1、专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷 8及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after th
2、e mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Culture There are so many things about our lives that belong to culture. I. Language Langu
3、age is what people and animals use to (1)_ their thoughts, ideas and feelings. Just like animals, people use different languages. Each culture has its own words and symbols. People within the culture that use more than one language are said to be either (2)_or multilingual. Languages have different
4、(3)_, which are variations of a language. (4) _is most commonly used by deaf people. II. Folklore Folklore is body of stories that show a cultures beliefs,traditions and (5)_. The characters in folktales are often (6)_ people, whose character is admired. Folklore now finds its way into poetry, song
5、lyrics and (7)_. III. Holiday Holiday is a day made special by a cultures customs or laws. Holidays help a culture remember and (8)_ its history. People may attend parades, sing songs, go to (9)_or give gifts to each other on certain holidays. The English word holiday came from two words; holy and d
6、ay. The best known (10)_holiday is Christmas. 10 Oral Presentation One of the ways that teachers use to involve their students more actively in the learning process is (1)_ seminars. In a seminar, students are expected to give oral presentations. There are two main stages involved in presenting a se
7、minar paper. A. the (2)_stage B. the presentation stage;2 methods mentioned here 1) You can do this by (3)_copies of the paper in advance to all the participants,if possible; you must not simply read the whole paper aloud because: a. If the paper is fairly long, there may not be enough time for (4)_
8、. b. There may be (5)_of comprehension when one is listening. c. It can be very (6)_listening to something being read aloud. 2) Otherwise the paper will have to be read aloud to the group. To make your oral presentation clear and easy to understand, you must follow several things; Decide on a (7)_fo
9、r your talk. Deliver your speech slowly. Concentrate on the main points. Speak from the (8)_. Provide thinking time before and after each important new item by pausing, (9)_ and using filler words. Look at your audience while you are speaking. Make a strong (10)_by repeating your main points briefly
10、. 20 How to Write Job Applications and Resumes Completing on application and succeeding in interview are fundamental in job-seeking. The result of an interview is uncertain but you can decide whether your application is attractive. I. Preparation for your application and resume 1) Offering your abil
11、ities A. basis: personal and (1)_background B. skills;being specific C. knowledge;to (2)_the employer 2) Find your most interested positions II. Resume 1) A resume; a written (3)_of your qualifications A. a statement of your education B. employment record or (4)_ C. a list of references D. other dat
12、a 2) The importance of a good resume A. (5)_;the best impression of you B. self-appraisal;your true worth III. How to prepare good resumes l)Make the resume (6)_ A. typewritten B. perfectly balanced on the page C. free from errors and (7)_corrections D. vary in length 2) Make the resume fit the empl
13、oyers needs A. never try to copy someone elses resume or to use the same one over and over B. find out what the job you are seeking demands and then (8)_your resume accordingly C. examples; a) job requirement; dictation at a high speed skill emphasis: (9)_ b) job requirement: talent in writing skill
14、 emphasis; writing ability IV. Characteristics of good applications and resumes 1) Unique to yourself 2) Particular 3) Never (10)_ 专业英语八级（ MINI-LECTURE）强化练习试卷 8答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening,
15、 take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
16、 Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Culture Good morning,everyone. In this lecture we will learn something about culture. First think about these things; What is a culture? How are culture different? How are they the same? How should we define culture? These are a few questions that we wi
17、ll explore throughout this lecture. By the time we have finished, you will have a better understanding of the uniqueness of your own culture, and hopefully, a greater appreciation of the similarities and differences that exist among various cultures of the world. There are many things that make up a
18、 culture. In fact,there are so many things about our lives that make up part of the culture we belong to that there is no way to cover them all here. Therefore,we will concentrate on only three aspects of culture in this unit. They are;language,folklore and holiday. What is language? According to We
19、bsters Dictionary language is defined as: 1. a body of words and systems for their use common to people of the same community or nation. 2. any system of formalized symbols, signs, etc, used or conceived as a means of communication. 3. the means of communication used by animals. Simply, language is
20、what people and animals use to communicate their thoughts, ideas and feelings. Of course, animals communicate with each other differently than humans, and each type of animals communicates differently. For example , a bee uses a sophisticated dance to tell the rest of the bees in the hive where ther
21、e is food,while humpback whales communicate through the use of melodic sounds. One could say then,that animals use different languages. Like animals, people also use different languages. Each culture has its own words and symbols that used by people within that culture to communicate with others in
22、the same culture. For example,a person living in Japan will use the Japanese language to communicate with other Japanese. Unlike animals though, some cultures use more than one language. (2) People within these cultures are said to be either bilingual or multilingual. One such place is Canada. It is
23、 very likely that a person living in Canada may speak both French and English. Likewise, a person living in Switzerland may speak Italian, German and French. Not only do people use different languages to communicate, but languages also have different dialects. A dialect is a variation of a language
24、that uses words and grammar somewhat differently from the standard form of the same language. For example, people who live in Manchester,England speak in a dialect that is slightly different from people who live in London,England;however,people in both cities speak English. There are also some peopl
25、e who dont use a spoken language at all. These people use their hands to communicate. (4) This type of language is called sign language and is most commonly used by people who are deaf. Now that we know how people communicate, we are faced with a question. Are we part of a specific culture because o
26、f the language we speak, or do we speak a particular language because we are part of that culture? To put it more simply, is a person Korean because he speaks Korean,or does he speak Korean because he was born in Korean? What part does language play in the definition of culture? (5) Folklore is a bo
27、dy of stories that reflect a cultures beliefs, traditions and values. (6)Often the characters in folktales are real people. When a folktale tells of the actions of a real person, its purpose is to reveal some admired quality of that persons character. Other folktales use characters that are larger t
28、han life to pass on truths that are valued by the culture. Folktales have been told for centuries,and all cultures have them. At one time, all folklore was part of an oral tradition and was passed on by word of mouth. (7)Today,folklore finds its way into poetry,song lyrics and fables. A holiday is a
29、 day made special by a cultures customs or laws. (8) Holidays help a culture remember and honor its history. Each culture has its own traditions or recognizing and celebrating these special days. (9) People may attend parades, sing songs,go to picnic or give gifts to each other on certain holidays.
30、Some holidays are peculiar to a culture. Other holidays, like Christmas and Thanksgiving, are celebrated by many cultures around the world. The English word holiday actually came from two words, holy and day. This is because,years ago,the only holidays that were observed were religious days. (10)The
31、 best-known religious holiday is Christmas. In most parts of the world, Christmas is a time of happy festivities. People decorate Christmas trees with ornaments and lights and give each other gift. Families gather for large dinners that consist of turkey, ham, dressing, yams and other holidays fare.
32、 They also attend church and give thanks for the Jesus Christ,who was born as the savior of the world. Next,I will tell a short version of the story Christmas. As you listen to the story, think about how Christmas is celebrated in your culture. Do people in your culture celebrate Christmas like peop
33、le in North America? If not, in what way do you celebrate Christmas? What holiday is the most important in your culture? Why? The Christmas story goes like this; While Mary and Joseph were resting in a stable in Bethlehem, Marys baby was born. Mary was happy, because an angel had told her that her b
34、aby was the son of God, and that he would grow up to help people love one another,and love God. Mary called the baby Jesus. The shepherds came to see the Christ child and to worship him. When they left,they spread the joyous news. All the angels came, too. They filled the air with singing as they pr
35、aised God and said, “Glory be to god in highest,and peace on earth and good will to man. “ Thats all for today, thanks for your attention! See you next time! 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 communicate 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。演讲者讲到了语言的定义： language is what people and animals use to communicate their thoughts， ideas and fee
36、lings，语言是人类和动物之间交流、沟通思想和感受的途径。因此填入 communicate。 【知识模块】 讲 座 2 【正确答案】 bilingual 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。演讲者讲到有些文化会使用两种或两种以上的语言： People within these cultures are said to be either bilingual or multilingual multilingual指 “使用多种语言的 ”， bilingual指 “使用两种语言的 ”。故此处填入 bilingual。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 dialects 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。
37、人们不仅使用不 同的语言进行交流，而且还有不同的方言。 A dialect is a variation of a language that uses words and grammar somewhat differently from the standard form of the same language方言是一种语言标准形式在词汇和语法上的变体。故此处填人 dialects。 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 Sign language 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处演讲者讲到了聋哑人通常 使用的手语，因此填入 Sign language。此处注意首字母要大写。 【知识模块
38、】 讲座 5 【正确答案】 values 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。本题考查民间故事 folklore的定义， Folklore is a body of stories that reflect a cultures beliefs， traditions and values民间故事指的是反映不同文化信念、传统和价值观的一系列故事传说。因此此处答案为values。 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答 案】 real 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。传说中的故事人物通常是具有令人敬佩钦羡的性格的真实人物，故此处填人 real。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 fables 【试题解析】 本
39、题为细节题。演讲者讲到民间传说的现状 folklore finds its way into poetry， song lyrics and fables此处应填 fables，意为 “神话，寓言 ”。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【正确答案】 honor 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。演讲者第三 部分讲到了节日，认为 Holidays help a culture remember and honor its history节日让人们记住并纪念历史事件，因此填入 honor。 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 picnics 【试题解析】 本题为细节题。演讲者讲到了节日期间人们的庆祝方式： P
40、eople may attend parades， sing songs， go to picnic or give gifts to each other on certain holidays 其中 go to picnics是其中的庆祝活动之一，故此处答案为 picnics。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】 religious 【试题解析】 本题为要点题。此处讲到西方最重要的节日为圣诞节 (Christmas)，圣诞节最初是西方非常重要的宗教节日，因此填入 religious。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 Oral Presentation Good morning.
41、 Today I want to talk about techniques for oral presentation. Although I am going to talk about presentations, these are equally useful for business talks or any other kind of public speeches. In your university work, you will be expected to give oral presentations, in the form of reports or simply
42、in the form of answers to questions. Nowadays, many university teachers try to involve their students more actively in the learning process. (1) One of the ways in which this is done is by conducting seminars. In a seminar, what usually happens is this. One student is chosen to give his ideas on a c
43、ertain topic. These ideas are then discussed by the other students (the participants) in the seminar. What Id like to discuss with you now is the techniques of presenting a paper at a seminar. I am going to give you some advice on how to present a seminar paper. (2) As you know,there are two main st
44、ages involved in this. One is the preparation stage which involved researching and writing up a topic. The other stage is the preparation stage when you actually present the paper to your audience. It is the second that I am concerned with now. There are two ways in which this can be done. The first
45、 method is to circulate copies of the paper in advance to all the partic-ipants. This gives them time to read it before the seminar,so that they can come already prepared with their own ideas about what you have written. The second method is where there is no time for previous circulation, or there
46、is some other reason why the paper cannot be circulated. In that case,of course,the paper will have to be read aloud to the group,who will probably make their own notes on it while they are listening. In this talk I am going to concentrate on the first method where the paper is circulate in advance,
47、 as this is the most efficient way for conducting a seminar, but most of what 1 am going to say also applies to the second method; and indeed may be useful to remember any time you have to speak in public. You will probably be expected to introduce your paper even if it has been circulated beforehan
48、d. There are two good reasons for this. One is that the participants may have read the paper but forgotten some of the main points. The second reason is that some of the participants may have glanced through it quickly. They will therefore not be in a position to comment on it, unless they get some
49、idea of what it is all about. When you are introducing your paper, what you must not do is simply to read the whole paper aloud. This is because; Firstly, if the paper is a fairly long one, there may not be enough time for discussion. From your point of view, the discussion is the most important thing. It is very helpful for you if other people criticize your work; in that way you c
