1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 1 In the country of Laurelia, legal restrictions on the sale of lock-picking equipment were relaxed ten years ago, and since then Laurelias burglary rate has risen dramatically. Hence, since legally purchased lock-picking equipment was used in most burglaries, reintrod
2、ucing strict limits on the sale of this equipment would help to reduce Laurelias burglary rate. Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the argument? （ A） Laurelias overall crime rate has risen dramatically over the last ten years. （ B） There is wide popular support in Laurel
3、ia for the reintro-duction of strict limits on the sale of lock-picking equipment. （ C） The reintroduction of strict limits on the sale of lock-picking equipment in Laurelia would not prevent legitimate use of this equipment by police and other public safety officials. （ D） Most lock-picking equipme
4、nt used in Laurelia is fragile and usually breaks irreparably within a few years of purchase . （ E） The introduction five years ago of harsher punishments for people convicted of burglary had little effect on Laurelias burglary rate. 2 Salesperson: The picture tube is the central component of any te
5、levision, and Picturesque televisions use the same high-quality picture tubes as those used in TruVue televisions. Since you pay a much lower price for a Picturesque, you pay a lower price for a television with the same picture quality when you buy a Picturesque instead of a TruVue. Which of the fol
6、lowing is an assumption that, if justified, would allow the conclusion of the salesperson s argument to be properly drawn? （ A） TruVue televisions are much more widely advertised than are Picturesque televisions. （ B） The picture quality of a television is determined solely by the quality of its pic
7、ture tube. （ C） A salesperson earns much less on the sale of each Picturesque television than on the sale of each TruVue television. （ D） Many more Picturesque televisions are sold each year than TruVue televisions. （ E） Picturesque televisions are assembled in the same factory that assembles TruVue
8、 televisions. 3 Questions 9 10 are based on the following graph. The claim that Civenia s antismoking television advertising campaign contributed significantly to the steep decline in cigarette purchases in that province during 1991 is best supported if which of the following has been true about the
9、 province of Halbernia from the beginning of 1991? （ A） It kept its cigarette tax at the 1990 level and instituted an antismoking television advertising campaign similar to Civenias. （ B） It kept its cigarette tax at the 1990 level and did not institute an antismoking television advertising campaign
10、. （ C） It rescinded the 1990 cigarette tax increase and did not institute an antismoking television advertising campaign. （ D） It eliminated all cigarette taxes and did not institute an antismoking television advertising campaign. （ E） It increased its cigarette tax by an additional 40 percent over
11、the 1990 level and instituted an antismoking television advertising campaign similar to Civenias. 4 Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why cigarette purchases in Civenia declined more slowly after the completion of the television antismoking advertising campaign than they did bef
12、ore the campaign began? （ A） Laws restricting smoking in public places in Civenia went into effect at the beginning of 1992. （ B） Most of those smokers in Civenia who were likely to quit or cut down on smoking had done so by the beginning of 1992. （ C） At the beginning of 1992, health insurance comp
13、anies in Civenia offered lower rates to nonsmoking residents than to those who smoked. （ D） Cigarette companies increased their prices to Civenia distributors at the beginning of 1992 to offset the decrease in the number of packs sold. （ E） Some cigarette companies withdrew their advertisements from
14、 Civenia newspapers and magazines at the beginning of 1992. 5 In a recent film set in seventeenth-century Europe, the hero is seen doing the crawl, a swimming stroke not known in Europe before the 1920s. However, since moviegoers obviously are not experts in the history of swimming strokes, for most
15、 of the film s audience this blunder clearly cannot have interfered with whatever sense of historical authenticity the film otherwise achieved. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument given? （ A） The film was widely praised for being historically plausible , even though
16、it portrayed many events that were not historically attested. （ B） The scene that shows the films hero doing the crawl is a rescue scene pivotal to the film s action, and parts of it are even shown a second time, in a flashback. （ C） Makers of historical films, even of those set as recently as the n
17、ineteenth century, routinely strike compromises between historical authenticity and the need to keep their material accessible to a modern audience, as in the actors speech patterns. （ D） The crawl that European swimmers used in the 1920s was much less efficient and more awkward-looking than the cra
18、wl that is currently taught. （ E） A slightly earlier film featuring an eighteenth century sea battle in Europe was ridiculed in numerous popular reviews for the historical lapse of showing a sailor doing the crawl in swimming to safety. 6 The government of Pontran claims that Tor City, one of the si
19、x major cities in that country, is alone among Pontrans cities in having sustained strong job growth this year. Clearly, however, any job growth there must be purely imaginary; in fact, in Tor City and only there, more people are unemployed this year than were last year. The argument countering the
20、government s claim depends on the assumption that （ A） unemployed workers in Pontran did not, in significant numbers, move to Tor City when the government claimed Tor City had strong job growth. （ B） the unemployment rate in Tor City is higher year than in any previous year. （ C） actions taken by th
21、e government of Pontran significantly affect the unemployment rate in Tor City. （ D） the unemployment rate in Tor City, though increased, is still the lowest of any city in Pontran. （ E） there is no significant seasonal variation in the unemployment rate for Pontran as a whole. 7 As people age, the
22、number of calories they need each day decreases while their daily requirement of vitamin B6 increases. Clearly, unless older people take B6 supplements or eat a diet that contains more B6 than did the diet they ate when they were young adults, there is little likelihood that they will get B6 in need
23、ed amounts. Which of the following would be most helpful to know to evaluate the argument? （ A） Whether the relative decrease in the daily requirement of calories is greater than the relative increase in the daily requirement of vitamin B6. （ B） Whether the form of vitamin B6 found in dietary supple
24、ments is more readily absorbed and utilized by the body than is the from of this vitamin that is found in food. （ C） Whether the consequences of not getting vitamin B6 in required daily amounts are more serious for older people than for young adults. （ D） Whether the diets of most people, when they
25、are young adults, include vitamin B6 in amounts far in excess of their daily needs. （ E） Whether the diets of older people are more likely than those of young adults to include one or more meals a day that are devoid of foods containing vitamin B6. 8 The Environmental Protection Agency must respond
26、to the hazard to children s health posed by exposure to asbestos fibers released in the air in school classrooms. Since it is impossible to close school buildings, the best plan would be to initiate programs that mandate the immediate removal of asbestos from all the school buildings that are found
27、to contain asbestos, regardless of whether or not the buildings are in use. Which of the following, if true, is the strongest reason for the Environmental Protection Agency not to follow the plan outlined above? （ A） The techniques available for removing asbestos often increase the level of airborne
28、 asbestos. （ B） Schools are places where asbestos is especially likely to be released into the air by the action of the occupants. （ C） Children exposed to airborne asbestos run a greater risk of developing cancer than do adults exposed to airborne asbestos. （ D） The cost of removing asbestos varies
29、 from school to school, depending on accessibility and the quantity of asbestos to be removed. （ E） It is impossible to determine with any degree of certainty if and when construction materials that contain asbestos will break down and release asbestos fibers into the air. 9 Aedes albopictus, a vari
30、ety of mosquito that has recently established itself in the southeastern United States, is less widespread than the indigenous swamp mosquito. Both the swamp mosquito and A. albopictus can carry viruses that are sometimes fatal to humans, but A. albopictus is a greater danger to public health. Each
31、of the following, if true, provides additional information that strengthens the judgment given about the danger to public health EXCEPT: （ A） Unlike the swamp mosquito, A . albopictus originated in Asia, and larvae of it were not observed in the United States before the mid-1980 s. （ B） Unlike the s
32、wamp mosquito, A. albopictus tends to spend most of its adult life near human habitation. （ C） Unlike swamp mosquito larvae, A. albopictus larvae survive in flower pots, tin cans, and many small household objects that hold a little water. （ D） In comparison with the swamp mosquito, A. albopictus hos
33、ts a much wider variety of viruses known to cause serious diseases in humans. （ E） A. albopictus seeks out a much wider range of animal hosts than does the swamp mosquito, and it is more likely to bite humans. 10 A persons cholesterol level will decline significantly if that person increases the num
34、ber of meals eaten per day, but only if there is no significant increase in the amount of food eaten. However, most people who increase the number of meals they eat each day will eat a lot more food as well. If the statements above are true, which of the following is most strongly supported by them?
35、 （ A） For most people, cholesterol level is not significantly affected by the amount of food eaten per day. （ B） For most people, the amount of food eaten per meal is most strongly affected by the time of day at which the meal is eaten. （ C） For most people, increasing the number of meals eaten per
36、day will not result in a significantly lower cholesterol level. （ D） For most people, the total amount of food eaten per day is unaffected by the number of meals eaten per day. （ E） For most people, increasing the number of meals eaten per day will result in a significant change in the types of food
37、 eaten. 11 A certain type of dinnerware made in Ganandia contains lead. Lead can leach into acidic foods, and Ganandians tend to eat highly acidic foods. However, the extreme rarity of lead poisoning in Ganandia indicates that the dinnerware does not contain dangerous amounts of lead. Which of the f
38、ollowing, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above? （ A） The dinnerware is produced exclusively for sale outside Ganandia. （ B） Ganandian foods typically are much more acidic than foods anywhere else in the world. （ C） The only source of lead poisoning in Ganandia is lead that has leached
39、into food. （ D） Most people who use the dinnerware are not aware that it contains lead. （ E） Acidic foods can leach lead from dinnerware even if that dinnerware has a protective coating. 12 Question 5 is based on the following graph. Drug X, which kills on contact the bacteria that cause the infecti
40、on, is administered to patients by means of an aerosol inhaler.Which of the following, if true, contributes most to explaining the change in drug X s effectiveness during the course of the infection? （ A） Symptoms of the infection usually become evident during the first 48 hours following infection.
41、 （ B） Most patients with lung infections say they prefer aerosol inhalers to other means of administering antibacterial drugs. （ C） In most patients taking drug X, the dosage administered is increased slightly each week until symptoms disappear. （ D） In patients who have the infection, the ability t
42、o inhale becomes increasingly impaired beginning in the second week after the onset of symptoms. （ E） Drug X is not administered to any patient who shows signs of suffering from secondary infections. 13 Sergeant Our police academy no longer requires its applicants to pass a physical examination befo
43、re being admitted to the academy. As a result, several candidates with weak hearts and high blood pressure have been admitted. Hence, we can expect our future police force to have more health problems than our current police force. Knowledge of each of the following would be relevant to determining
44、the reliability of the sergeants prediction EXCEPT whether （ A） police officer candidates are screened for high blood pressure before joining the police force. （ B） the police officer candidates who are not healthy now are likely to be unhealthy as police officers. （ C） graduates of the police acade
45、my are required to pass a physical examination. （ D） the health of the current police officer candidates is worse than was the health of police officer candidates in the past. （ E） a police officers health is a reliable indicator of the officers performance. 14 Because adult iguanas on Plazos Island
46、 are much smaller than adult iguanas of the same species on nearby islands, researchers assumed that environmental conditions on Plazos favor the survival of relatively smaller baby iguanas(hatchlings)in each yearly brood. They discovered instead that for each of the past three years, 10 percent of
47、the smaller and 40 percent of the larger hatchlings survived, because larger hatchlings successfully evade their predators. Which of the following, if true about Plazas but not about nearby islands, contributes most to an explanation of the long-standing tendency of iguanas on Plazos to be smaller t
48、han those of the same age on nearby islands? （ A） Periodic wind shifts cause extended dry spells on Plazos every year, putting the larger iguanas, whose bodies require relatively more water, at a great disadvantage. （ B） There are exactly three species of iguanas on Plazos but only two species of se
49、agulls that feed on iguanas, and a relatively small percentage of each years hatchlings are consumed by seagulls. （ C） Wild cats, which were introduced as pets by early settlers and which were formerly major predators of Plazos iguanas, were recently killed off by a disease specific to cats. （ D） The iguanas on Plazos are a relatively ancient part of the islands animal life. （ E） Both land and marine iguanas live on Plazos, and the land iguanas tend to be larger than marine iguanas of the same age. 15 Every human being who has ever lived had two parents. Therefore, mo
