1、专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷 5（无答案）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the m
2、ini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.0 The American FamilyWell learn the American families from the following five aspects; 1. Family
3、 structures1) Immediate family, consisting of parents and children 2) (1) _familyconsisting of parents, children , uncles, cousins, grandparents, etc.2. The emphasis on individual freedomThe primary purpose of a family is to (2) , thehappiness of individual members. Family name and honor are (3)_imp
4、ortant.3. The role of the childEmphasis on the individual may affect children in two ways:Children may get more attention and more power; Children may not get enough attention due to the fact that both parents are (4)_.4. (5)_in the family5. Family values1) clearly traditional valuesrespecting ones
5、(6)_being (7)_for ones actionshaving faith in God respecting authoritymarried to (8)_for lifeleaving the world in better shape2) newer valuesgiving (9)_ to other members of thefamily respecting people for themselves developing greater skill in communicatingones feelings respecting ones children livi
6、ng up to ones (10)_as an individual10 Seven Types of EvidenceIt is important to learn to use evidence in argumentative writing, because without evidence, you cant persuade anybody of anything. Usually seven types of evidence are used. I. Expert TestimonyExpert testimony is useful because it comes fr
7、om somebody with special knowledge and has been tested by others.There are three kinds of expert testimony; facts, informed opinions, and (1)_.The first two can be safely used in your writing, but the third may be dangerous, because they are just what is possibly true.II.(2)_This refers to data that
8、 can reveal some information. Strong evidence of this type should be valid, accurate, and (3)_.III. ExamplesExamples are widely used in our daily life.Examples can serve three purposes. First, clarify meaning. Second, provide reason for justification. Third, (4)_.IV. Personal ExperienceWriter can us
9、e his own experience to support anargument. But if the experience is (5) _, theargument will not be very forceful.V. AnalogyAnalogy is a comparison of apparently dissimilar things.Analogy can make unfamiliar topics (6)_, butit is not enough to prove anything.VI. Known FactsKnown facts are facts that
10、 are known to (7)_.They can be used as a type of evidence.VII. Logic and ReasoningLogic and reasoning may be used in two situations.One, (8)_is not available.Two, the writer wants to strengthen the persuasiveness of his factual evidence. Ps: Three Criteria for Good Evidence1. relevant2.(9)._3.(10)_2
11、0 Norms: Types and AcceptanceSociologists find that to understand a culture, it is very important to understand its norms.I. Definition of NormsThey are the (1)_ standards of behaviourmaintained by a society.II. Types of NormsNorms are distinguished in two ways; A. Formal and informal normsFormal no
12、rms are generally (2) _ andinvolve strict rules for punishment of violators. One example is laws.Informal norms are generally (3)_but arenot precisely recorded.Standards of proper dress are an example.B. Mores and folkwaysMores embody the most valuable (4)_of apeople and are regarded highly necessar
13、y to the welfare of a society. Examples are mores against (5)_ and treason.Folkways govern (6)_and the violation ofthem causes relatively little concern.They are important in shaping peoples dailybehaviour. III. Acceptance of NormsPeople in a culture normally follow its norms, but they are not follo
14、wed in all situations.A. In some cases, people evade a weakly-enforced norm.(7)_is an example.B. In some instances norms are violated because one norm (8)_with another.For example, your intervening of your neighbours improper behaviour.C. Any norm has (9)_.Eavesdropping and self-defense are examples
15、.D. Acceptance of norms is subjected to (10)_.Womens role is an example.30 Introductory Lecture to University StudyIn order to adjust well to university life, freshmen usually have to understand the organization of the university they study in and some particular requirements of the degree they are
16、pursuing.I. Structure of the UniversityA. Structure of the faculty1. Faculty(1)_2. (2)_divisional head3. Departmentdepartmental headB. People students usually meet1. (3) _ (Wednesday and Thursdaymornings or (4)_)2. Lecturers (once or twice a week)II. Some Requirements of the Degree A. Teaching arran
17、gements1. (5)_: about an hour long, one persontalks to a group of students2. Tutorials; about (6)_long, presentation and discussion in groups made up of 12 to 15 students 3. Between the two types of arrangements, (7)_are more important for learningB. Other factors concerning university study1. (8)_of essays2. Delivery of written materials3. Plagiarisma) It means taking other peoples work without acknowledging it.b) Students committing plagiarism run the risk of(9)_the subject or even being deniedentry to the university.C. Last suggestion; (10)_ with the schoolauthority.
