1、2009年厦门大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 In writing his account of these important events, he will not_his experiences in the order in which they happened. （ A） classify （ B） compare （ C） compose （ D） arrange 2 Although the examination he passed was not important, his success_ him in hi
2、s ambition to become a doctor. （ A） persuaded （ B） urged （ C） convinced （ D） encouraged 3 The Committee has approved your qualifications and you will be_to the retiring Head Clerks post. （ A） employed （ B） appointed （ C） admitted （ D） accepted 4 The following qualifications are essential for the pos
3、t: an honors degree in English, _in shorthand and typewriting and some experience in journalism. （ A） proficiency （ B） expertise （ C） knowledge （ D） familiarity 5 Business is improving but much more hard work and common sense will be_ before any substantial profits can be realized. （ A） put up with
4、（ B） called for （ C） taken up （ D） gone through 6 Both dogs diet and structure are_to those of the human being, and so it has been the subject of countless demonstrations and experiments. （ A） comparable （ B） comparative （ C） equal （ D） contrary 7 She is one of the few people here I can understand p
5、roperly, she pronounces all her words so_. （ A） exactly （ B） distinctly （ C） distinctively （ D） distinguishably 8 Applied research, _to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. （ A） formulated （ B） undertaken （ C） attained （ D） a
6、ccomplished 9 By 1817 the United States Congress had_all internal taxes and was relying on tariffs on imported goods to provide sufficient revenues to run the government. （ A） allocated （ B） distributed （ C） eliminated （ D） collected 10 Scientific evidence from different_demonstrates that in most hu
7、mans the left hemisphere of the brain controls language. （ A） scopes （ B） ranges （ C） disciplines （ D） arrays 11 All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may _25 per cent a year, yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to weeks interest-fre
8、e-credit. （ A） come up （ B） account for （ C） add up （ D） work out 12 However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great cannot be ignored or_ by the teacher. （ A） exaggerated （ B） discounted （ C） overestimated （
9、D） verified 13 When light illuminates an object, part of it is absorbed and part reflected; the _lightness of an object depends on the proportion of light that is reflected. （ A） denoted （ B） embodied （ C） insulated （ D） perceived 14 Advance in food preservation gave consumers in developed countries
10、 access to _all foods grown in distant lands. （ A） extensively （ B） virtually （ C） artificially （ D） continually 15 In the Spring Export Commodities Fair the_of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world. （ A） succession （ B） array （ C） string （ D） cluster 16 The landsc
11、ape of the American West was dramatically altered during the 20th century as a result of the_construction of dams along major rivers. （ A） degenerative （ B） widespread （ C） advancing （ D） extensive 17 A completely new situation will_ when the new examination system comes into existence. （ A） rise （
12、B） raise （ C） arise （ D） arouse 18 The world is facing the_ of water shortages caused by population growth, uneven supplies of water, pollution, and other factors. （ A） prospect （ B） insight （ C） location （ D） anticipation 19 Any nation that interferes in the internal affairs of another nation shoul
13、d be_ condemned. （ A） verbally （ B） universally （ C） wickedly （ D） visually 20 We agree that a central purpose of drama has always been to provide a means for a society to_upon itself and its beliefs. （ A） manifest （ B） reflect （ C） invent （ D） respect 21 If a country wants to develop its economy su
14、ccessfully, there has to be a clear _of its social needs. （ A） assessment （ B） assumption （ C） assurance （ D） appreciation 22 Euthanasia is a practice of mercifully ending a persons life in order to_the person from an incurable disease and intolerable suffering. （ A） liberate （ B） confine （ C） relea
15、se （ D） apprehend 23 There are several possible explanations for the greater job_in Japan in contrast to the great job mobility in the United States. （ A） sensitivity （ B） creativity （ C） stability （ D） security 24 Although he was not caught cheating on the exam, the feeling of guilt_over and over a
16、gain. （ A） ascended （ B） conquered （ C） secured （ D） recurred 25 At the sight of her husband getting off the train, the woman walked forward and _him and stroked his white hair. （ A） embraced （ B） clapped （ C） paddled （ D） flocked 26 Which sport has the most expenses_training equipment, players pers
17、onal equipment and uniforms? （ A） in place of （ B） by way of （ C） in terms of （ D） by means of 27 Since the early 1990s, conservationists have_protecting the Amazon in part because of its abundance of plant and animal species. （ A） called forth （ B） called back （ C） called up （ D） called for 28 In 1
18、914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe _Europe into a great war. （ A） pitched （ B） imposed （ C） inserted （ D） plunged 29 A person who is_typically has anxious thoughts and difficulty concentration or remembering. （ A） stressed （ B） exploited （ C） prevented , （ D） c
19、onquered 30 She refused to disclose what had been told her, on the_ that it would be a breach of faith. （ A） reason （ B） accounts （ C） terms （ D） grounds 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 A World Without Books or Music If books had never been discovered, man would have found some other way of recording hi
20、s communication. But then, for our consideration, we should include as books everything that is a written record. This would include tablets, papyrus and anything elseincluding computer diskettes. In the case of music, it would be impossible to think that man can live without it. Looking at primitiv
21、e cultures, it appears that music is actually a part of the human psyche. When two things are knocked together, music is produced. So for the sake of our discussion, it is intended to restrict the meaning of music to the popularly accepted concept. Music is the pleasing combination of sounds that we
22、 like to listen to. Though it is difficult to, we can pretend that these things never existed. In this case we would not miss them today. To compare with recent inventions, let us look at radio and television. Though we cannot think of life without them today, this is so only from comparatively rece
23、nt times. There are many of us living today who had seen a time when there was no television. They will tell us that life was not that much different. The same is probably true of radio.But books are a different thing because they, or something akin to them, began thousands of years ago. In the case
24、 of music, it goes back even furtherperhaps to millions of years. We may be able to imagine a world which never saw books, because books are a human invention. However, in the case of music this does not seem possible. Pleasing sounds are all around us; like the singing of the birds and the whistlin
25、g of the wind. Music just seems to be inborn in us and in the world around us. If books did not exist, the world will be a poorer place indeed. Great philosophies like Platos would become unknown and all the pleasures and lessons we could get from them will be lost forever. Then there is literature
26、like the works of the great masters like Shake-speare, Dickens and Jane Austen. What a so sombre, miserable world it will be without the pleasures of reading. Since there are so many other things which depend on reading like plays, songs and movieswe can expect them to disappear also. It would be a
27、dark and unsatisfying world where knowledge is not propagated; where there are no books to derive pleasure from. In the case of music: Without it the world will be bleak and cold indeed. It would be a terrible world with no cheery tunes, no songs to sing and no great music to lose ourselves in. A wo
28、rld which does not listen to the music of the great masters like Chopin and Beethoven would be a very sorry world. There will not be so many smiles on faces anymore. When we lose music, an expression of a deep part of ourselvesfrom the soulis lost. Without music, connected activities like dancing wi
29、ll be lost too. A world without music and dancing will bring us back to the Stone Age. Unlike radio, television, telephones and computers, reading and music are not mere conveniences that we can live without. Reading is crucial for self-expression and for passing on records and knowledge to future g
30、enerations. Music is part of our very soul. A world without these will not be the world as we know it. In fact, many of us would not want to live in such a world. 31 Music is part of the human psyche because_. （ A） it is part of primitive culture （ B） it is something we like to listen to （ C） it alw
31、ays strikes a chord with us （ D） it has been produced since ancient times 32 According to the passage, life without television and radio would be_. （ A） essentially the same （ B） very different （ C） quite boring （ D） spiritually more satisfying 33 It is impossible to imagine a world without music be
32、cause_. （ A） music like books is a human invention （ B） it is crucial for self-expression （ C） enjoyable sounds exist in our environment （ D） plays, songs and movies depend on it 34 A world without books would be_. （ A） bleak and cold （ B） a very sorry world （ C） dreadfully unsatisfying （ D） dark an
33、d dull 35 Why is music something that we cannot live without? （ A） Because it is a convenience like the Internet. （ B） Because we will lose a deep part of ourselves. （ C） Because we wont have smiles on our faces anymore. （ D） Because philosophies like Platos would not exist. 35 The high unemployment
34、 rates of the early 1960s occasioned a spirited debate with in the economics profession. One group found the primary cause of unemployment in slow growth and the solution in economic expansion. The other found the major explanation in changes that had occurred in the supply and demand for labor and
35、stressed measures for matching demand with supply. The expansionist school of thought, with the Council of Economic Advisers as its leading advocates, attributed the persistently high unemployment level to a slow rate of economic growth resulting from a deficiency of aggregate demand for goods and s
36、ervices. The majority of this school endorsed the position of the Council that tax reduction would eventually reduce the unemployment level to 4% of the labor force with no other assistance. At 4%, bottlenecks in skilled labor, middle-level manpower, and professional personnel were expected to retar
37、d growth and generate wage-price pressures. To go beyond 4%, the interim goal of the Council, it was recognized that improved education, training and retraining, and other structural measures would be required. Some expansionists insisted that the demand for goods and services was nearly satiated an
38、d that it was impossible for the private sector to absorb a significant increase in output. In their estimate, only the lower-income fifth of the population and the public sector offered sufficient outlets for the productive efforts of the potential labor force. The fact that the needs of the poor a
39、nd the many unmet demands for public services held higher priority than the demands of the marketplace in the value structure of this group no doubt influenced their economic judgments. Those who found the major cause of unemployment in structural features were primarily labor economists, concerned
40、professionally with efficient functioning of labor markets through programs to develop skills and place individual workers. They maintained that increased aggregate demand was a necessary but not sufficient condition for reaching either the CEAs 4% target or their own preferred 3%. This pessimism wa
41、s based in part on the conclusion that unemployment among the young, the unskilled, minority groups, and depressed geographical areas is not easily attacked by increasing general demand. Further, their estimate of the numbers of potential members of the labor force who had withdrawn or not entered b
42、ecause of lack of employment opportunity was substantially higher than that of the CEA. They also projected that increased demand would put added pressure on skills already in short supply rather than employ the unemployed, and that because of technological change, which was replacing manpower, much
43、 higher levels of demand would be necessary to create the same number of jobs. The structural school, too, had its hyperenthusiasts: Fiscal conservatives who, as an alternative to expansionary policies, argued the not very plausible position that a job was available for every person, provided only t
44、hat he or she had the requisite skills or would relocate. Such extremist positions aside, there was actually considerable agreement between two main groups, though this was not recognized at the time. Both realized the advisability of a tax cut to increase demand, and both needed to reduce unemploym
45、ent below a point around 4%. In either case, the policy implications differed in emphasis and not in content. 36 The authors treatment of the “hyperenthusiasts“ can best be described as one of （ A） tolerance （ B） appreciation （ C） dismissal （ D） sarcasm 37 According to the passage, there was a good
46、deal of agreement between the expansionist and structuralist theories on_ . （ A） how to reduce unemployment in the 1960s （ B） how to reduce unemployment to 4 percent （ C） what role the government played in reducing unemployment （ D） how to eliminate structural deficiencies 38 Although they agreed th
47、at an increase in demand was necessary to reduce unemployment, the expansionists argued that_. （ A） importance should be attached to structural measures such as education and training （ B） politically conservative policies should be made in the effort to reduce unemployment （ C） a tax cut would not
48、be sufficient to help to create increased demand （ D） government spending to increase demand should fund programs for lower income groups and public services 39 The author discounts the value of the expansionists judgment by pointing out that it （ A） was not borne out with sufficient information （ B
49、） was colored by their political viewpoint （ C） was not made from a professional point of view （ D） was deemed to be impractical and thus incorrect 40 It can be inferred that the hyperenthusiasts contended that_. （ A） the problem of unemployment could be solved with government retraining and education programs （ B） the number of people unemployed was greatly overestimated by the Coun
