1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 22及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 1 Culture Shock Culture shock is a painful experience we go through when we encounter many new things in ano
3、ther country and we 【 1】 _ in some very strange way. There are five phases or 【 2】_, depression and frustration when we run into obstacles in a new country. And here are six areas of life that cause culture shock: 1. The 【 3】 _ itself. We will see so many strange new things when we set foot on a new
4、 land. 2. The greetings. A common way of greeting at home may lead to a 【 4】 _response in a new country because we are thought to have poked into other peoples personal affairs. 3. 【 5】 _contact. We may be shocked to find that in the new country men and women hug and kiss much more in public than we
5、 are accustomed to. 4. Personal 【 6】 _ between people talking. We dont understand why a person will be backing away from us or why a person may be 【 7】 _ closer to us in the process of communicating with us. That can be a shock to the system as well. 5. 【 8】 _. We always struggle to understand what
6、people are saying. We usually have a very hard time in the classroom, when we struggle to follow the instructor who speaks very fast and to get the 【 9】 _needed for passing the exam. 6. Food, which is very emotional part of life. In a new land, we find our favorite foods may not be available or are
7、prepared quite differently. However, when we have eventually overcome the culture shock, we will have the 【 10】_to feel at home anywhere in the world. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE
8、 ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Victoria has eventually decided to go on a_ （ A） fly
9、-drive holiday （ B） car-trip （ C） two-city holiday （ D） conducted tour 12 At the Epcot Centre Victoria will_. （ A） see aquatic displays （ B） visit a large funfair （ C） visit a technological-advanced city （ D） visit a film studio 13 When she visits the Kennedy Space Centre, Victoria will be able to_.
10、 （ A） send messages to satellites （ B） learn something new about the space （ C） go aboard a spacecraft （ D） operate Mission Control 14 In order to go on this holiday, Victoria ultimately had to_. （ A） overdraw an account （ B） borrow from her parents （ C） work overtime （ D） spend her savings 15 From
11、the conversation, we get the impression that Victoria is_. （ A） pragmatic （ B） extrovert （ C） wilful （ D） calculating SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you
12、 will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 What is the speakers attitude towards child neglect and abuse in the U.S.? （ A） Concerned. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Optimistic. （ D） Pessimistic. 17 According to a survey conducted by the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System in the year of
13、2002, _cases of child maltreatment were confirmed. （ A） 890,000 （ B） 2.6 million （ C） 900,000 （ D） 1,400 18 How many people died in the recent conflict between Iraqi people and the U. S. -led coalition troops? （ A） Two. （ B） Twelve. （ C） Sixty-six. （ D） Eighty. 19 Radical cleric Muqtada al-Sadr got
14、support mainly from_. （ A） the young and poor people （ B） insurgents and rebellious Shiites （ C） people living in Sunni triangle （ D） supporters of Saddam regime 20 _signed the warrant to murder al-Sadr. （ A） U.S. authorities （ B） An Iraqi judge （ C） U.S. Defense Minister （ D） Coalition troops 21 Th
15、e relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e.g. clothmaking, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce
16、these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evidentthe marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e.g. ele
17、ctricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant) if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrializatio
18、n, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-d
19、rawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services o
20、r purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new
21、goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be a
22、pplied to the second (and current) stage. 21 The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that_. （ A） it was a necessary step in the process of industrialization （ B） they depended on electricity available only to the market economy （ C） it was troublesome to produ
23、ce such goods in the home （ D） the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes 22 It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage_. （ A） some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economy （ B） the market economy provided new goods an
24、d services never produced by the home economy （ C） producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptable （ D） whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant 23 During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to
25、enter the marketplace_. （ A） as wage earners （ B） both as manufacturers and consumers （ C） both as workers and purchasers （ D） as customers 24 The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, “High school English teachers are
26、not doing their jobs“. He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established. My topic is not standards nor its decline. What the sp
27、eaker was really saying is that he is no longer youngs he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult. My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the r
28、easons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack. The complainers think they have hit upon an original id
29、ea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults th
30、e language of the young always seems inadequate. Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to todays young people, it naturally follows that todays English teachers cannot be doing thei
31、r jobs. Otherwise, young people would not commit offenses against the language. 24 The speaker mentioned by the author in the passage believed that_. （ A） the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that of the older generation （ B） the students had a poor command of English becaus
32、e they didnt work hard enough （ C） he was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen years （ D） English teachers should be held responsible for the students poor command of English 25 In the authors opinion, the speaker_. （ A） gave a correct judgment of the Englis
33、h level of the students （ B） had exaggerated the language problems of the students （ C） was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobs （ D） could think and speak intelligently 26 The authors attitude towards the speakers remarks is_. （ A） neutral （ B） positive （ C） critical （ D）
34、 compromising 27 It can be concluded from the passage that_. （ A） it is justifiable to include English as a school subject （ B） the author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 level （ C） English language teaching is by no means an easy job （ D） language improvement need
35、s time and effort 28 The word conservation has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw mat
36、erials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless“ and “inexhaustible“. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a livin
37、g body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others. Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction
38、and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation“ had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today. For live sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing
39、 the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyones daily life. To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds need the protection of plant life and w
40、hy the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of m
41、ans fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can. 28 The authors attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of n
42、atural resources is_. （ A） positive （ B） neutral （ C） suspicious （ D） critical 29 According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that_. （ A） they had no idea about scientific forestry （ B） they had little or no sense of environmental protection （ C） they were not aware of the s
43、ignificance of nature study （ D） they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials 30 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generations didnt realize_. （ A） the interdependence of water, soil, and living things （ B） the importance of the proper use of land （ C） the harmful
44、ness of soil destruction and river floods （ D） the extraordinarily rapid growth of population 31 To avoid the mistakes of our forefathers, the author suggests that_. （ A） we plant more trees （ B） natural sciences be taught to everybody （ C） environmental education be directed toward everyone （ D） we
45、 return to nature 32 Video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use. Last December I bought myself a video cassette recorder (VCR) described as “simple to use“. In the first three weeks I failed repeatedly to program the machine to r
46、ecord from the TV, and after months of practice I still made mistakes. I am not alone. According to a survey last year by Ferguson, the British manufacturer, more than one in four VCR owners never use the timer on their machines to record a program: they dont use it because theyve found it far too h
47、ard to operate. So why do manufacturer keep on designing and producing VCRs that are awkward to use if the problems are so obvious? First, the problems we notice are not obvious to technically minded designers with years of experience and trained to understand how appliances work. Secondly, designer
48、s tend to add one or two features at a time to each model, whereas you or I face all a machines features at once. Thirdly, although finding problems in a finished product is easy, it is too late by then to do anything about the design. Finally, if manufacturers can get away with selling products tha
49、t are difficult to use, it is not worth the effort of any one of them to make improvements. Some manufacturers say they concentrate on providing a wide range of features rather than on making the machines easy to use. But that gives rise to the question, “Why cant you have features that are easy use?“ The answer is you can. Good design practice is a mixture of specific procedures and general principles. Fo
