1、专业英语八级（讲座听力）模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lect
2、ure. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Homer Homer: one of the greatest (1)_poets. famous for two epic poems: related with (2)_War I. Illiad
3、: A. describes the heroes who fought at Troy B. consists of 15,000 lines in 24 chapters, each designated by a (3)_letter of Greek alphabet C.Greek or Trojan heroes: represent their personalities and (4)_. 1) wise advisors Nestor 2) brave warrior Ajax 3) (5)_trickster Odysseus 4) coward Greek king Me
4、nelaos, Trojan prince Paris D. Effects: 1) Ancient Greek students learned how to act properly they allow this technology to come into its own, fulfilling its potential to link the world together in a way that it never could if everyone stayed put behind the lines on maps. No other social networks of
5、fer the same global reach or commercial opportunity. This is because the diaspora networks have three lucrative virtues. First, they speed the flow of information across borders: a Chinese businessman in South Africa who sees a demand for plastic vuvuzelas will quickly inform his cousin who runs a f
6、actory in China. Second, they foster trust. That Chinese factory-owner will believe what his cousin tells him, and act on it fast, perhaps sealing a deal worth millions with a single conversation on Skype. Third, and most important, diasporas create connections that help people with good ideas colla
7、borate with each other, both within and across ethnicities. Then, theres the relationship between migration and creativity. Immigrants are only an eighth of Americas population, but a quarter of the engineering and technology firms started there between 1995 and 2005 had an immigrant founder, accord
8、ing to Vivek Wadhwa of Duke University. The exceptional creativity of immigrants doubtless reflects the sort of people who up sticks and get visas. But work by William Maddux of 1NSEAD and Adam Galinsky of Northwestern University suggests that exile itself makes people creative. They compared MBA st
9、udents who had lived abroad with otherwise similar students who had not, using an experiment in which each was given a candle, a box of matches and a box of drawing pins. The students task was to attach the candle to a wall so that it burned properly and did not drip wax on the table or the floor. T
10、his Duncker candle problem, as it is known, is considered a good test of creativity because it requires you to imagine something being used for a purpose quite different from its usual one. (7) Some 60% of the migrants saw the solution against 42% of non-migrants. The creativity of migrants is enhan
11、ced by their ability to enroll collaborators both far-off and nearby. In Silicon Valley, more than half of Chinese and Indian scientists and engineers share tips about technology or business opportunities with people in their home countries, according to AnnaLee Saxenian of the University of Califor
12、nia, Berkeley. A study by the Kauffman Foundation, a think-tank, found that 84% of returning Indian entrepreneurs maintain at least monthly contact with family and friends in America, and 66% are in contact at least that often with former colleagues. For entrepreneurs who return to China, the figure
13、s are 81% and 55%. Diaspora ties help businesses to collaborate. What may be the worlds cheapest fridge was conceived from a marriage of ideas generated by Indians in India and Indians overseas. Uttam Ghoshal, Himanshu Pokharna and Ayan Guha, three Indian-American engineers, had an idea for a coolin
14、g engine, based on technology used to cool laptop computers, that they thought might work in a fridge. In India visiting relatives they decided to show their idea to Go-drej & Boyce, an Indian manufacturing firm. Mr. Pokharna wheedled an introduction from a young member of the Godrej family, exploit
15、ing the fact that both had been at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton business school. (9) They discovered that Godrej was already working on a cheap fridge for rural Indians too poor to fork out the $200 normally required, let alone the subsequent electric bills. Jamshyd Godrej, the firms chai
16、rman, was determined to make a cheap battery-powered fridge. With the help of Mr. Ghoshals cooling chip, his team produced the “little cool“ light, portable, small and cheap. Mr. Ghoshals firm in Texas, Sheetak Inc, is working with Godrej to make it more efficient. The “new type of hyperconnectivity
17、“ that enables such projects is fundamental to todays networked diasporas. Migrants are now connected instantaneously, continuously, dynamically and intimately to their communities of origin. This is a fundamental and profound break from the past eras of migration. The break explains why diasporas,
18、always marginalized in the flat-map world of national territories, find themselves in the thick of things as the world becomes networked. Weve talked about the changes of diasporas, why diaspora networks are effective and how migrations can help business. Any questions? 【知识模块】 讲座 11 【正确答案】 borders b
19、oundaries demarcation 【试题解析】 细节题。作者一开始将真实世界与地图作比较，地图上有明确的分界线，而现实世界人们不停迁徙，没有界限。从而引出主题。 【知识模块】 讲座 12 【正确答案】 stay in touch remain in touch 【试题解析】 要点题。以前人们移居后就和家人断绝了联系，而现在交通工具和通讯手段格外发达，人们也能和家乡保持联系。注意此处介词 with，因此用原文的 stay in touch。 【知识模块】 讲座 13 【正确答案】 lucrative virtues values strong points 【试题解析】 要点题。聚居区
20、有三大优点，这里不写修饰语 lucrative也可以。 【知识模块】 讲座 14 【正确答案】 collaborate with cooperate with 【试题解析】 要点题。三个好处中的最后一个是促进人们之间的合作。 【知识模块】 讲座 15 【正确答案】 creativity 【试题 解析】 要点题。从 “Then， theres the relationship between migration and creativity ”一句便可知答案，如果没听清，还可从后面多处得知。 【知识模块】 讲座 16 【正确答案】 engineering and technology 【试题解析
21、】 细节题。为说明移民创意力较高，举了美围的例子。虽然他们只占人口八分之一，但工程科技公司却有四分之一都是移民创始的。 【知识模块】 讲座 17 【正确答案】 60 two-thirds 【试题解析】 细节题。这个例子也是为了说明移民创意力高。 【知识模块】 讲座 18 【正确答案】 businesses 【试题解析】 要点题。移民不仅是个人与个人间的合作，更是商业间的合作，孕育着商机。 【知识模块】 讲座 19 【正确答案】 poor Indians 【试题解析】 细节题。正是因为几个工程师是印度人，所以在探亲时才会发现问题，找到商机。他们造出了可称为世界上最便宜的冰箱，为的自然是印度穷人。
22、 【知识模块】 讲座 20 【正确答案】 fundamental essential 【试题解析】 要点题。最后作者总结，超乎寻常的关联性至关重要。 【知识模块】 讲座 20 【听力原文】 Floating Facebook Hello everyone, welcome to the business course. Today we will focus on a social network site that changed the world. Yes, youre right, thats Facebook. Facebook is going to make its IPO. I
23、t is likely to become a gargantuan company. (1) That will bring risks as well as rewards. Facebook will soon make a fortune for its founder Mr. Zuckerberg, still only 27, who owns 28.4% of Facebook and will continue to control most of the voting rights. It will also enrich other shareholders, many o
24、f them employees. On February 1 st the company announced plans for an initial public offering (IPO) that will raise $5 billion, maybe more, in the largest flotation ever of an internet company. Not since Googles IPO in 2004 have techies and venture capitalists been so aflutter. Facebooks flotation,
25、which is likely to take place in the spring, will create a publicly quoted tech giant that will stand alongside American technology titans such as Amazon, Apple and Google itself. Facebooks stunning progress has earned the company estimated valuations of between $75 billion and 100 billion. The case
26、 for thinking such a valuation is justified rests in part on a couple of broad technological trends that show no signs of going into reverse. (2) The first is the rapid spread of internet connectivity, which is making Facebook accessible to ever more people. The second is the rise of the mobile phon
27、e. Already more than 425 million people are tapping into Facebook on these devices and in future most of the social networks growth will come from the mobile web. Together, these trends could propel the number of users beyond 1 billion. Admittedly, other social networks will be helped by this too. B
28、ut Facebook stands to benefit the most because Mr. Zuckerberg and his colleagues have cleverly positioned the site as a “social utility“ , as he once put it, which lets people do all kinds of things, from passing on newspaper articles to playing games or posting photos of themselves, their friends o
29、r their pets. (3) They can do more and more, because Facebook has enticed outside developers to create software “apps“ that run on its platform and has itself constantly improved the platform. All this explains why people are now spending far more time on Facebook than on rival web services such as
30、Google and why it has benefited from strong network effects. It is spreading fast across emerging markets such as India and Brazil, where it recently dethroned Googles Orkut as the leading social network. One reason why Facebook was able to topple Orkut is that people began to join it in droves to k
31、eep in touch with friends abroad who were already on the network. The network is working overtime to harvest even more data from Facebookers which it can use to aim ads at them. Last September, it unveiled a new set of social apps that allow people to do things like watching films, listening to musi
32、c and reading news on Facebook rather than going elsewhere on the web to do so. Facebook could also make more money by creating an advertising network that takes advantage of the already extensive reach of its tentacles across the internet. Millions of websites are integrated with it through various
33、 software it has developed, including “social plug-ins“ that allow people to share their activities and interests elsewhere on the web with their Face-book friends. This has made it an important source of traffic to other websites and it could offer to help them sell ads, pocketing a percentage of t
34、he money raised. Some analysts think this could bring in as much revenue as ad sales on Facebooks own site. There is also a strong possibility that the company will attack the online-search business, which accounts for almost half of online ad revenue in America, according to the Interactive Adverti
35、sing Bureau, an industry body. After all, the social network already knows a lot about how peoples recommendations affect their friends choices. As more people use Facebook from mobile phones, the company will also be able to sell ads that appear on these devices. The difficult bit will be to find f
36、ormats that are not too intrusive on a small screen. Facebook could well end up using “sponsored stories“ , which allows, for instance, a music publisher to pay for a link to its website to be embedded in posts that mention its artists. But it will be harder to build an advertising business based on
37、 a social network than one based on search, like Googles. Googles ads are effective because they are presented when people are looking for something specific. Facebooks may be less effective, because people go to the site when they want to socialise, not search for stuff or buy things. Moreover, alt
38、hough some brands, such as Starbucks, have managed to draw huge, engaged audiences on Facebook, others have had a frustrating experience. The chances are that Mr. Zuckerberg will use at least some of the money the firm raises from its IPO to buy ad-measurement firms and social-media consulting outfi
39、ts to help its corporate customers get more out of the network. The transition from edgy start-up to established giant will not be easy. And there are other risks too. One is that people stop using Facebook, either because they lose interest or because they are put off by its behaviour. As News Corp
40、oration discovered to its cost after it splashed out $580 million on Myspace in 2005, network effects can also go quickly into reverse. Once large numbers of people started leaving the service, which became more cluttered than a teenagers bedroom, it proved hard to stem the tide. Last year, News Cor
41、p sold the business for just $35 million. Facebook has also had occasional brushes with privacy watchdogs. Last year Facebook incurred the wrath of Americas Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The commission had been inundated with complaints that the company was making public data about its users that
42、it had said would be kept private. As part of a settlement with the FTC, Facebook agreed to submit to an external audit of its privacy policies and practices every two years for the next 20 years. The bigger risk to Facebook is that growing concern over online privacy translates into a wave of legis
43、lation around the world that makes it far harder for the company to exploit the mountains of data it is collecting. That would throw a spanner into the works of its money-spinning advertising machine. So far there has been little sign of such a backlash, though governments are paying closer attentio
44、n to privacy. America is thinking of creating a general consumer-privacy law and the European Union is updating its rules. The social networks IPO will also set the stage for an epic battle among the titans of the tech industry. It has been clear for some time that Google is squarely in Facebooks si
45、ghts and that Facebook is in Googles. But as Facebook builds its social-app platform and takes it onto mobile devices, it will pose more of a competitive threat to Apple and Amazon too. Perhaps Facebook will be tempted to use some of the cash from its IPO to strike a partnership with a hardware comp
46、any to produce a “Facebook phone“ with a Facebook-created social operating system. Such a device would be entirely in keeping with Mr. Zuckerbergs belief that things should be “social by design“. Preserving this spirit will be vital if Facebook is to present its new investors with the graph that the
47、y will most want to see: one that shows a steadily rising share price. Thats all for todays lecture. See you tomorrow. 【知识模块】 讲座 21 【正确答案】 opportunities rewards 【试题解析】 要点题。演讲者一上来就开门见山提出自己的观点，脸谱网上市有利有弊，随后展开论述。 【知识模块】 讲座 22 【正确答案】 internet connectivity 【试题解析】 要点题。脸谱网的估值很高，这并不是空穴来风，他指出一是因为因特网普及，二是因为更多人
48、用手机上网。 【知识模块】 讲座 23 【正确答案】 created apps made apps 【试 题解析】 细节题。人们在脸谱网上可以做的事情越来越多，这得益于应用软件。注意这里要填写完成时。 【知识模块】 讲座 24 【正确答案】 an advertising network 【试题解析】 要点题。脸谱网赚钱的方式之一就是通过广告，创建一个广告网络。 【知识模块】 讲座 25 【正确答案】 online ad revenue 【试题解析】 细节题。搜索巨头谷歌也是通过广告赚钱的，脸谱网将对谷歌构成威胁，目前网上搜索业务占美国网上广告收入近一半。 【知识模块】 讲座 26 【正确答案】
49、 draw audiences attract audiences 【试题解析】 要点题。想要撼动谷歌的地位也并不简单，这里演讲者举了例子，很多脸谱网上的公共主页难以吸引人们的注意。 【知识模块】 讲座 27 【正确答案】 lose interest 【试题解析】 要点题。最后演讲者说到脸谱网可能遇到的麻烦，人们可能像对待Myspace那样会对其失去兴趣。 【知识模块】 讲座 28 【正确答案】 privacy 【试题解析】 要点题。这几段基本上都是讲脸谱网过去接受隐私方面的处罚，和人们的担忧，因此填 privacy。 【知识模块】 讲座 29 【正确答案】 exploit the data analyze the data 【试题解析】 细节题。脸谱网赚钱的很重要的原因是它了解用户群，而隐私问题引来的立法则会让其难以利用收集的信息。 【知识模块】 讲座 30 【正确答案】 social by design 【试题解析】 细节题。题干中 this spirit很明显指的是前面一句话： Such a device would be entirely in keeping
