1、专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷 6及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after th
2、e mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Online University Degrees Through Distance Education More and more universities around the
3、 world are offering online language courses for foreign students to obtain degrees. Distance education or distance learning focuses on teaching methods and technology with the aim of (1)_teaching. (1)_ I. Benefits of studying online VS going abroad 1. Studying online the cost is lower students can l
4、earn at their own pace students have (2)_ to the materials 24- (2)_ hours-a-day from any computer students have no (3)_ of adapting to a (3)_ new culture and way of life 2. Going abroad students can get the human interaction face to face students have (4)_opportunities to learn (4)_ a new culture st
5、udents can meet new friends to practice the language students have chances to see different parts of the world II. The development of distance education 1. Distance education dates to 1728. The (5)_ (5)_ in the 19th century promoted the development of modem distance education. 2. The University of L
6、ondon claims to be the first university to offer distance learning (6)_. (6)_ III. The reasons why distance education develops rapidly 1. Expanding access: it offers greater possibility of 2. Alleviate capacity constraints; it reduces traditional classroom limitations 3. Making money from emerging m
7、arkets; it benefits from peoples demand of (8)_ by adopting (8)_ distance education. 4. Catalyst for institutional transformation; it acts as a catalyst for rapid change and innovation IV. The development of methods of delivery of distance education 1. Traditional types; classroom lectures and labor
8、atories 2. (9)_study; videotaped/CD-ROM material, (9)_ broadcast programming, online/Internet delivery, _ online Interactive Courses 3. Conference-type group study; study network, seminars/workshops 4. (10)_education; online education using the (10)_ Internet 10 Critical Thinking critical thinking o
9、f students. 2) relationship between creative expression, imaginative writing and critical thinking. II. Major concerns in writing class 1) What goes wrong with a traditional way of teaching? We urge the students to (2)_,but we never encourage them to think from their own perspective .which results i
10、n the (3)_of students potential abilities in creativity and critical thinking. Major problems caused by the lack of emphasis and training in critical thinking: a) Students fail to learn how to think independently. b) Their autonomy in creation and production is jeopardized. c) Their research potenti
11、al is not (4)_. d) Learning becomes a process of (5)_ knowledge of transition. e) Self-evaluation and self-management do not receive due attention. 2) What goes wrong with a traditional writing class? The problem is not how to“write“but “(6)_“. More intriguing problem is how to develop the potential
12、 in critical thinking. There is the difficulty in knowing how to take a position independently and how to express oneself in (7)_ writing. We need critical thinking to help make a sensible (8)_. Major factors in good writing; creativity, imagination, motivation, life experience, language proficiency
13、, and proper practice. 3) How to (9)_critical thinking to English writing training? Try to be different on a reasonable condition in your writing practice. We need to make a (10)_between trying to be different and trying to be reasonable. 20 English Synonyms English has the largest vocabulary and th
14、e most synonyms of all languages in the world. This richness owns to the constant incorporation of words from other languages. I. The gradual incorporation of words from other languages Before 1066, Anglo-Saxon words; After 1066, words borrowed from (1)_; In (2)_.words from Latin and Greek origin; I
15、n modern times,words directly (3)_from other languages around the world; (4)_English,eg. Jeep, railroad, gasoline, etc. II. Different kinds of synonyms 1) Synonyms referring to the same thing but of different (5)_: foreword, preface, introduction; 2) Synonyms referring to different aspects of (6)_:
16、plain, prairie; 3) Synonyms of different degree of (7)_: teach, tutor, school; 4) Synonyms implying different (8)_among the participants; accompany, escort, attend; 5) Synonyms of different degree of (9)_; go to bed VS hit the sack Correct choice of words is very important to the (10)_expression of
17、what one wants to say. 专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷 6答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap
18、-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Online University Degrees Through Distance Education Good mor
19、ning, boys and girls. You are all here eager to improve your foreign language, right? Looking to improve your language skills, but you dont have the time to go overseas to attend school? More and more universities around the world are offering opportunities for students to obtain degrees online from
20、 the comfort of their own homes, and many of these institutions are accredited, meaning that they have met certain standards of excellence. Distance education or distance learning is a field of education that focuses on teaching methods and technology with the aim of delivering teaching, often on an
21、 individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional educational setting such as a classroom. It has been described as “a process to create and provide access to learning when the source of information and the learners are separated by time and distance, or both. “ If you d
22、ecide to take language courses online or any subject for that matter, be sure to evaluate the benefits of studying online verses going abroad. The advantages of studying online are that the costs are usually lower, you can study at your own pace, and (2) you have access to the materials 24-hours-a-d
23、ay from almost any computer in the world. However, you wont get the human interaction of meeting people to face to face like you would if you were physically attending a school overseas. On the other hand, (4) the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new cultu
24、re, meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and chances to see different parts of the world. (3) However, there may be a number of disadvantages for some including expense, time away from ones school, family, or work life, and the challenge of adapting to a new culture and
25、way of life. Whatever you do, considering a distance education program that meets your educational needs, is within your budget, and equally important, provides you with opportunities to grow beyond the classroom through cultural and educational activities. Distance education dates to at least as ea
26、rly as 1728, when an advertisement in the Boston Gazette was seeking students for lessons to be sent weekly. (5) Modern distance education initially relied on the development of postal services in the 19th century and has been practised at least since Isaac Pitman taught shorthand in Great Britain v
27、ia correspondence in the 1840s. (6) The University of London claims to be the first university to offer distance learning degrees, establishing its External Programme in 1858. The development of computers and the Internet have made distance learning distribution easier and faster and have given rise
28、 to the virtual university, the entire educational offerings of which are conducted online. In 1996 Jones International University was launched and claims to be the first fully online university accredited by a regional accrediting association in the US. In 2006, more than 96 percent of the very lar
29、gest institutions have some online offerings, which is more than double the rate observed for the smallest institutions, and that almost 3. 2 million US students were taking at least one online course during the fall term of 2005. Today, there are many private and public, non-profit and for-profit i
30、nstitutions worldwide offering distance education courses from the most basic instruction through to the highest levels of degree and doctoral programs. An institution may not use terms such as “university“ without accreditation and authorization, often overseen by the national government. In the US
31、, the Distance Education and Training Council (DETC) specializes in the accreditation of distance education institutions. Diana G. Obliger, writing specifically of the US context, has identified four broad reasons why educational institutions might embrace distance learning: Expanding access: distan
32、ce education can assist in meeting the demand for education and training demand from the general populace and businesses, (7) especially because it offers greater possibility of flexibility. Alleviate capacity constraints; being mostly or entirely conducted off-site, the system reduces the demand on
33、 institutional infrastructure such as buildings. Making money from emerging markets; she claims an increasing acceptance from the population of the value of lifelong learning. beyond the normal schooling age,and that institutions can benefit financially from this by adopting distance education. Cata
34、lyst for institutional transformation; the competitive modern marketplace demands rapid change and innovation, for which she believes distance education programs can act as a catalyst. The method of delivery of continuing education can include traditional types of classroom lectures and laboratories
35、. However, () much continuing education makes heavy use of distance learning, which not only includes independent study, but which can include videotaped/CD-ROM material, broadcast programming, online/Internet delivery and online Interactive Courses. In addition to independent study, the use of conf
36、erence-type group study, which can include study networks as well as different types of seminars/workshops, can be used to facilitate learning. A combination of traditional, distance, and conference-type study, or two of these three types, may be used for a particular continuing education course or
37、program. Virtual education is a term describing online education using the Internet. This term is used in K - 12 schooling, often to refer to cyber schools, and in higher education, where so-called Virtual Universities have been established. A virtual program is a study program in which all courses,
38、 or at least a significant portion of the courses, are virtual courses. Virtual courses a synonym is online courses are courses delivered on the Internet. “Virtual“ is used here to characterize the fact that the course is not taught in a classroom face-to-face but through some substitute mode that c
39、an be associated with classroom teaching. That means people do not have to go to the real class to learn. Although there is a long and varied history of distance education, the current intersection of technology as a means to facilitate real-time communication with community-centered interaction, an
40、d the increasing acceptance and employment of those developments in the broader culture, have uniquely positioned virtual schools in a position of significant innovation and responsibility. Thanks for your listening. Wish my suggestions may give you some help. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 delivering 【试题解析】 本题
41、为概括题。演讲者在第二段开头就对 Distance education(远程教育 )进行了定义，指出远程教育十分关注教学资源传递的手段： focuses on teaching methods and technology with the aim of delivering teaching，因此填入delivering。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 access 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此 处讲到了在线学习的优势之一： you have access to the materials 24-hoursaday from almost any computer in the w
42、orld，即可以使用世界上的任何一台电脑，在一天内的任何时间开展在线学习。因此填入access，意为 “能够，许可 ”。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 challenge 【试题解析】 本题为推断题。本题考查出国留学的弊端，也就是在线学习的优势： However， there may be a number of disadvantages for some including expense， and the challenge of adapting to a new culture and way of life 即学习者通过在线学习无需面对新文化以及新生活方式的挑战。因此填人
43、challenge。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 day-to-day 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处讲到出国留学的好处： daytoday opportunities to learn a new culture， meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language，即学习者可以在日常生活中学习新的文化，结交新的朋友并使用和练习外语。因此填入 day-today。 【知识模块】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 postal services 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处讲到了远程教育的发展历史： Moder
44、n distance education initially relied on the development of postal services in the 19thcentury ，现代远程教育的发展离不开 19世纪邮政服务的发展，也就是邮政服务促进了远程教育的发展。因此填人 postal services。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 degrees 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。本题考查讲座的细节内容： The University of London claims to be the first university to offer distance learning
45、 degrees，伦敦大学是第一个提供远程教育学位的大学，因此填入 degrees。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 flexibility 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。远程教育之所以能够发展迅速，其中一个原因是更具灵活性。文中提到 distance educationespecially because it offers greater possibility of flexibility。即远程学习更具灵活性。因此填人 flexibility。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 lifelong learning 【试题解析】 本题为概括题。本题依然考查远程教育迅速发展的原因，
46、 Making money from emerging markets，各大高校开设远程教育课程也是从市场 效益的角度考虑，讲座中提到 an increasing acceptance from the population of the value of lifelong learning，越来越多的人意识到了终生教育的意义，远程教育就有了自己的市场。因此填入 lifelong learning。 【知 识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 Independent 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。此处考查现代远程教学重要的学习途径independent study，即独立学习或者叫做自学。远程学习的
47、主要途径除了在线观看传统的课堂授课和实验录像，最主要的还是学习者独立开展的学习活动。因此填人 Independent。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 Virtual 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。讲座结尾处提到了虚拟教育的话题，这也是远程教育的一种学习途径， Virtual education is a terra describing online education using the Internet，虚拟教育主要是依赖于网络的一种学习方式，这种方式在西方国家是相当普遍的。因此填入 Virtual，意为 “虚拟的，虚构的 ”。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 Critic
48、al Thinking How is such a serious issue related to our immediate concern how to write a science story in our writing class? It depends. All depends on how you look at the relationship between creative expressing, imaginative writing and critical thinking. As you fully understand, rich imagination is
49、 an important source for good science story in our time. “Your words sound pedantic. Give me something more real,“ you say impatiently and eager to know more. Take it easy! Let us try to think these big questions before taking some practical examples. Where do we get imagination? How can we become more creative? Or,in a word,how can we write a scienc
