1、专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷 2及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after th
2、e mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Good Writing Educators in English-speaking countries have developed a set of basic charact
3、eristics of good English writing unity, (1)_, emphasis, development and clarity. Here, a different set of concepts are introduced: 1. Good writing is good thinking: It should be (2)_.having something insightful to say about the topic. It is not simply (3)_. It may 1) enlighten you or (4)_the subject
4、; 2) make you feel something similar; 3) make you feel exactly (5)_. 2. Good writing Involves thoughtful (6)_: It is the result of 99% of hard work and 1 % of inspiration. 3. Good writing is directed toward an audience; The audience determines 1) diction and sentence structure; 2) the sentence lengt
5、h and patterns; 3) the overall (7)_; 4) details that should be included. 4. Good writing achieves a clear (8)_: 5. Good writing expresses ideas clearly: It reflects good thinking, which should be put into precise, (9) _, and lucid articles. For non-native speakers of English, clear expre ssion invol
6、ves being (10)_. 10 How to Build Your Vocabulary Effectively Vocabulary is the (1) _ of learning a language, with the help of it, all the skills could be learned well. Here are some methods to build your vocabulary effectively: I. Be aware of the words guess a words meaning from its (2) _ look up th
7、e word (3) _ write down words of interest to you n. Gain vocabulary through reading A. Why read: (4) _what to learn check on what you have learned B. What to read; what attracts you what are (5) _for you HI. Use dictionary as a/an (6) _ keep it at hand use a good dictionary in your workplace check u
8、p the various meanings of one word get a/an (7) _of the way the word has developed from the words history IV. Review the words regularly set aside a specific amount of (8) _ look up new words and review old words set a goal for the (9)_of words and by what date keep the information on a word in one
9、place V. Others The vital factor of vocabulary-building: the internal factor the (10) _ 20 How to Approach a Dissertation I. What is a dissertation A. A piece of writing with argument: requiring you to analyze the evidence to support or contradict different kinds of (1) _ B. An academic writing; bei
10、ng something fresh and (2) _of your ability to analyze and synthesize II. Some fundamental (3) _of the dissertation A. Plan the word limits and follow chapter headings B. Contain a detailed exploration of evidence from published texts to primary (4)_ C. Be clear about the nature of the methodology f
11、or gathering the evidence D. Present it in a finished manner know about format, layout and (5) _of the task III. How to manage your supervisor A. Discuss the amount of contact and support you need B. Discuss the (6) _ C. Set up support groups or pairings D. Supervise progress with a (7) _ E. Evaluat
12、e and respond to the supervisors feedback IV. The importance of time management A. Draw a timetable be with the thorough information of the (8)_ B. Rearrange your time find time for study, (9) _or entertainment C. Fill in personal dissertation periods (10) _is the key to meet deadline 30 Suggestoped
13、ia I. Introduction A. Based on how the brain works and how we learn most effectively B. Derived from suggestion and pedagogy C. Accelerating the learning speed about (1) _ II. Purpose A. Enhance learning B. Be a system for liberation the preliminary (2)_ the previously suggested programs III. The ke
14、y elements and four main stages A. The key elements; the learning environment, the expectation of success and the use of (3)_ B. The four stages; presentation active concert passive review -(4)_ IV. Factors need to be paid attention to A. Music; have slow tempo, regular patterns make voices and inst
15、ruments coordinate with orchestra to make students (5)_ B. Teachers; cover lots of (6) _in class structure the materials in golden proportion be highly (7)_, reliable and credible establish good relations with students act as authority and security C. (8) _: include acting, singing songs, playing ga
16、mes, telling stories, carrying on (9)_, and psycho-dramas the teacher carefully structures them V. Conclusions Certain elements can be used more comprehensively: A. Music used both in the background and during activities B. Conditions in which learners are (10) _and receptive 专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化
17、练习试卷 2答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the
18、 lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Good Writing What is good writing? Different cultures using different languages may come up with very diffe
19、rent answers to the question. Indeed, even different individuals may have different standards, tastes and expectations. However, as far as English is concerned, a set of basic characteristics, which are believed to be present in all good writing, have been promoted by educators in English-speaking c
20、ountries. (1) They are; unity, coherence, emphasis, development and clarity. While these good old values are still relevant, todays discussion of good writing focuses on a different set of concepts. Ill define good writing using different terms; good writing is good thinking; good writing involves t
21、houghtful revision; good writing is directed toward an audience; good writing achieves a clear purpose; good writing expresses ideas clearly. Firstly, good writing is good thinking. Good thinking leads to good writing, and muddy thinking can only result in muddy writing. As simple as that. Writing i
22、s a thinking process; it is not making a big deal out of nothing. (2) Good writing should be substantive, really having things to say. Not only having things to say, but also having insightful things to say about the topic. This concept is particularly important for you non-native speakers of Englis
23、h. You may tend to be overly concerned with being correct in grammar, spelling and mechanics. While good writing is expected to be free from grammatical and other errors, it is worth repeating here that (3) good writing is not good grammar or vice versa. At the advanced level, you should be much mor
24、e concerned with higher and more important issues of writing in English. If you were excited at all by a piece of writing, most likely, it was for one or a combination of the following reasons; 1) because (4) it enlightens you or sheds light on the subject: 2) because you have felt something similar
25、 but in a rather vague and superficial way; 3) because (5) you have felt exactly the same. but have never been able to express yourself in such an effective and elegant manner. Secondly, good writing involves thoughtful revision. Although there are geniuses who are such inspired writers that they ca
26、n produce great writings at the spur of the moment without having to revise as much as one word, such geniuses are few and far between. For the overwhelming majority of writers, good writing is ninety-nine percent hard work and one percent inspiration. Experienced writers subject their writings to n
27、umerous revisions before feeling satisfied. Lu Xun.the greatest modern Chinese writer, for example, talks about pacing pensively in the study for days searching for the right word. Thirdly, good writing is directed toward an audience. Notice the use of the word “ audience“ here: it usually refers to
28、 viewers and listeners, but now its reference has expanded to include readers, too, particularly in discussions of writing. You should remember that what is appropriate for one kind of audience may not be appropriate for another. (7-2) The intended audience determines your choice of words, your sent
29、ence length and patterns, the overall tone, the details that would be included in your writing, etc. Fourthly, (8) good writing achieves a clear purpose. Good writing must achieve your intended purpose. If you want to write about how to make Jiaozi, your reader, after reading your writing, should ge
30、t everything he or she needs to know about how to make Jiaozi, from the necessary ingredients to step by step instructions. If your purpose is to convey the sublime and soul-awakening beauty of the morning sun bursting out of the horizon in the misty Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province, you should
31、describe it in such a way that your readers should be able to visualize the scenery. If you want to propose that China adopt a legal drinking age, you should make it clear to the Peoples Congress why such a law is necessary, what it should be, how to implement such a law, and so forth. Last but not
32、least, good writing expresses ideas clearly. (9) Good writing reflects good thinking, and good thinking needs to be put in precise, concise, and lucid prose. An important task for revision is to trim all the deadwood, pruning all the redundancies, wordiness, and confusing and misleading ambiguities.
33、 (10) For non-native speakers, to express yourself clearly often involves making your writing more idiomatic, reducing the level of negative interference of your native language and to bring your writing closer to English-speaking readers. Only when you can write clearly can you begin to think of de
34、veloping a distinctive style. What kind of style you should develop or use depends on your temperament, your needs, and such controlling factors as the subject you are writing about, the audience you are writing to, and the purpose you want to achieve. One style may be appropriate for certain occasi
35、ons but totally inappropriate for others. You would feel totally out of place if you go to a casual gathering of old friends dressed in expensive suit and tie, unless you want to appear snobbish and showy. How about going to a concert performed by the Vienna Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra in the el
36、egant Grand Capital Arts Center in loosely fit T-shirt and jeans? So far, we have discussed five characteristics of good writing. In later lectures, you will learn in greater detail about how to write to different audiences to achieve specific purposes in clear and effective styles. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答
37、案】 coherence 【试题解析】 根据句 (1)可知，学者们认为一篇好的 写作应具备的一系列基本特征是： unity， coherence， emphasis， development and clarity，故答案为coherence。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 substantive 【试题解析】 演讲者提出本讲座会就好的写作的不同观点展开讨论，其中提到第一点是： good writing is good thinking，关于这一点，根据句 (2)可知，好的写作应该是实质性的，是真的有话要说，故答案为 substantive。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 go
38、od grammar 【试题解析】 根据句 (3)可知，演讲者认为好的写作不能简单地认为是好的语法，反之亦然，故答案为 good grammar。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 light 【试题解析】 演讲者接着谈到一篇写作作品成功的原因有三个，根据句 (4)可知，第一个原因是好的写作应该能启发思维或能阐明所讨论的话题， shed light on sth是一个固定搭配，意为 “把 弄清楚，阐明 ”，故答案为 shed light on或者elaborate。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 the same 【试题解析】 根据句 (5)可知，演讲者认为写作作品成功的第三个原因
39、是：好的作品是你感到和作品中表达的思想一致，但你永远也不能像作品中那样用有效的、优雅的文字表达出来，故答案为 the same。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 revision 【试题解析】 根据句 (6)可知，演讲者认为好的写作应具备的第二点是：好的写作是作者经过深思熟虑、反复修改完成的，故答案为 revision。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正 确答案】 tone 【试题解析】 演讲者指出好的写作应具备的第三点在于句 (71)，因为根据句(72)可知，目标读者决定了措辞、句子的长短和句型、语气以及其他细节，故答案为 tone。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 purpose
40、【试题解析】 根据句 (8)可知，演讲者指出好的写作应具备的第四点是：好的写作应能达到作者的预期目的，故答案为 purpose。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 concise 【试题解析】 最后，演讲者指出好的写作应具备的最后一 点是能清楚明了地表达观点，根据句 (9)可知，好的写作反应好的思想，同时好的思想需要放到严谨的、简明扼要的和清晰的文体中去，题目中用定语从句转换听力原文中的句子，articles同意转述 prose，故答案为 concise。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 idiomatic 【试题解析】 根据句 (10)可知，好的写作试图将观点表达清楚，会让自身的
41、写作更合乎语言习惯、更加地道，故答案为 idiomatic。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 How to Build Your Vocabulary Effectively Good morning. In todays lecture, we shall discuss the strategies of learning English vocabulary. When we talk about learning English, we usually mention the four basic skills listening, reading, speaking and
42、writing. (1) However, all of these skills can not be sharpened without vocabulary. While there are not any magic shortcuts to learning words, the larger your vocabulary becomes, the easier it will be to connect a new word with words you already know, and thus remember its meaning. So your learning s
43、peed, or pace, should increase as your vocabulary grows. There are some basic steps to building your vocabulary effectively. First of all, we need to be aware of words. Many people are surprised when they are told they have small vocabularies. They protest that they read all the time. This shows tha
44、t reading alone may not be enough to make you learn new words. When we read a novel, for instance, there is usually a strong urge to get on with the story and skip over unfamiliar or perhaps vaguely known words. But it is obvious that when a word is totally unknown to you, you have to be especially
45、aware of words that seem familiar to you but whose precise meanings you may not really know. Instead of avoiding these words, you will need to take a closer look at them. (2) First, try to guess a words meaning from its context that is, the sense of the passage in which it appears; if you focus on l
46、earning words in the context where youre most likely to find them, youre more likely to recognize them when you encounter them or need to use them again. Second, (3) if you have a dictionary with you, look up the word immediately. This may slow down your reading somewhat, but your improved understan
47、ding of each new word will eventually speed your learning of other words, making reading easier. Third, make a daily practice of noting words of interest to you for further study whenever you are reading, listening to the radio, talking to friends, or watching television. Second, it is easy to gain
48、vocabulary through reading. When you have become more aware of words, reading is the next important step to increasing your knowledge of words, (4) because that is how you will find most of the words you should be learning. It is also the best way to check on words you have already learned. When you come across a word you have recently studied, and you understand it, which proves you have learned its meaning. Then what should you read? Whatever interests you whatever makes you want to read. If you like sports, read the sports page of the newspapers; read magazin
