1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 30及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 This is only a_agreement: nothing serious concluded yet by far. （ A） tentative （ B） local （ C） decisive （ D） kidding 2 Some workers in the nuclear power station were exposed to high levels of_. （ A） radiation （ B） cancer （ C） microwaves （ D） high
2、temperature 3 A_refers to an animal that is born from its mothers body, not form an egg, and drinks its mothers milk as a baby. （ A） mammoth （ B） penguin （ C） mosquito （ D） mammal 4 I have to say this, but this coat youve just bought is made of_fur; its not real mink. （ A） coarse （ B） genuine （ C） s
3、lippery （ D） conscientiously 5 Its amazing that two researchers working independently made the same discovery_. （ A） spontaneously （ B） simultaneously （ C） collaboratively （ D） conscientiously 6 The government cant expect the taxpayer to_this company out indefinitely. （ A） support （ B） bail （ C） red
4、eem （ D） remove 7 These melodious folk songs are generally_to Smith, a very important musician of the century. （ A） devoted （ B） contributed （ C） composed （ D） ascribed 8 _any one should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true. （ A） In order that （ B） Lest （ C） If （ D） Providing 9
5、_my wifes consistent encouragement I wouldnt have accomplished my graduate study. （ A） But for （ B） But with （ C） Except for （ D） Except that 10 When cooperating with the American specialists in the States, I _ myself of the opportunity to improve my English. （ A） availed （ B） allowed （ C） deprived
6、（ D） indulged 11 I was_in my reading, and didnt at first hear the doorbell ring. （ A） immured （ B） immersed （ C） busy （ D） infatuated 12 Ten minutes later, the police came and_the crowd. （ A） dismayed （ B） dispersed （ C） dismounted （ D） distressed 13 There are_differences between theory and practice
7、. （ A） legible （ B） laden （ C） radical （ D） medieval 14 Will you_my article to find out whether Ive made any mistakes? （ A） look after （ B） look through （ C） look up （ D） look into 15 When he lived in that remote place, radio was the only means he had to keep_of current events in the country. （ A） a
8、ccount （ B） trace （ C） record （ D） track 16 The flashing red light served as a_ of danger ahead. （ A） predictor （ B） caution （ C） precaution （ D） prevention 17 According to the weather forecast, which is usually_, it will snow this afternoon. （ A） accurate （ B） dull （ C） awkward （ D） tedious 18 If h
9、is father could not keep up the payments on the mortgage, his uncle might_it for him. （ A） redeem （ B） amend （ C） resemble （ D） appeal 19 They made detailed investigations to_themselves with the needs of the rural market. （ A） adhere （ B） acknowledge （ C） acquaint （ D） activate 20 Radar is used to e
10、xtend the_of mans senses for observing his environment, especially the sense of vision. （ A） validity （ B） liability （ C） capacity （ D） intensity 二、 Cloze 20 Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that need【 C1】 _A feeli
11、ng of distress is good when it keeps us from【 C2】 _our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n) 【 C3】 _: If a fire broke out in someones home【 C4】 _faulty wiring, he would not be content with【 C5】 _putting out the fire. 【 C6】 _, he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about
12、 something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a【 C7】 _. Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with【 C8】_self-esteem may react to feelings of guil
13、t, one of two ways: 【 C9】 _that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as a【 C10】_that he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has a【 C11】 _with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel
14、 that he was the【 C12】 _of Mr. Ys misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is【 C13】 _of pathological guilt. When people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decisio
15、n may【 C14】 _unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right【 C15】 _having made the decisio
16、n. There is no reason for guilt. 21 【 C1】 （ A） connection （ B） correction （ C） recovery （ D） repetition 22 【 C2】 （ A） underestimating （ B） displaying （ C） violating （ D） deteriorating 23 【 C3】 （ A） hypothesis （ B） definition （ C） experiment （ D） analogy 24 【 C4】 （ A） due to （ B） but for （ C） with （
17、D） under 25 【 C5】 （ A） devotedly （ B） primarily （ C） timely （ D） merely 26 【 C6】 （ A） Therefore （ B） Rather （ C） Anyway （ D） Consequently 27 【 C7】 （ A） distress （ B） renewal （ C） conflict （ D） recurrence 28 【 C8】 （ A） low （ B） exalted （ C） sincere （ D） much 29 【 C9】 （ A） Imply （ B） Admit （ C） Deny （
18、 D） Argue 30 【 C10】 （ A） prescription （ B） communication （ C） confirmation （ D） perception 31 【 C11】 （ A） contact （ B） disagreement （ C） relationship （ D） concern 32 【 C12】 （ A） cause （ B） origin （ C） cure （ D） witness 33 【 C13】 （ A） record （ B） proof （ C） evidence （ D） description 34 【 C14】 （ A） at
19、tach to （ B） turn to （ C） lead to （ D） take to 35 【 C15】 （ A） at （ B） in （ C） as （ D） for 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 As individuals, we are inherently more limited than a community. Although we can consult books and friends and critics, in the end we are limited to our own single perspectives. We a
20、re only one person-looking at the world from one place one history one pattern of knowing. A community, on the other hand can see things through many eyes, many histories and many ways of knowing. The question is whether it dismisses or creatively makes use of and integrates that diversity. Communit
21、ies are wise to the extent they use diversity well. The wisest know that every viewpoint represents a part of the truth and that it is through the cooperative creative interplay of the viewpoints that the wisest, most comprehensive and powerful truths emerge. So they engage in that interplay, that d
22、ialogue a creative controversy or consensus process that winds its way to wise public judgment. The best government is that government which enables communities to do this to nurture and utilize their wisdom and resources especially their diversity in such a way that they require less and less gover
23、nment. A community that can manage itself in a wise and sustainable manner is one that has mastered democracy. They know they cant depend on leaders to do things for them. They know that democratic citizens and leaders work best in partnership with each other, co-creating each others power. They kno
24、w that leaders work must be seen as living extensions of their own will and wisdom, which must be kept active. They know that passive “followership“ abandons leaders, deprives them of the wisdom and creativity of the community, and opens them up to the corruptions of alienated power. A democratic co
25、mmunity grows beyond dependence and paternalism. In a sense, the more democratic a society is, the more it has “come of age“. Movements for democracy might even be seen as the maturation process of a culture. A mature society knows how to handle itself in dynamic context with others, drawing on its
26、inner resources(its diverse members)and relating responsively and creatively with its environment. 36 The writer believes that individuals_. （ A） are inevitably more narrow-minded and less resourceful （ B） are able to develop lasting friendship within a limited circle （ C） can focus on one history o
27、r one aspect of knowledge （ D） must decide whether or not to take advantage of the diversity 37 The writer compares individuals and communities in order to_. （ A） argue that communities are wiser than individuals （ B） criticize communitys lack of friendliness and perspective （ C） prove that each has
28、 its own merits and advantages （ D） show how community wisdom comes from individuals 38 According to the passage, the best truth comes when_. （ A） all different communities are equally smart （ B） the wisest men are chosen to stand for the whole community （ C） people of various opinions work together
29、 in a productive way （ D） people hold debates and put on plays to find out the wise judgment 39 It can be concluded that the best government is one_. （ A） that guides communities to make wise judgment （ B） that encourages communities to work for the government （ C） that makes use of communitys wisdo
30、m and diversity to perform its function （ D） that leaves governing to the wisdom of communities and governs least 40 According to the passage, in a democratic society_. （ A） collective wisdom is employed in the management of the community （ B） government is regarded as useless and unnecessary （ C） l
31、eaders must be powerful and wise enough to guide people （ D） people are allowed to do whatever they want to do 41 In the last paragraph, the phrase “come of age“ is closest in meaning to_. （ A） arrival of a new time （ B） reaching maturation （ C） being advanced （ D） catching up with the trend 41 Comp
32、uter programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machines “intelligence“ on the details of its own perceptions its inability to be
33、guided by any large context. In a psychological description of the computer intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind: single-minded, literal-minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mindedness, literal-mindedness, and simple-minded
34、ness also characterizes theoretical mathematics, though to a lesser extent. Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus, for instan
35、ce, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that thi
36、s corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense
37、inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach. Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the
38、 crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally. Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined, and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians literal-mindedness may have
39、unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists theoretical assumptions that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. The q
40、uestion, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context what happens if the axioms are relaxed is thereby ignored. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assump
41、tions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. 42 The author discusses computing machines in the first paragraph primarily in order to do which of the following? （ A）
42、 Indicate the dangers inherent in relying to a great extent on machines. （ B） Illustrate his views about the approach of mathematicians to problem solving. （ C） Compare the work of mathematicians with that of computer programmers. （ D） Provide one definition of intelligence. 43 It can be inferred fr
43、om the text that scientists make which of the following assumptions about scientific arguments? （ A） The literal truth of the arguments can be made clear only in a mathematical context. （ B） The arguments necessarily ignore the central question of scientific investigation. （ C） The arguments probabl
44、y will be convincing only to other scientists. （ D） The premises on which the arguments are based may change. 44 According to the text, mathematicians present a risk to scientists for which of the following reasons? （ A） Mathematicians may provide theories that are incompatible with those already de
45、veloped by scientists. （ B） Mathematicians may define situations in a way that is incomprehensible to scientists. （ C） Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assumptions are facts. （ D） Scientists may come to believe that axiomatic statements are untrue. 45 The author suggests that
46、the approach of physicists to solving scientific problem is which of the following? （ A） Practical for scientific purposes. （ B） Detrimental to scientific progress. （ C） Unimportant in most situations. （ D） Expedient, but of little long-term value. 46 The author implies that scientists develop a hea
47、lthy skepticism because they are aware that （ A） mathematicians are better able to solve problems than tists are scien （ B） changes in axiomatic propositions will inevitably undermine scientific arguments （ C） well-defined situations are necessary for the design of reliable experiments （ D） some fac
48、tors in most situations must remain unknown 46 As the global village continues to shrink and cultures collide, it is essential for all of us to become more sensitive, more aware of, and more observant to the body language(motions/gestures)that surround us each day. And as many of us cross over cultu
49、ral borders, it would be fitting for us to respect, learn, and understand more about the effective and powerful “silent language“ of gestures. Without gestures, our world would be static and colorless. The social anthropologists, Edward T. Hall claims 60 percent of all our communication is nonverbal. In that case, how can we possibly communicate with on
