1、2011年职称英语（理工类） A级真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The number of sea turtles natural habitats has been considerably reduced. （ A） suddenly （ B） generally （ C） slightly （ D） greatly 2 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work t
2、o do. （ A） doubting （ B） thinking （ C） saying （ D） knowing 3 I got a note from Maria urging me to get in touch. （ A） instructing （ B） pushing （ C） notifying （ D） inviting 4 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. （ A） maintained （ B） recommended （ C） considered （ D
3、） acknowledged 5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest. （ A） caused （ B） ignored （ C） organized （ D） received 6 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children. （ A） reported （ B） praised （ C） proved （ D） caught 7 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significan
4、ce of what had happened. （ A） give （ B） attach （ C） lose （ D） understand 8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage. （ A） turning （ B） jumping （ C） shaking （ D） shouting 9 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way. （ A） handle （ B） raise （ C） pose （ D） experience 10 Jane said
5、that she couldnt tolerate the long hours. （ A） spend （ B） stand （ C） take （ D） last 11 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses. （ A） relative （ B） continuous （ C） general （ D） sharp 12 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse
6、. （ A） afraid （ B） anxious （ C） sure （ D） sad 13 She always finds fault with everything. （ A） simplifies （ B） evaluates （ C） criticizes （ D） examines 14 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. （ A） happy （ B） alone （ C） busy （ D） energetic 15 For some obscure reason, the simple game is b
7、ecoming very popular. （ A） obvious （ B） major （ C） unclear （ D） minor 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果 该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Earth Rocks on Most of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. Thats comforting. But its als
8、o misleading because theres actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against one another, slowly changing each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years. Scientists know that Earth formed about 4. 5
9、billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust (地壳 ) , eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question. Now, an international group of researchers has an answer. Theyve found new
10、evidence suggesting that Earths crust started shifting at least 3. 8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1. 3 billion years earlier than previous ones. Not long before 3. 8 billions years ago, lots of asteroids (小行星 ) were hitting Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, melted state. After the hard cr
11、ust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planets hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface. In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua Supra-crustal (上地壳 ) Belt. The rocky crust there is be
12、tween 3. 7 and 3. 8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air. The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock. To explain this
13、 structure, the scientists proposed that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma (岩浆 ) , flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the whole area cooled, forming what we see today. That explanation, plus chemical clue
14、s inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean, beginning around 3. 8 billion years ago. 16 The ground beneath our feet is still. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The shape of lands and oceans changed as the plates bumped in to each ot
15、her. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 As the earth is cooled, it formed the plate. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Scientists say the earths crust began shifting 3 billion year ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 It took a long time for the melted earth to become
16、hard again. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The formation of Isua supracrustal belt was 8 billion years ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Isua supracrustal belt is a tourist resort nowadays. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文
17、后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从 所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 The iPad 1. The iPad is a tablet computer designed, developed and marketed by Apple primarily as a platform for audio-visual media including books, periodicals, movies, music, games, and web content. At ab
18、out 1. 5 pounds (680 grams) , its size and weight fall between those of contemporary smart phones and laptop computers. Apple released the iPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days. 2. The iPad runs the same operating system as the iPod Touch and iPhone and can run its own app
19、lications as well as iPhone applications. Without modification, and with the exception of web applications, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store. 3. Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display a departure from most previous t
20、ablet computers, which used a pressure-triggered stylus as well as a virtual onscreen keyboard in lieu of a physical keyboard. The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can conn
21、ect to HSPA data networks. The device is managed and synchronized by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable. 4. An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of iPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way
22、they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services. iPad applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.
23、5. While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business offices by distributing or making available iPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professional
24、s accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost but his employers doctor didnt agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobi
25、le phones. Mobile phone companies a-gree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your m
26、obile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that say they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often. 31 People buy cell phones fo
27、r the following reasons except that_. （ A） theyre popular （ B） theyre useful （ C） theyre cheap （ D） theyre convenient 32 The word “detected“ in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_ （ A） cured （ B） removed （ C） discovered （ D） caused 33 The salesman retired young because_. （ A） he couldnt remember
28、simple tasks （ B） he disliked using mobile phones （ C） he was tired of talking on his mobile phone （ D） his employers doctor persuaded him to do this 34 On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies_. （ A） hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about （ B） deny th
29、e existence of mobile phone radiation （ C） develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation （ D） try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health 35 The writers purpose of writing this article is to advise people_. （ A） to buy mobile phones （ B） to use mobile phones less often （ C） t
30、o update regular phones （ D） to stop using mobile phones 35 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences and Food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factor
31、s influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat. Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed
32、 out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study. Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers to lower salt intake through f
33、oods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption. The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, report
34、edly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of
35、any kind. “Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food, “ said Hayes. “ Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more s
36、alt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted“For examp
37、le, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt, “ he said. “A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced. Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist nam
38、ed Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result , Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color. “Some people, called supertaster
39、s, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter, “ he said. “Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is n
40、ot limited to bitterness. “ 36 In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that_. （ A） it is good to health to eat food without salt （ B） many people reject low-salt food completely （ C） many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly （ D） food with reduced salt tastes better 37 The fourth paragrap
41、h describes briefly_. （ A） how to select subjects and what to do in the research （ B） how to identify supertasters and nontasters （ C） why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons （ D） why to select more male subjects than female ones 38 The article argues that supertasters_. （ A） like the tast
42、e of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food （ B） like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor （ C） consume less salt because they dont like intensive tastes （ D） like to share salty cheese with nontasters 39 Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste? （ A） Tast
43、e acuity is still a mysterious subject in science. （ B） They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste. （ C） They prefer high-salt cheese, which tastes less bitter. （ D） They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health. 40 What message do the last two paragraphs carry? （ A） Taste acui
44、ty is genetically determined. （ B） Taste acuity is developed over time after birth. （ C） Taste acuity is related to ones eye and hair color. （ D） Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science. 40 Calculating Crime When you think about maths, you probably dont think about breaking the law, so
45、lving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals. People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal (揭示 ) the identity of the criminal. Its long been believed, for example, that criminals wi
46、ll break the law closer to where they live, simply because its easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely
47、it is that the same criminal did it. But Mike OLeary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of a criminals home base by combining these patterns with a citys layout (布局 ) and histo
48、rical crime records. The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersect
49、ions are. OLeary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminals patterns change with age. Its been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime. Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but OLearys uses more maths. The mathematician plans to make
