1、专业英语八级（翻译）练习试卷 3及答案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 择书比择友简单得多。不擅辞令、厌恶应酬的人，可以自由自在地徜徉于书林之中，游目四顾，俯拾皆友。 看书，可以博览，可以细嚼，没有人会怪你喜新厌旧，也没有人要求你从一而终。你大可以从一本书换到另一本，喜爱的书，不妨一读再读；不耐看的书，又可随手抛下，谁也不会因此而 伤心失望。人际关系错综复杂，那 “书际关系 ”呢 ?只要花点时间去了解，再高深的学问也弄得明白。 2 哲学家们以各种各样
2、的方式解释世界。哲学是言而不是行。哲学家断乎改变不了自然与社会。是不能也，非不为也。哲学不是科学技术，不是生产力。哲学是怀疑，是思虑，是静观，是探索。严格来说，哲学不是解释宇宙，那是自然科学的事。哲学家至多只能解释人生，解释自己，解释文本。哲学也不是知识，不是知识体系，不是儿何学，物理学那样一大套公理、公式，可以解决实际 生存问题。哲学的精神永远是探究、怀疑、发问、深思；而不是提供现 存答案。 哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察天体，而只是坐存静湍的书斋罩读书、思考、思考那究竟至极、虚无缫渺的本体问题。哲学家孤苦伶仃，独处一室之中。面对古往今来的大 哲学家遗留下来
3、的问题，他苦苦沉思。他唯一的财富是文本，哲学因而就是解释文本，而不是解释宇宙。哲学家只是一味地同古往今来的灵魂交谈 他读书，是同古昔人物交谈：他写作，是同子孙后代奁谈；他讲演，是同莘莘学子交谈；他沉思是同自己交谈。 他长于洞见，洞见未来；他善于遐想，遐想无限；他耽于梦幻，幻游彼岸；他富于 关怀，关怀永恒。他同远在天涯的哲人和精神交谈，在这个意义上，他视通万里，思接千载。他伟大，他不朽，他同古往今来的灵魂对话。以哲学为命运的人应当准备在崎岖小路上独行，没有目的，也不会有黄金滚滚而来。告别鲜花、头衔、掌声和奖品，钟情于思，就会有真哲学。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE D
4、irections: Translate the following text into Chinese. 3 If we want to avoid the disaster scenario, people in developed countries will have to take a global perspective and accept responsibility for the damage export crops such as timber, coffee, cut flowers or even green beans, do to the environment
5、. The challenge is to avoid simply imposing western attitudes on local peoples. Already there are no truly wild places left in the world. Looking at wildlife has become the preserve of the middle classes over the last twenty-odd years, and as wild animals become even rarer, so more tourists want to
6、see them. But tourism alone plainly cannot conserve the worlds animals; economic development is the priority. For the future, I suspect that if you really want to do something about wild life conservation, you would be better off putting your money into womens education rather than just into the pro
7、tection of flagship species. Women often bear the direct costs of wildlife conflict; their knowledge of how to deal with conflict and how to control their own reproductive destinies may yet determine the survival of many threatened species. 4 The effect of any writing on the public mind is mathemati
8、cally measurable by its depth of thought. How much water does it draw? If it awaken you to think, if it lift you from your feet with the great voice of eloquence. then the effect is to be wide. slow. permanent, over the minds of men; if the pages instruct you not. they will die like flies in the hou
9、r. The way to speak and write what shall not go out of fashion is. to speak and write sincerely. The argument which has not power to reach my own practice, I may well doubt, will fail to reach yours. But take Sidneys maxim: -“Look in thy heart, and write.“ He that writes to himself writes to an eter
10、nal public. That statement only is fit to be made public, which you have come at in attempting to satisfy your own curiosity. The writer who takes his subject from his ear, and not from his heart, should know that he has lost as much as he seems to have gained, and when the empty book has gathered a
11、ll its praise, and half the people say, “What poetry! What genius!“ it still needs fuel to make fire. That only profits which is profitable, Life alone can impart life; and though we should burst, we can only be valued as we make ourselves valuable. 专业英语八级（翻译）练习试卷 3答 案与解析 SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLIS
12、H Directions: Translate the following text into English. 1 【正确答案】 It is much easier to choose a book than a friend. One who is poor at speech and shuns socializing will nevertheless feel like being surrounded by friends while sauntering freely in the midst of book. Books can be read cursorily, or ch
13、ewed and digested. None will ever call you fickle-minded, and none will ever demand that you be constant in your affection. You can go from one book to another. And you can read your favorite book over and over again. When you lay aside the book you dislike, none will ever feet hurt or disappointed.
14、 While interpersonal relations are most complicated, what about your relations with books? Devote your time to studies, and you will be able to acquire any knowledge no matter how profound it is. 【试题解析】 这段材料选自金圣华的书与人，题材有关读书之乐，是说明文体，用词讲究，出现了四字成语，因此正确领会原文含义，将意思既完整地翻译又符合英语表达习惯是重中之重。 1首段中的 “不善辞令 ”译成 poo
15、r at speech。 “厌恶应酬 ”可采取反译法，译成shun socializing (避开交际 )，这比用 hate好，因为后者的感情色彩过于强烈，不太符合此处语境。后半部分 “自由自在地徜徉于书林之中，游目四顾，俯拾皆友 ”翻译难度较大。可以用 while将两部分连接起来译出。 “游目四 顾 ”表现出一种悠闲状态，译成 saunter。 “俯拾皆友 ”直接译成 being surrounded by friends。 2第二段首句中的 “博览 ”与 “细嚼 ”相对，用 cursorily(草草地 )译出符合语境。“喜新厌旧 ”转化成形容词译出， fickle-minded意为 “不专
16、一的 ”。 “从一而终 ”可意译为 constant in your affection。 “不耐看 ”的意思就是 “不喜欢 ”，用 dislike表示。“随手抛下 ”译成 lay aside。 【知识模块】 翻译 2 【正确答案】 To some extent, philosophers tend to refrain from any secular involvements. A philosopher seldom frequents farmlands or factories, and he even never bothers to look through a telescop
17、e to make any observation of celestial bodies. He is only fond of staying in his personal library, in all its quietude, where he indulges himself in book reading and in musing, pondering on those intangible onto logical issues that he deems to be of ultimate significance. A philosopher is willing to
18、 surrender himself to utter loneliness and seclusion, confining himself to a room of his own, in a state of overwhelming solitude. In the face of the philosophical issues left over by great philosophical thinkers, ancient and modem, he contemplates painstakingly. The only wealth to his possession is
19、 texts. Therefore, the task of philosophy is to interpret texts rather than to interpret the universe. A philosopher is solely concerned with conducting dialogues with the great souls from ancient antiquity to the contemporary era. In reading books, he converses with the ancients. In writing his own
20、 books, he converses with the progeny. In delivering lectures, he converses with a multitude of young students. In contemplating, he converses with himself. 【知识模块】 翻译 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. 3 【正确答案】 要想避免灾难局面的发生，发达国家的人必须从全球角度看问题，并为木材、咖啡、鲜花甚
21、至菜豆之类出口作物对环境造成的危害承担责任。需要谨慎的是，应避免简单地把西方的立场强加于当地人民。 目前世界上已经没有真正的荒野了。在过去的 20多年里，观赏野生动物已成为中产阶级的专有权，随着野生动物变得更加稀少，想看野生动物的游客会更多。但是单靠旅游业显然不可能保护世 界上的动物；经济发展才是首要任务。 我认为，为了未来，人们要是真想在野生动物保护方面做一些事，最好还是把钱投在妇女教育上，而不仅仅用于保护那些带象征意义的重要物种。妇女常常承受着与野生动物发生冲突的直接代价；她们是否知道如何应对冲突，能否掌握自己的生育命运，有可能决定着许多濒危物种的生存。 【试题解析】 这段材料选自 Cam
22、bridge Alumni Magazine 1999年第 28期的Wildlife Conservation。本文探讨野生动物保护问题，是说明文体，句式不是很复杂， 语言表达规范，出现个别生词，但翻译时可根据上下文语境进行推敲，通顺译出。第一段首句中的 scenario原意为 “场景 ”，此处引申为 “(可能或将要发生 /出现的 )事态，局面 ”。 take a global perspective即 “从全球角度看问题 ”。 accept responsibility for意为 “为 承担责任 ”。 export crops是指 “出口作物 ”或 “出口农林产品 ”，其后内容是 dama
23、ge的定语从句。 cut flower。是指剪切并包装好以供在超市或花店出售的鲜花。这里译成 “鲜花 ”即可。 Green beans指 “菜豆 ”。北京叫“扁豆 ”，有些地方叫 “四季豆 ”。 challenge原意为 “难办、须认真对待的事 ”，这里可以译成 “需要谨慎的 (是 )”。 attitude这里译成 “立场 ”或 “观念 ”比 “态度 ”恰当，因为汉语一般不说把某一态度强加给某人。第二段第二句中 preserve的原意是 “独占的领域、活动范围等 ”，这里可泽为 “专有权 ”。 twenty-odd意为 “20多 ”。末句中的priority意为 “优先考虑的事情 ”，即 “首
24、要任务 ”。末段首句中的 you泛指 “人们 ”。注意该句中后一个 you在译成汉语时可以省略。 do something about意为 “在 方面 /为 做一些事 ”。 you would be better off用于提建议，意思是 “最好 ”。 put money into 意思是 “把钱花 /投到 上 ”。注意英语的介词是 into，汉语的是“上 ”。 flagship的含义是 “旗舰性质的 ”，也就是 “最重要的 ”、 “带象征意义的 ”。reproductive destinies原意是 “生育命运 ”。作者的意思是，如果妇女知道如何计划生育，少生孩子，就不会有那么多的人口与野生
25、动物争夺生存空间。 threatened species意为 “受到威胁的物种 ”，即 “濒危物种 ”。 【知识模块】 翻译 4 【正确答案】 那么计算标准是什么呢 ?如果一部作品发人深省，如果它以其伟大雄辩的声音令你有醍醐灌顶之感，那么该作品对人类思想的影响便是宽广、渐进、永恒的。如果它并无指导意义，则会如苍蝇般瞬息即逝。若要使言论书写的内容不被历史所淘汰，方法便是确保其真实性。我怀疑那些连我自己都说服不了的论据同样也无法令你们信服。西德尼有句名言 “抒写自己的内心 ”。写给自己便是写给不朽的公众。哪怕只是你试图满足自己好奇心时写下的东西也适合公之于众。根据道 听途说而不是自己真实想法取材的作家应该明白，他所失去的和表面上所得到的是一样多的。即使思想内容空洞的书汇集了所有的赞扬，半数人都惊叹道， “真是首好诗啊 !才子啊 !”，即便这样，也依旧需要反复锤炼。 【知识模块】 翻译
