1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The computer can be programmed to _ a whole variety of tasks. （ A） assign （ B） tackle （ C） realize （ D） solve 2 The teams efforts to score were _ by the opposing goalkeeper. （ A） frustrated （ B） prevented （ C） discouraged （ D） accomplished 3 I only
2、 know the man by _ but I have never spoken to him. （ A） chance （ B） heart （ C） sight （ D） experience 4 Being colour-blind, Sally cant make a _ between red and green. （ A） difference （ B） distinction （ C） comparison （ D） division 5 You must insist that students give a truthful answer _ with the reali
3、ty of their world. （ A） relevant （ B） simultaneous （ C） consistent （ D） practical 6 In order to raise money, Aunt Nicola had to with some of her most treasured possessions. （ A） divide （ B） separate （ C） part （ D） abandon 7 The car was in good working _ when I bought it a few months ago. （ A） order
4、（ B） form （ C） state （ D） circumstance 8 The customer expressed her _ for that broad hat. （ A） disapproval （ B） distaste （ C） dissatisfaction （ D） dismay 9 In order to repair barns, build fences, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed be _ . （ A） restless （ B） skilled （ C） strong （ D）
5、 versatile 10 His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in _ to his income. （ A） comparison （ B） proportion （ C） association （ D） calculation 11 Although he has become rich, he is still very _ of his money. （ A） economic （ B） thrifty （ C） frugal （ D） careful 12 As the manager was away
6、on a business trip, I was asked to _ the weekly staff meeting. （ A） preside （ B） introduce （ C） chair （ D） dominate 13 The _ of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek. （ A） origin （ B） generation （ C） descent （ D） cause 14 The police have offered a large _ for information leading to
7、 the robbers arrest. （ A） award （ B） compensation （ C） prize （ D） reward 15 I arrived at the airport so late that I _ missed the plane. （ A） only （ B） quite （ C） narrowly （ D） seldom 16 The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers fears were completely _ . （ A） unjustified （ B） unjust （ C） mi
8、sguided （ D） unaccepted 17 The head of the Museum was _ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts. （ A） promising （ B） agreeing （ C） pleasing （ D） obliging 18 The multinational corporation was making a take-over _ for a property company. （ A） application （ B） bid （ C） proposal （ D） suggest
9、ion 19 The partys reduced vote was _ of lack of support for its policies. （ A） indicative （ B） positive （ C） revealing （ D） evident 20 There has been a _ lack of communication between the union and the management. （ A） regretful （ B） regrettable （ C） regretting （ D） regretted 二、 Cloze 20 Americas Fe
10、deral Reserve cut interest rates by another quarter-point, to 3.75 %. Wall Street, which had been【 21】 for a sixth half-point cut, was disappointed. The Dow fell by 2%【 22】 the week. The past weeks economic statistics gave mixed signals. Exports dropped by 2% in both March and April, largely【 23】 a
11、decline in high-tech investment【 24】 ;the merchandise-trade【 25】 widened to $ 458 billion in the 12 months【 26】 April.【 27】 ,the Conference Boards index of consumer confidence was higher than【 28】 in June. Concerns【 29】 inflation in the Euro area【 30】 . Preliminary data【 31】 that German consumer pri
12、ce inflation fell to 3. 1% in the year to June, from 3.5 % in May; wage growth【 32】 to 1.4% in April, a real pay cut of 1.5%. Some economists fear that Germany is on the【 33】 of recession. The IFO index of business confidence dropped more【 34】 than expected in May, and the institute has cut its fore
13、cast of GDP【 35】this year to only 1.2% ,well below the German governments forecast of 2%. （ A） expecting （ B） hoping （ C） wishing （ D） dreaming （ A） in （ B） above （ C） during （ D） about （ A） because of （ B） since （ C） because （ D） thanks to （ A） at home （ B） home （ C） from abroad （ D） abroad （ A） de
14、ficit （ B） shortage （ C） scarcity （ D） shortfall （ A） to （ B） until （ C） up （ D） onto （ A） Although （ B） Therefore （ C） However （ D） Hence （ A） projected （ B） planned （ C） predicted （ D） expected （ A） on （ B） for （ C） of （ D） over （ A） stopped （ B） eased （ C） relieved （ D） improved （ A） showed （ B）
15、demonstrated （ C） illustrated （ D） explained （ A） reduced （ B） cut （ C） slow （ D） lessened （ A） edge （ B） rim （ C） lip （ D） brink （ A） harshly （ B） huskily （ C） strictly （ D） severely （ A） growth （ B） rise （ C） increase （ D） escalation 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Dogs are social animals and without
16、proper training, they will be have like wild animals. They will spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing.
17、The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. one of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (驯服 ) it. Obedience training doesnt solve all beh
18、avior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. Wh
19、en your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,“ it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack (群 ) by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的 ) role by teaching it to show submission to
20、you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a grea- t
21、er amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 36 Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _ . （ A） be just part of their nature （ B） worsen in modem society （ C） occur when they go wild （ D） present a threat to the community 37 The primary purpose of obedience training is to _ . （ A） teach the dog
22、 to perform clever tricks （ B） make the dog aware to its owners authority （ C） provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior （ D） enable the dog to regain its normal behavior 38 Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _ . （ A） essential to solving the dogs behavior problems （ B）
23、the foundation for dogs to perform tasks （ C） a good way to teach the dog new tricks （ D） an extreme measure in obedience training 39 Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? （ A） To avoid being punished. （ B） To show their affection for their masters. （ C） To win leadership of the
24、dog pack. （ D） To show their willingness to obey. 40 When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _ . （ A） can give the dog more rewards （ B） will enjoy a better family life （ C） can give the dog more freedom （ D） will have more confidence in himself 41 The best title for this art
25、icle is _ . （ A） Proper Training makes a Dog （ B） Importance of Training to Dog （ C） How to train a Dog （ D） Why is Dog so Obedient 41 Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high scho
26、ol ! wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But thats not what I did. I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts(文
27、科 ) university that doesnt even offer a major in e lectrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand
28、 my vision by interacting with people who werent studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage ove
29、r those students who went to big engineering “factories“ where they didnt care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist(人文学者 )all in one. Now Im not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all
30、 noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile (协调 ) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college. The reality that has blocked
31、 my path to becoming the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply dont mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficu
32、lt 42 The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he _ . （ A） wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality （ B） intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist （ C） wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college （ D） intend
33、ed to be a sensible student with noble ideals 43 According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can _ . （ A） balance engineering and the liberal arts （ B） receive guidance in their careers （ C） become noble idealists （ D） broaden their horizons 44 In
34、 the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected _ . （ A） to have an excellent academic record （ B） to be wise and mature （ C） to be imaginative with a value system to guide him （ D） to be a technical genius with a wide vision 45 The authors experience shows that he was _ . （ A）
35、 creative （ B） ambitious （ C） unrealistic （ D） irrational 46 The word “they“ in “together they threaten to confuse.“ (Line 3, Para.5) refers to （ A） engineering and the liberal arts （ B） reality and noble ideals （ C） flexibility and a value system （ D） practicality and rationality 47 In the first se
36、ntence of last passage, the word “block“ can be best replaced with _ . （ A） Prevent （ B） Back （ C） Mislead （ D） Avoid 47 Priscilla Ouchidas “energy-efficient“ house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $ 100, 000, three-bedroom ho
37、me in California Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned(双层玻璃的 ) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscillas eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches an
38、d could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness. Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde(甲醛 ) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabi
39、nets and wail-to-wall carpeting. The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nations drive to save energy. The problem itself isnt new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,“ says Moschandreas
40、, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases.“ The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didnt worry much a
41、bout unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels. 48 It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas house _ . （ A） is well w
42、orth the money spent on its construction （ B） is almost faultless from the point of energy conservation （ C） failed to meet energy conservation standards （ D） was designed and constructed in a scientific way 49 What made the Ouchidas new house a horrible dream? （ A） Lack of fresh air. （ B） Poor qual
43、ity of building materials. （ C） Gas leakage in the kitchen. （ D） The newly painted wails 50 The word “accentuate“ (Line 4, Para.3) most probably means “ _ “. （ A） relieve （ B） accelerate （ C） worsen （ D） improve 51 Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern? （ A） Because indoor cleanness was no
44、t emphasized. （ B） Because energy used to be inexpensive. （ C） Because environmental protection was given top priority. （ D） Because they were technically unavoidable. 52 This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled “ _ “. （ A） Energy Conservation （ B） House Building Crisis （ C） Air
45、Pollution Indoors （ D） Traps in Building Construction 53 According to the article, which following statement is not tree ? （ A） Tightly sealed house may be harmful in another aspect （ B） The house is unsealed to prevent the air from leaking （ C） The air always leaks from cracks （ D） New house is wor
46、se than old one in the aspect of indoor pollution 53 In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料 ) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass
47、 as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills (垃圾填埋场 ). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is
48、recycled(回收利用 )in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating va
49、luable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life-and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials. Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish a
