1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 1 Medieval Arabs had manuscripts of many ancient Greek texts, which were translated into Arabic when there was a demand for them. Medieval Arab philosophers were very interested in Aristotles Poetics, an interest that evidently was not shared by medieval Arab poets, be
2、cause a poet interested in the Poetics would certainly have wanted to read Homer, to whose epics Aristotle frequently refers. But Homer was not translated into Arabic until modern times. Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument above? （ A） A number of medieval Arab tr
3、anslators possessed manuscripts of the Homeric epics in their original Greek. （ B） Medieval Arabic story cycles, such as the Arabian Nights , are in some ways similar to parts of the Homeric epics. （ C） In addition to translating from Greek, medieval Arab translators produced Arabic editions of many
4、 works originally written in Indian languages and in Persian. （ D） Aristotle s Poetics has frequently been cited and commented on by modern Arab poets. （ E） Aristotles Poetics is largely concerned with drama, and dramatic works were written and performed by medieval Arabs. 2 A museum director, in or
5、der to finance expensive new acquisitions, discreetly sold some paintings by major artists. All of them were paintings that the director privately considered inferior. Critics roundly condemned the sale, charging that the museum had lost first-rate pieces, thereby violating its duty as a trustee of
6、art for future generations. A few months after being sold by the museum, those paintings were resold, in an otherwise stagnant art market, at two to three times the price paid to the museum. Clearly, these prices settle the issue, since they demonstrate the correctness of the critics evaluation. The
7、 reasoning in the argument is vulnerable to the criticism that the argument does which one of the following? （ A） It concludes that a certain opinion is correct on the grounds that it is held by more people than hold the opposing view. （ B） It rejects the judgment of the experts in an area in which
8、there is no better guide to the truth than expert judgment . （ C） It rejects a proven means of accomplishing an objective without offering any alternative means of accomplishing that objective. （ D） It bases a firm conclusion about a state of affairs in the present on somewhat speculative claims abo
9、ut a future state of affairs. （ E） It bases its conclusion on facts that could, in the given situation, have resulted from causes other than those presupposed by the argument. 3 The United States ranks far behind countries such as Sweden and Canada when it comes to workplace safety. In all three cou
10、ntries, joint labor-management committees that oversee workplace safety conditions have been very successful in reducing occupational injuries. In the United States, such committees are found only in the few companies that have voluntarily established them. However, in Sweden and several Canadian pr
11、ovinces, joint safety committees are required by law and exist in all medium-sized and large workplaces. Which one of the following is supported by the information above? （ A） The establishment of joint safety committees in all medium-sized and large workplaces in the United States would result in a
12、 reduction of occupational injuries. （ B） A joint safety committee that is required by law is more effective at reducing occupational injuries than is a joint safety committee that is voluntarily established. （ C） Workplace safety in Sweden and Canada was superior to that in the United States even p
13、rior to the passage of laws requiring joint safety committees in all medium-sized and large workplaces. （ D） Joint safety committees had been voluntarily established in most medium-sized and large workplaces in Sweden and several Canadian provinces prior to the passage of laws requiring such committ
14、ees. （ E） The United States would surpass Sweden and Canada in workplace safety of joint safety committees were required in all medium-sized and large workplaces in the United States. 4 There is strong evidence that the cause of migraines(severe recurrent headaches)is not psychological but instead i
15、s purely physiological. Yet several studies have found that people being professionally treated for migraines rate higher on a standard psychological scale of anxiety than do people not being professionally treated for migraines. Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparen
16、t discrepancy in the information above? （ A） People who have migraine headaches tend to have relatives who also have migraine headaches. （ B） People who have migraine headaches often suffer these headaches when under emotional stress. （ C） People who rate higher on the standard psychological scale o
17、f anxiety are more likely to seek professional treatment than are people who rate lower on the scale. （ D） Of the many studies done on the cause of migraine headaches, most of those that suggest that psychological factors such as anxiety cause migraines have been widely publicized. （ E） Most people
18、who have migraines and who seek professional treatment remain in treatment until they stop having migraines, whether their doctors consider the cause to be physiological or psychological. 5 Dinosaur expert: Some paleontologists have claimed that birds are descendants of a group of dinosaurs called d
19、romeosaurs. They appeal to the fossil record, which indicates that dromeosaurs have characteristics more similar to birds than do most dinosaurs. But there is a fatal flaw in their argument: the earliest bird fossils that have been discovered date back tens of millions of years farther than the olde
20、st known dromeosaur fossils. Thus the paleontologists claim is false. The expert s argument depends on assuming which one of the following? （ A） Having similar characteristics is not a sign that types of animals are evolutionary related. （ B） Dromeosaurs and birds could have common ancestors. （ C） K
21、nowledge of dromeosaur fossils and the earliest bird fossils is complete. （ D） Known fossils is indicate the relative dates of origin of birds and dromeosaurs. （ E） Dromeosaurs are dissimilar to birds in many significant ways. 6 A member of the British Parliament is reputed to have said, “The First
22、purpose of good social reform is to increase the sum total of human happiness. So, any reform which makes somebody happy is achieving its purpose. Since the reform I propose would make my constituents happy, it is a good social reform. “ Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens th
23、e argument attributed to the member of Parliament? （ A） Different things make different people happy. （ B） The proposed reform would make a few people happy, but would not increase the happiness of most other people. （ C） The proposed reform would affect only the member of Parliaments constituents a
24、nd would make them happy. （ D） Increasing some peoples happiness might not increase the sum total of human happiness if others are made unhappy. （ E） Good social reforms usually have widespread support. 7 Shortly after the Persian Gulf War, investigators reported that the area, which had been subjec
25、ted to hundreds of smoky oil fires and deliberate oil spills when regular oil production slowed down during the war displayed less oil contamination than they had witnessed in prewar surveys of the same area. They also reported that the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) used as a mark
26、er of combustion products spewed from oil wells ignited during the war were also relatively low, comparable to those recorded in the temperate oil-producing areas of the Baltic Sea. Which one of the following, if true, does most to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above? （ A） Oil
27、contaminants have greater environmental effects in temperate regions than in desert regions. （ B） Oil contamination and PAH pollution dissipate more rapidly in temperate regions than in desert regions. （ C） Oil contamination and PAH pollution dissipate more rapidly in desert regions than in temperat
28、e regions. （ D） Peacetime oil production and transport in the Persian Gulf result in high levels of PAHs and massive oil dumping. （ E） The Persian Gulf War ended before the oil fires and spills caused as much damage as originally expected. 8 One of the great difficulties in establishing animal right
29、s based merely on the fact that animals are living things concerns scope. If one construes the term “living things“ broadly, one is bound to bestow rights on organisms that are not animals(e. g. , plants). But if this term is construed narrowly, one is apt to refuse rights to organisms that at least
30、 biologically, are considered members of the animal kingdom. If the statements above are true, which one of the following can be most reasonably inferred from them? （ A） Not all animals should be given nights. （ B） One cannot bestow rights on animals without also bestowing rights on at least some pl
31、ants. （ C） The problem of delineating the boundary of the set of living things interferes with every attempt to establish animal rights. （ D） Successful attempts to establish rights for all animals are likely either to establish rights for some plants or not to depend solely on the observation that
32、animals are living things. （ E） The fact that animals are living things is irrelevant to the question of whether animals should or should not be accorded rights, because plants are living things too. 9 1 . Sasha: Handwriting analysis should be banned in court as evidence of a person s character: han
33、dwriting analysis called as witnesses habitually exaggerate the reliability of their analyses. Gregory: You are right that the current use of handwriting analysis as evidence is problematic. But this problem exists only because there us no licensing board to set professional standards and thus deter
34、 irresponsible analysts from making exaggerated claims. When such a board is established, however, handwriting analysis by licensed practitioners will be a legitimate courtroom tool for character assessment. Gregory does which one of the following in responding to Sashas argument? （ A） He ignores ev
35、idence introduced as support for Sasha s recommendation. （ B） He defends a principle by restricting the class to which it is to be applied. （ C） He abstracts a general principle from specific evidence. （ D） He identifies as self-contradictory statement in Sashs argument . （ E） He shows that Sashas a
36、rgument itself manifests the undesirable characteristic that it condemns. 10 In recent years the climate has been generally cool in northern Asia. But during periods when the average daily temperature and humidity in northern Asia were slightly higher than their normal levels the yields of most crop
37、s grown there increased significantly. In the next century, the increased average daily temperature and humidity attained during those periods are expected to become the norm. Yet scientists predict that the yearly yields of most of the region s crops will decrease during the next century. Which one
38、 of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent paradox in the information above? （ A） Crop yields in southern Asia are expected to remain constant even after the average daily temperature and humidity there increase from recent levels. （ B） Any increases in temperature and humidity w
39、ould be accompanied by higher levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is vital to plant respiration. （ C） The climate in northern Asia has generally been too cool and dry in recent years for populations of many crop insect pests to become established. （ D） In many parts of Asia, the increased an
40、nual precipitation that would result from warmer and wetter climates would cause most edible plant species to flourish. （ E） The recent climate of northern Asia prevents many crops from being farmed there during the winter. 11 Chronic back pain is usually caused by a herniated or degenerated spinal
41、disk. In most cases the disk will have been damaged years before chronic pain develops, and in fact an estimated one in five people over the age of 30 has a herniated or degenerated disk that shows no chronic symptoms. If chronic pain later develops in such a case, it is generally brought about by a
42、 deterioration of the abdominal and spinal muscles caused by insufficient exercise. The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following? （ A） Four out of five people over the age of 30 can be sure they will never develop chronic back pain. （ B） People who exercise their a
43、bdominal and spinal muscles regularly are sure to be free from chronic back pain. （ C） Patients rarely suffer even mild and fleeting back pain at the time that a spinal disk first becomes herniated or degenerated . （ D） Doctors can accurately predict which people who do not have chronic back pain wi
44、ll develop it in the future. （ E） There is a strategy that can be effective in delaying or preventing the onset of pain from a currently asymptomatic herniated or degenerated spinal disk. 12 Tom: Employers complain that people graduating from high school too often lack the vocational skills required
45、 for full-time employment. Therefore, since these skills are best acquired on the job, we should require high school students to work at part-time jobs so that they acquire the skills needed for todays job market. Mary: There are already too few part-time jobs for students who want to work, and simp
46、ly requiring students to work will not create jobs for them. Which one of the following most accurately describes how Marys response is related to Toms argument? （ A） It analyzes an undesirable result of undertaking the course of action that Tom recommends. （ B） It argues that Tom has mistaken an un
47、avoidable trend for an avoidable one. （ C） It provides information that is inconsistent with an explicitly stated premise in Toms argument. （ D） It presents a consideration that undercuts an assumption on which Toms argument depends. （ E） It defends an alternative solution to the problem that Tom de
48、scribes. 13 Private industry is trying to attract skilled research scientists by offering them high salaries. As a result, most research scientists employed in private industry now earn 50 percent more than do comparably skilled research scientists employed by the government. So, unless government-e
49、mployed research scientists are motivated more by a sense of public duty than by their own interests, the government is likely to lose its most skilled research scientists to private industry, since none of these scientists would have problems finding private-sector jobs. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? （ A） Government research scientists are less likely to receive acknowledgment for their research contributions than are research scientists in the private sector. （ B） None of the research scientists currently employed by government
