(1).Unlike 1989, today, the art market is characterized by an increase of _.（分数：1.00）A.sale
33、sB.pricesC.buyersD.supplies(2).Christie“s sale showed that _.（分数：1.00）A.many of the paintings were left on the shelfB.portraits were in greater demand than othersC.buyers all found their favorite piecesD.sellers worried little about selling their lots(3).The self-portrait of Sir Anthony van Dyck was
34、 _.（分数：1.00）A.kept in one home for three centuriesB.once sold for about 2C.put up for auction for the first timeD.won by two American art dealers(4).Raphael“s drawing at the sale was undoubtedly _.（分数：1.00）A.the portrait of the artist himselfB.the part of a larger paintingC.the copy of a Greek sculp
35、tureD.the only one in the world(5).According to the passage, the 26m for the Raphael was most probably unexpected by _.（分数：1.00）A.Alfred BaderB.Jennifer WrightC.Richard KnightD.Simon Green(6).It can safely be concluded that the Old Master sale mentioned _.（分数：1.00）A.reflected a very solid marketB.ha
36、d both wins and lossesC.turned out to be a total failureD.sold more works than any other auctions六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)A few years ago, in their search for ways to sell more goods, advertising men hit on a new and controversial gimmick. It is a silent, invisible commercial that, the ad men claim
37、, can be rushed past the consumer“s conscious mind and planted in his subconscious- and without the consumer“s knowledge. Developed by James Vicary, a research man who studies what makes people buy, this technique relies on the psychological principle of subliminal perception. Scientists tell us tha
38、t many of the sights coming to or eyes are not consciously “seen“. We select only a few for conscious “seeing“ and ignore the rest. Actually the discarded impressions are recorded in the brain though they are below the threshold of consciousness. There“s little doubt in Vicary“s mind as to the subli
39、minal ad“s effectiveness. His proof can be summed up in just two words: sales increase. In an unidentified movie house not so long ago, unknown audiences saw a curious film program. At the same time, on the same screen on which the film hero was courting the heroine a subliminal projector was flashi
40、ng its invisible commercials. “Get popcorn“, ordered the commercial for a reported one three-thousandths of a second every five seconds. It announced “Coca-Cola“ at the same speed and frequency to other audiences. At the end of a six weeks trial, popcorn sales had gone up 57 percent, Coke sales 18 p
41、ercent. Experimental Films. Inc, says the technique is not new. It began research on subliminal perception in 1954. Experimental Films stresses that its equipment was designed for helping problematic students and treating the mentally ill. At NYU two doctors showed twenty women the projected image o
42、f an expressionless face. They told the subjects to watch the face for some change of expression. Then they flashed the word angry on the screen at subliminal speeds. Now the women thought the face looked unpleasant. When the word happy was flashed on the screen instead, the subjects thought the wom
43、an“s facial expression looked much more pleasant. Subliminal techniques, its promoters believe, are good for more than selling popcorn. Perhaps the process can even be used to sell political candidates, by leaving a favorable impression of the candidate in the minds of the electorates subliminally.
44、How convincing are these invisible commercials? Skeptical psychologists answer that they aren“t anywhere near as effective as the ad men would like to think they are. Nothing has been proven yet scientifically, says a prominent research man.（分数：6.00）(1).Subliminal perception is when one_（分数：1.00）A.h
45、as an attempt to buy with a good reasonB.recalls some past events and activitiesC.enjoys seeing some images in his mindD.gets a mental picture without consciousness(2).To advertising sponsors, the true test of subliminal projection is whether it_（分数：1.00）A.proves worth the money spentB.call create a
46、 mental impressionC.helps sell more of their productsD.can arouse anger in the audience(3).Subliminal ads are invisible because they are shown very_（分数：1.00）A.fastB.naturallyC.oftenD.vaguely(4).Subliminal techniques have NOT been used for_（分数：1.00）A.promoting salesB.making commercialsC.curing mental
47、 illnessD.selling political candidates(5).Some psychologists seem to believe that subliminal projection_（分数：1.00）A.needs a cautious applicationB.has no effect on salesC.benefits the customersD.causes a mental confusion(6).What is the author“s position on subliminal projection in ads?（分数：1.00）A.He re
48、veals none in the passageB.He advocates its prohibitionC.He considers it an exaggerationD.He acclaims its effectiveness七、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep y
49、ou, not from all error, but from silly error. 1 Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on ma
