1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 9及答案与解析 1 Efficiency and redundancy are contradictory characteristics of linguistic systems; however, they can be used together to achieve usefulness and reliability in communication. If a spoken language is completely efficient, then every possible permutation of its basic lan
2、guage sounds can be an understandable word. However, if the human auditory system is an imperfect receptor of sounds, then it is not true that every possible permutation of a spoken language s basic language sounds can be an understandable word. If all of the statements above are true, which one of
3、the following must also be true? （ A） Efficiency causes a spoken language to be useful and redundancy causes it to be reliable. （ B） Neither efficiency nor redundancy can be completely achieved in spoken language. （ C） If a spoken language were completely redundant, then it could not be useful. （ D）
4、 If the human auditory system were a perfect receptor of sounds, then every permutation of language sounds would be an understandable word. （ E） If the human auditory system is an imperfect receptor of sounds, then a spoken language cannot be completely efficient. 2 The efficiency of microwave ovens
5、 in destroying the harmful bacteria frequently found in common foods is diminished by the presence of salt in the food being cooked. When heated in a microwave oven, the interior of unsalted food reaches temperatures high enough to kill bacteria that cause food poisoning, but the interior of salted
6、food does not. Scientists theorize that salt effectively blocks the microwaves from heating the interior. Which one of the following conclusions is most supported by the information above? （ A） The kinds of bacteria that cause food poisoning are more likely to be found on the exterior of food than i
7、n the interior of food. （ B） The incidence of serious food poisoning would be significantly reduced if microwave ovens were not used by consumers to cook or reheat food. （ C） The addition of salt to food that has been cooked or reheated in a microwave oven can increase the danger of food poisoning.
8、（ D） The danger of food poisoning can be lessened if salt is not used to prepare foods that are to be cooked in a microwave oven. （ E） Salt is the primary cause of food poisoning resulting from food that is heated in microwave ovens. 3 Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly dem
9、onstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze. On the basis of this evidence, Dr. Ladlow has claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct. Anson: Then Dr. Ladlow is not a responsible psychologist.
10、Dr. Ladlows evidence does not conclusively prove that his theory is correct. Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from Ansons argument? （ A） Dr. Ladlows evidence that
11、 his theory generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze is inaccurate. （ B） Psychologists who can derive consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze from their theories cannot responsibly conclude that those theories cannot be disprov
12、ed. （ C） No matter how responsible psychologists are, they can never develop correct theoretical explanations. （ D） Responsible psychologists do not make predictions about how rats will perform in a maze. （ E） Psychologists who accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories a
13、re incorrect are responsible psychologists. 4 Nursing schools cannot attract a greater number of able applicants than they currently do unless the problems of low wages and high-stress working conditions in the nursing profession are solved. If the pool of able applicants to nursing school does not
14、increase beyond the current level, either the profession will have to lower its entrance standards, or there will soon be an acute shortage of nurses. It is not certain, however, that lowering entrance standards will avert a shortage. It is clear that with either a shortage of nurses or lowered entr
15、ance standards for the profession, the current high quality of health care cannot be maintained. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage? （ A） If the nursing profession solves the problems of low wages and high-stress working conditions, it will attract able applicants i
16、n greater numbers than it currently does. （ B） The nursing profession will have to lower its entrance standards if the pool of able applicants to nursing school does not increase beyond the current level. （ C） If the nursing profession solves the problems of low wages and high-stress working conditi
17、ons, high quality health care will be maintained. （ D） If the nursing profession fails to solve the problems of low wages and high-stress working conditions, there will soon be an acute shortage of nurses. （ E） The current high quality of health care will not be maintained if the problems of low wag
18、es and high-stress working conditions in the nursing profession are not solved. 5 There are about 75 brands of microwave popcorn on the market; altogether, they account for a little over half of the money from sales of microwave food products. It takes three minutes to pop corn in the microwave, com
19、pared to seven minutes to pop corn conventionally. Yet by weight, microwave popcorn typically costs over five times as much as conventional popcorn. Judging by the popularity of microwave popcorn, many people are willing to pay a high price for just a little additional convenience. If the statements
20、 in the passage are true, which one of the following must also be true? （ A） No single brand of microwave popcorn accounts for a large share of microwave food product sales. （ B） There are more brands of microwave popcorn on the market than there are of any other microwave food product. （ C） By volu
21、me, more microwave popcorn is sold than is conventional popcorn. （ D） More money is spent on microwave food products that take three minutes or less to cook than on microwave food products that take longer to cook. （ E） Of the total number of microwave food products on the market, most are microwave
22、 popcorn products. 6 Public reports by national commissions, governors conferences, and leadership groups have stressed the great need for better understanding of international affairs by the citizenry. If the country is to remain a leading nation in an era of international competitiveness, the need
23、 is undeniable. If there is such a need for the citizenry to have a better understanding of international affairs, then all of our new teachers must be prepared to teach their subject matter with an international orientation. If all of the statements in the passage are true, which one of the followi
24、ng must also be true? （ A） If the country is to remain a leading nation in an era of international competitiveness, then new teachers must be prepared to teach their subject matter with an international orientation. （ B） If new teachers are prepared to teach their subject matter with an internationa
25、l orientation, then the country will remain a leading nation in an era of international competitiveness. （ C） If there is better understanding of international affairs by the citizenry, then the country will remain a leading nation in an era of international competitiveness. （ D） If the country is t
26、o remain a leading nation in an era of international competitiveness, then there is no need for the citizenry to have a better understanding of international affairs. （ E） Public reports from various groups and commissions have stressed the need for a more international orientation in the education
27、of teachers. 7 Anthropologists assert that cultures advance only when independence replaces dependence that is, only when imposition by outsiders is replaced by initiative from within. In other words, the natives of a culture are the only ones who can move that culture forward. Non-natives may provi
28、de valuable advice, but any imposition of their views threatens independence and thus progress. If one looks at individual schools as separate cultures, therefore, the key to educational progress is obvious that_. Which one of the following best completes the passage? （ A） individual schools must be
29、 independent of outside imposition （ B） some schools require more independence than others, depending on the initiative of their staffs and students （ C） school system officials must tailor their initiatives for change to each individual school in the system （ D） outsiders must be prevented from par
30、ticipation in schools efforts to advance （ E） the more independent a school is, the more educational progress it will make 8 The mind and the immune system have been shown to be intimately linked, and scientists are consistently finding that doing good deeds benefits one s immune system. The bone ma
31、rrow and spleen, which produce the white blood cells needed to fight infection, are both connected by neural pathways to the brain. Recent research has shown that the activity of these white blood cells is stimulated by beneficial chemicals produced by the brain as a result of magnanimous behavior.
32、The statements above, if true, support the view that （ A） good deeds must be based on unselfish motives. （ B） lack of magnanimity is the cause of most serious illnesses. （ C） magnanimous behavior can be regulated by the presence or absence of certain chemicals in the brain. （ D） magnanimity is benef
33、icial to ones own interests. （ E） the number of white blood cells will increase radically if behavior is consistently magnanimous. 9 The United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)regulates the introduction of new therapeutic agents into the marketplace. Consequently, it plays a critical role in
34、 improving health care in the United States. While it is those in the academic and government research communities who engage in the long process of initial discovery and clinical testing of new therapeutic agents, it is the FDAs role and responsibility to facilitate the transfer of new discoveries
35、from the laboratory to the marketplace. Only after the transfer can important new therapies help patients. Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the passage? （ A） The FDA is responsible for ensuring that any therapeutic-agent that is marketed is then regulated. （ B） Before new t
36、herapeutic agents reach the marketplace they do not help patients. （ C） The research community is responsible for the excessively long testing period for new drugs, not the FDA. （ D） The FDA should work more closely with researchers to ensure that the quality of therapeutic agents is maintained. （ E
37、） If a new medical discovery has been transferred from the laboratory to the marketplace, it will help patients. 10 High-technology medicine is driving up the nation s health care costs. Recent advances in cataract surgery illustrate why this is occurring. Cataracts are a major cause of blindness, e
38、specially in elderly people. Ten years ago, cataract surgery was painful and not always effective. Thanks to the new technology used in cataract surgery, the operation now restores vision dramatically and is less expensive. These two factors have caused the number of cataract operations performed to
39、 increase greatly, which has, in turn, driven up the total amount spent on cataract surgery. Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage? （ A） Ten years ago, few people had successful cataract surgery. （ B） In the long run, the advantages of advanced medical technology are likely to
40、be outweighed by the disadvantages. （ C） The total amount spent on cataract surgery has increased because the increased number of people electing to have the surgery more than offsets the decrease in cost per operation. （ D） Huge increases in the nations health care costs are due primarily to increa
41、sed demand for surgery for older people. （ E） Ten years ago, cataract surgery was affordable for more people than it was last year. 11 Book Review: When I read a novel set in a city I know well, I must see that the writer knows the city at least as well as I do if I am to take that writer seriously.
42、 If the writer is faking, I know immediately and do not trust that writer. When a novelist demonstrates the required knowledge, I trust the storyteller, so I trust the tale. This trust increases my enjoyment of a good novel. Peter Lee s second novel is set in San Francisco. In this novel, as in his
43、first, Lee passes my test with flying colors. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage? （ A） The book reviewer enjoys virtually any novel written by a novelist whom she trusts. （ B） If the book reviewer trusts the novelist as a storyteller, the novel in question must be s
44、et in a city the book reviewer knows well. （ C） Peter Lees first novel was set in San Francisco. （ D） The book reviewer does not trust any novel set in a city that she does not know well. （ E） The book reviewer does not believe that she knows San Francisco better than Peter Lee does. 12 Comets do no
45、t give off their own light but reflect light from other sources, such as the Sun. Scientists estimate the mass of comets by their brightness: the greater a comets mass, the more light that comet will reflect. A satellite probe, however, has revealed that the material of which Hal-leys comet is compo
46、sed reflects 60 times less light per unit of mass than had been previously thought. The statements above, if true, give the most support to which one of the following? （ A） Some comets are composed of material that reflects 60 times more light per unit of mass than the material of which Hal leys com
47、et is composed. （ B） Previous estimates of the mass of Halleys comet which were based on its brightness were too low. （ C） The total amount of light reflected from Halleys comet is less than scientists had previously thought. （ D） The reflective properties of the material of which comets arc compose
48、d vary considerably from comet to comet. （ E） Scientists need more information before they can make a good estimate of the mass of Halleys comet. 13 Until recently, anthropologists generally agreed that higher primates originated about 30 million years ago in the Al Fayyum region of Egypt. However,
49、a 40-million-year-old fossilized fragment of a lower jawbone discovered in Burma(now called Myanmar)in 1978 was used to support the theory that the earliest higher primates originated in Burma. However, the claim is premature for_. Which one of the following, if true, is the most logical completion of the paragraph above? （ A） there are no more primate species in Burma than there are in Egypt （ B） several anthropologists using different dating methods, independently confirmed the estimated age of the jawbone fragment （ C） higher primates cannot be identified solel
