1、专业英语八级（讲座听力）模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lect
2、ure. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Agriculture in Britain I. British agriculture and its supporting areas: account for around (1)_of GNP
3、. II. Small percentage of the UK workforce in agriculture: 1705 or so: a majority of workforce 1850 or so: 10% of workforce 1950 or so: 3% of workforce only 2000 or so: 2% of workforce contributes to 20% of GNP III. Two important (2)_to achieve efficiency: 1) the high level of training amongst the a
4、gricultural workforce. 2) the recognition by farmers of the value of investing in (3)_: The “agribusiness“ after WWII has brought visible changes. a) large-scale mechanized planting and harvesting, aided by pesticides and fertilizers; b) computer aided technologies to “map“ fields. IV. A small count
5、ry but rich variety in (4)_: 1) North region: a) (5)_land, thin soil and cool and wet climate. b) A small, family-run farm concern, producing mainly wool and timber. 2) (6)_region: a) Flatter land with fertile soils and a mixed climate. b) UKs great cereal-producing region and quality vegetable supp
6、ly. 3) West region: a) Warmer climate than in the north and (7)_than in the east. b) The rich soils provide excellent (8)_. c) The main products are milk, cheese and meat. V. A strong sense of (9)_among regions: 1) A united front is presented in dealing with other interest-groups, such as government
7、 or the media. 2) The (10)_is established between all the agricultural training colleges. 3) The national structure of the Farmers Union. 10 Car Safety I. The focal point of the project: Road Rage eg. A man hit the driver who had (1)_him earlier. first leading cause to the young children. person to
8、person chat, 135 drivers over two days. II. Findings of survey: 1) 93% experienced road rage, including (2)_had their cars damaged and 79% were being shouted at. 2) 15% been hit police only dealt physical violence III. (3)_adopted to ensure safety 1) mainly women should not stop to ask directions 2)
9、 men avoid looking directly at drivers 3) both men and women get key ready before (4)_the car 4) leave room for parking your car can have a quick (5)_ 5) lock doors all the time IV. Self-protection skills when rage happens 1) police interference: Maryland: hefty (6)_as the front line against road ra
10、ge California: an automated system to (7)_the license plates 2) effective approach: apology event: the drivers accidentally cut in front of the other car two possible outcomes: a. If the driver (8)_, the road rager would drop the matter. b. If the careless drivers looked (9)_, the road rager would t
11、each them a lesson. 3) how to make an apology in the car: a “ SORRY“ sign The potential (10)_smile when drivers raise a “SORRY“ sign to them after drivers have accidentally done something wrong. 20 American Values Today, we shall discuss some important American values. I. Individual freedom A. the o
12、ne value every American would agree upon B. also called individual freedom, individualism, or independence C. the (1)_of American values D. the government and judicial system guarantee individual rights E. (2)_of American businesses are small, and many are owned by an individual or a family II. (3)_
13、 A. Education is often regarded as the key to opportunity. B. Americans take a pragmatic approach to learning. C. Internships, extracurricular activities and the like are considered important. D. Lifelong learning is valued. E. Americans decide their major field of study and select some of their cou
14、rses. F. The belief “be all that you can be“ emanates from (4)_. III. Concept of family A. The nuclear family structure -alien to most cultures in the world -purpose: to bring about the happiness of (5)_ -children disagree, even argue with their parents, consider as a part of developing ones indepen
15、dence B. Host families -foreign students invited into Americans homes for dinner or to join in family activities -visitors are told to “make themselves at home“ or to be (6)_ IV. Privacy A. Privacy is important to Americans. B. Individual privacy may make it difficult to (7)_. V. Reasons for America
16、n values A. Individualism stems from American (8)_. B. Early settlers had to be self-sufficient and (9)_. C. The positive spirit enables Americans to take risks. D. American heroes: self-reliant, strong-willed and confident. VI. Suggested attitude toward values -Avoid (10)_ -Evaluate a culture by it
17、s own standards 专业英语八级（讲座听力）模拟试卷 4答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task afte
18、r the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 【听力原文】 Agriculture in Britain Good morning, everybody. Im Elizabeth Reed. I hope that
19、this first session, which Ive called An Introduction to British Agriculture, will provide a helpful background to the farm visits youll be doing next week. With more of us living in urban environments, far removed from the countryside, it is easy to loose touch with the origins of the rural environm
20、ents that surround our towns and cities. I think I should start by emphasizing that agriculture still accounts for a very important part of this countrys economy. You might have a doubt about it, as we are so used to hearing the UKs society and economy described as being “industrial“ or even “post-i
21、ndustrial“. (1) But we mustnt let this blind us to the fact that agriculture and its supporting industries still account for around 26% of our Gross National Product. This figure is especially impressive, I think, when you bear in mind how very small a percentage of the UK workforce is employed in a
22、griculture. This is not a recent development you would have to go back to 1750 or so to find a majority of the workforce in this country working in agriculture. By the middle of the next century, in 1850 that is, it had fallen sharply to 10%, and then to 3% by the middle of the twentieth century. An
23、d now just 2% of the workforce contribute 20% of GNP. How is this efficiency achieved? Well, my own view is that it owes a great deal to a history, over the last 50 or 60 years, of intelligent support by the state, mainly taking the form of helping farmers to plan ahead. (2) Then the two other facto
24、rs I should mention, both very important, are the high level of training amongst the agricultural workforce. (3) And secondly, the recognition by farmers of the value of investing in technology is also a remarkable factor. Since World War II farming has largely remained on a secure footing to become
25、 a true business “agribusiness“. It has brought visible changes to the British countryside; the most noticeable being the removal of hedges to enlarge fields so that large-scale mechanised planting and harvesting can take place, aided by pesticides and fertilizers. A field that would once has taken
26、days to prepare, or sow, or harvest by hand, can now be achieved in hours. Such is the sophistication at the top end of the agricultural industry that computer aided technologies can “map“ fields; allowing farmers to deliver extra fertiliser, nutrients or seed depending on the soil quality in differ
27、ent parts of the terrain, and thereby optimize output. Now, although the UK is a fairly small country, the geology and climate vary a good deal from region to region. For our purpose today we can divide the country broadly into three. The region you will get to know the best, of course, is the north
28、, where we are at present. (5) The land here is generally hilly, and the soil thin. The climate up here, and youve already had evidence of this, is generally cool and wet. As you will see next week, the typical farm here in the North is a small, family-run concern, producing mainly wool and timber f
29、or the market. In some areas such as Scotland and northern England an “infield-outfield“ system of land use occurred. Fields nearest to a village were permanently used for cropping while those beyond were grazed. Beyond the “outfields“ there would be waste land for common pasture, or moorland in the
30、 case of upland areas. These waste lands in both highland and lowland situations, were the only source of new lands and were frequently reclaimed to form new enclosed farm holdings. If we contrast that with the Eastern region, the east is flatter and more low-lying, with fertile soils and a mixed cl
31、imate. Average farm-size is much bigger in the east, and farms are likely to be managed strictly on commercial lines. As for crops, well, the east is the UKs great cereal-producing region. However, increasingly significant areas are now also given over to high quality vegetables for supply direct to
32、 the supermarkets. The third broad region is the west, where its a different story again. The climate is warmer than that in the north and (7) much wetter than that in the east. The resulting rich soils in the west (8) provide excellent pasture, and the farms there are quite large, typically around
33、800 hectares. The main products are milk, cheese and meat. So, clearly, there are marked differences between regions. (9) But this does not prevent quite a strong sense of solidarity amongst the farming community as a whole, right across the country. This solidarity comes in part from the need to pr
34、esent a united front in dealing with other powerful interest-groups, such as government or the media. (10) It also owes something to the close cooperation between all the agricultural training colleges, through which the great majority of farmers pass at the beginning of their careers. And a third f
35、actor making for solidarity is the national structure of the Farmers Union, of which virtually all farmers are members. Finally, Id like to sum up this talk. I first emphasized the importance of agriculture in British economy and the factors that stablise its firm status, then I moved on to detail i
36、ts current situations by dividing the country into three regions, in the end, I explained the common phenomenon between regions. All right, that is all for today. I wish you would enjoy your farm visits next week. 【知识模块】 讲座 1 【正确答案】 26% 【试题解析】 细节题。从讲座内容 “But we mustnt let this blind us to the fact t
37、hat agriculture and its supporting industries still account for around 26 of our Gross National Product ”可知。 【知识模块】 讲座 2 【正确答案】 factors 【试题解析】 归总题。讲座中提到英国农业的高效得益于从事农业劳动力的受训程度较高，同时还得益于农民对科技的重视和投入，讲座填空题空格下方正是列举了这两个因素，因此答案为 factors。 【知识模块】 讲座 3 【正确答案】 technology 【试题解析】 要点题。讲座中提到： secondly, the recognit
38、ion by farmers of the value of investing in technology is also a remarkable factor (第二点：农夫们认识到投资技术的价值也是相当可观的一个因素。 ) 【知识模块】 讲座 4 【正确答案】 geology and climate 【试题解析】 要点题。讲座中是这么点明这个要点的： Now, although the UK is a fairly small country, the geology and climate vary a good deal from region to region 【知识模块】 讲
39、座 5 【正确答案】 hilly 【试题解析】 细节题。讲座里谈到北部时提到 The land here is generally hilly, and the soil thin 【知识模块】 讲座 6 【正确答案】 East 【试题解析】 细节题。讲座里分别提到英国北部、东部和西部的地理环境与气候特征。 【知识模块】 讲座 7 【正确答案】 wetter 【 试题解析】 细节题，从讲座内容 “The climate is warmer than that in the north and much wetter than that in the east”可知。 【知识模块】 讲座 8 【
40、正确答案】 pasture 【试题解析】 细节题。讲座中提到： The resulting rich soils in the west provide excellent pasture 【知识模块】 讲座 9 【正确答案】 solidarity 【试题解析】 要点题。讲座中提到： But this does not prevent quite a strong sense of solidarity amongst the farming community as a whole， right across the country笔记记下即可答对。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【正确答案】
41、close cooperation 【试题解析】 细节题。讲座中提到： It also owes something to the close cooperation between all the agricultural training colleges，因此关键是各方合作，答案为 close cooperation。 【知识模块】 讲座 10 【听力原文】 Car Safety Well, good afternoon. In todays session I will be sharing some of the findings of my project from last te
42、rm. First of all, a little bit about the background of the project. Our title, as you can see, is pretty straightforward: “car safety“. But these days theres a lot more to it than the usual injunctions about drinking and driving or speeding. I had been interested and horrified by several newspaper r
43、eports on what people call “road rage“. (1) For example the famous incident of a man getting out of his car in a car park and hitting the driver of a van who had overtaken him earlier. It seemed to me that there were almost as many serious problems when cars were parked, i.e., cars were stationary,
44、as when they were travelling at 90 miles an hour. So I decided to make this the focus of the project. Previously, according to a regional survey conducted by Drs. Arnold P. Nerenberg and R. Jerry Adams, over half of drivers in the USA suffer from road rage. The average number of incidents per road r
45、ager is 27. That means that most of us will encounter road ragers many times in our lives. Road rage can lead to injuries or even death. The U.S. Highway Safety Office has testified to Congress that tens of thousands of accidents each year can be linked directly to aggressive driving, including road
46、 rage, and it is now a leading cause of death for young children. For our research we depended mainly on talking to individuals, asking them questions rather than using written questionnaires. We stopped people at a selected garage on the motorway over a two-day period, and asked them questions abou
47、t what theyd observed or experienced themselves. Our respondents were both men and women, but the women were just slightly in the majority. We were pleased by the publics willingness to stop and chat to us. in the end we talked to a total of 135 drivers over those two days. So what were our findings
48、? Well, as you can see, 93% of respondents had had some kind of problems. A surprisingly large percentage (2) 24% had had their cars damaged in some way, but the main type of incident was being shouted at 79% had experienced that. 15% had experienced violence on their own persons. Theyd actually bee
49、n hit by someone. The police tended only to be informed when there was physical violence involved. So what strategies had people developed to ensure their own safety? Lets have a look at the figures here. Well, first of all, it was quite striking that there were often distinct answers from the men and the women. It was mainly women,
