1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 1 In a survey of consumers in an Eastern European nation, respondents were asked two questions about each of 400 famous Western brands: whether or not they recognized the brand name and whether or not they thought the products bearing that name were of high quality. Th
2、e results of the survey were a rating and corresponding rank order for each brand based on recognition, and a second rating-plus-ranking based on approval. The brands ranked in the top 27 for recognition were those actually available in the nation. The approval rankings of these 27 brands often diff
3、ered sharply from their recognition rankings. By contrast, most of the other brands had ratings, and thus rankings, that were essentially the same for recognition as for approval. Which one of the following, if each is a principle about consumer surveys, is violated by the survey described? （ A） Nev
4、er ask all respondents a question if it cannot reasonably be answered by respondents who make a particular response to another question in the same survey. （ B） Never ask a question that is likely to generate a large variety of responses that are difficult to group into a manageable number of catego
5、ries. （ C） Never ask all respondents a question that respondents cannot answer without giving up their anonymity. （ D） It is better to ask the same question about ten different products than to ask ten different questions about a single product. （ E） It is best to ask questions that a respondent can
6、 answer without fear of having gotten the answer wrong. 2 Computer operating system software has become increasingly standardized. But when a large business with multiple, linked computer systems uses identical operating system software on all of its computers, a computer vandal who gains access to
7、one computer automatically has access to the data on all the computers. Using a program known as a “virus,“ the vandal can then destroy much of the data on all the computers. If such a business introduced minor variations into its operating system software, unauthorized access to all the computers a
8、t the same time could be virtually eliminated. Furthermore, variations in operating system software can be created without any loss of computer compatibility to the business. Therefore, it is advisable for businesses to implement such variations. Which one of the following, if true, supports the con
9、clusion in the passage? （ A） Standardization of computer operating system software has increased computer compatibility among different businesses. （ B） Correcting any damage resulting from an invasion by a computer virus program is more expensive than preventing the damage. （ C） It is not costly fo
10、r a business to maintain incompatible computer operating systems. （ D） There are other kinds of destructive computer programs that do not depend on intercomputer links. （ E） Not all businesses need to share data among their internal computer systems. 3 An examination of corruption provides the basis
11、 for rejecting the view that an exact science of society can ever be constructed. As with all other social phenomena that involve deliberate secrecy, it is intrinsically impossible to measure corruption, and this is not merely due to the fact that social science has not yet reached its goal, achieva
12、ble to be sure, of developing adequate quantifying techniques. If people were ready to answer questions about their embezzlements and bribes, it would mean that these practices had acquired the character of legitimate, taxable activities and had ceased to be corrupt. In other words, corruption must
13、disappear if it is to be measurable. Which one of the following most accurately states a hidden assumption that the author must make in order to advance the argument above? （ A） Some people believe that an exact science of society can be constructed. （ B） The primary purpose of an exact science is t
14、o quantify and measure phenomena. （ C） An intrinsic characteristic of social phenomena that involve deliberate secrecy is that they cannot be measured. （ D） An exact science of social phenomena that involve deliberate secrecy cannot be constructed. （ E） An exact science can be constructed only when
15、the phenomena it studies can be measured. 4 In a recent experiment, a high school English teacher interspersed real, commonly used proverbs with several nonsensical proverbial-sounding statements that he had made up. He then asked his students to evaluate all of the statements on the list. In genera
16、l, the students found the bogus proverbs and the real proverbs to be equally full of wisdom and meaning. The teacher concluded that proverbs attain their status as proverbs more through frequent usage than through their inherent wisdom. Which one of the following, if true, would most effectively cha
17、llenge the teachers conclusion? （ A） Some proverbs are used more frequently than others. （ B） There were more real proverbs than bogus proverbs in the list of statements. （ C） There are stylistic differences between proverbial and proverbial-sounding statements. （ D） Some students view a statement i
18、n one way and other students view the same statement in a very different way. （ E） The students selected as evaluators were too inexperienced to judge the wisdom of the statements. 5 It is commonly accepted that we should be concerned about our own physical health. The desire to take responsibility
19、for all aspects of our physical condition, however, produces a number of negative consequences. By focusing exclusively on our physical health, we tend to ignore our mental health. Therefore, although we can derive physical benefits from our preoccupation with physical health, we often do so at the
20、expense of our mental health. The author establishes her position in the passage by doing which one of the following? （ A） She defends her position and then extends it into a second area. （ B） She reveals a contradiction in a position commonly held to be correct. （ C） She supports a commonly held po
21、int of view by providing additional evidence. （ D） She first states her position and then qualifies it with a number of concessions. （ E） She argues that a popular position can lead to problems if taken to an extreme. 6 The recent dramatic increase in commuter airline crashes is caused in large part
22、 by pilot inexperience. As a major growth industry, the commuter airlines have recently had a great increase in the demand for experienced pilots. It is impossible to define and assess pilot experience, however. For example, someone with 1,000 hours of flight experience as an instructor in Arizona,
23、where the weather is good, cannot be compared to someone with 1,000 hours experience as a night cargo pilot in the stormy northeastern United States. The author s conclusion that the dramatic increase in commuter airline crashes is caused by pilot inexperience is most weakened by the fact that the a
24、uthor has （ A） argued that it is impossible to measure “pilot experience. “ （ B） used an example that does not relate logically to the point being illustrated. （ C） provided only a partial explanation for the increase in commuter airline crashes. （ D） made an unfair comparison between experience as
25、a flight instructor and experience as a night cargo pilot. （ E） not specified how much of the recent increase in commuter airline crashes is due to pilot inexperience. 7 In a recent advertisement, a major cereal company contended that the better educated people are, the more likely it is that as chi
26、ldren they regularly ate oatmeal. As evidence, the company cited a national random survey of college graduates in which four-fifths of all those surveyed reported having eaten oatmeal at least once a week when they were young. Which one of the following is an additional piece of information that wou
27、ld support the cereal companys conclusion? （ A） Four-fifths of all current college graduates eat oatmeal regularly. （ B） Fewer than four-fifths of those without a college degree ate oatmeal regularly when they were children. （ C） Among people who have additional education beyond college, four-fifths
28、 ate oatmeal regularly when they were children. （ D） More than four-fifths of the population at large college graduates and nongraduates combined ate oatmeal regularly when they were children. （ E） Those college graduates who did not eat oatmeal regularly when they were children did eat oatmeal on a
29、n occasional basis. 8 Odysseus answered well when the priests showed him a picture of those who had honored the gods and then escaped shipwreck, and asked him whether he did not now acknowledge the power of the gods. “Yes,“ he asked, “but where are those pictured who were drowned after their prayers
30、?“ And such is the way of all superstitions; wherein humans, having a delight in such vanities, mark the events there they are fulfilled, but where they fail, though this happens much oftener, neglect and pass them by. Which one of the following contains the error of reasoning described by the autho
31、r in the passage? （ A） I have discovered that Friday the 13th really is a day of misfortune. Just this past Friday, the 13th, I locked myself out of the house. （ B） Although Napoleon and Alexander the Great were short, Abraham Lincoln and Charies de Gaulle were tall. So short people seek leadership
32、in order to overcome feelings of inferiority. （ C） Every semester for the past 15 years, an average of 10 percent of Ms. Elliots history students have dropped her course before the exam. So, it seems likely that we can expert 10 percent to drop out this year. （ D） No reliable observer has ever actua
33、lly seen a yeti. The strongest evidence seems to be some suspicious tracks. So I think this search for a yeti is probably a wild-goose chase. （ E） I cannot trust my lucky shirt any longer, I wore it to the game today and our team lost. 9 A well-known former quarterback is probably very adept at anal
34、yzing the relative strengths of football teams. However, efforts by television advertisers to suggest that the quarterback is an expert on pantyhose or popcorn poppers should arouse skepticism among viewers. The same response should result when a popular television actor, who is frequently cast in t
35、he role of a doctor, appears in a commercial to endorse a brand of decaffeinated coffee. His views on television acting would deserve attention since he has had considerable experience in that field, but viewers have every right to doubt his authority in coffee advertisements. Which one of the follo
36、wing is a presupposition essential to the reasoning in the passage above? （ A） The strength of authoritative evidence as legitimate proof is closely related to the authoritys degree of expertness in the area in question. （ B） Practical experience counts for more than academic training in assessing t
37、he competence of authorities. （ C） The only kind of evidence being used in many television commercials is appeal to authority. （ D） The viewing audience is not sufficiently capable of evaluating authoritative appeals in advertisements. （ E） Television viewers will somehow mentally transfer the credi
38、bility of celebrities in one area of expertise to another represented by the product being advertised. 10 The Volunteers for Literacy Program would benefit if Dolores takes Victor s place as director, since Dolores is far more skillful than Victor is at securing the kind of financial support the pro
39、gram needs and Dolores does not have Victors propensity for alienating the program s most dedicated volunteers. The pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most closely paralleled in which one of the following? （ A） It would be more convenient for Deminique to take a bus to school than to take
40、 the subway, since the bus stops closer to her house than does the subway and, unlike the subway, the bus goes directly to the school. （ B） Joshuas interest would be better served by taking the bus to get to his parents house rather than by taking an airplane, since his primary concern is to travel
41、as cheaply as possible and taking the bus is less expensive than going by airplane. （ C） Belinda will get to the concert more quickly by subway than by taxi, since the concert takes place on a Friday evening and on Friday evenings traffic near the concert hall is exceptionally heavy. （ D） Anite woul
42、d benefit financially by taking the train to work rather than driving her car, since when she drives she has to pay parking fees and the daily fee for parking a car is higher than a round-trip train ticket. （ E） It would be to Fred s advantage to exchange his bus tickets for train tickets, since he
43、needs to arrive at his meeting before any of the other participants and if he goes by bus at least one of the other participants will arrive first. 11 The similarity between ichthyosaurs and fish is an example of convergence, a process by which different classes of organisms adapt to the same enviro
44、nment by independently developing one or more similar external body features. Ichthyosaurs were marine reptiles and thus do not belong to the same class of organisms as fish. However, ichthyosaurs adapted to their marine environment by converging on external body features similar to those of fish. M
45、ost strikingly ichthyosaurs, like fish, had fins. If the statements above are true, which one of the following is an inference that can be properly drawn on the basis of them? （ A） The members of a single class of organisms that inhabit the same environment must be identical in all their external bo
46、dy features. （ B） The members of a singly class of organisms must exhibit one or more similar external body features that differentiate that class from all other classes of organisms. （ C） It is only as a result of adaptation to similar environments that one class of organisms develops external body
47、 features similar to those of another class of organisms. （ D） An organism does not necessarily pelong to a class simply because the organism has one or more external body features similar to those of members of that class. （ E） Whenever two classes of organisms share the same environment, members o
48、f one class will differ from members of the other class in several external body features. 12 Further evidence bearing on Jamison s activities must have come to light. On the basis of previously available evidence alone, it would have been impossible to prove that Jamison was a party to the fraud, a
49、nd Jamison s active involvement in the fraud has now been definitively established. The pattern of reasoning exhibited in the argument above most closely parallels that exhibited in which one of the following? （ A） Smith must not have purchased his house within the last year. He is listed as the owner of that house on the old list of property owners, and anyone on the old list could not have purchased his or her property within the last year. （ B） Turner must not have taken her usual train to Nantes today. Had she done so, she could not have been in Nantes until this afternoon,
