1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 31及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 In swimming it is necessary to_the movement of the arms and legs. （ A） coordinate （ B） harmonize （ C） collaborate （ D） mediate 2 Beijings private cars will be banned from the roads_for one day a week during a six-month trial period. （ A） incidenta
2、lly （ B） occasionally （ C） randomly （ D） alternately 3 Joe puts too much_on pills from the drugstore and does not listen to his doctor. （ A） appliance （ B） defiance （ C） reliance （ D） compliance 4 Among 169 cases, the smokers_85. 79% , and the ratio between males and females is 3. 7 to 1. （ A） answe
3、r for （ B） account for （ C） take up （ D） sum up 5 _inflation, driven by rising food and oil costs, is striking hardest at the worlds very poor, who are forced to spend 60 to 80 percent of their income on food. （ A） Surging （ B） Sprouting （ C） Spilling （ D） Spinning 6 Because the workers were new and
4、 inexperienced, the manager had to watch them and_ their work closely. （ A） attend （ B） demand （ C） analyze （ D） supervise 7 The department store guards were nearly_by the crowds of shoppers waiting for the sale to begin. （ A） overflowed （ B） overthrown （ C） overturned （ D） overwhelmed 8 All bad thi
5、ngs are interconnected, and any one of them is_to be the cause of any other. （ A） subject （ B） inferior （ C） liable （ D） vulnerable 9 Teachers have the authority to discipline pupils_their position as a teacher. （ A） by way of （ B） by virtue of （ C） in light of （ D） in spite of 10 You can then elimi
6、nate all_the genuinely suitable applicants without having to interview an enormous number of people in person. （ A） of （ B） that （ C） for （ D） but 11 Debt and the destruction of war have brought major economic setbacks,_damage to social services and human suffering. （ A） apart from （ B） as good as （
7、 C） except for （ D） rather than 12 On the whole its a good book; and it would be unwise to_those small defects. （ A） dwell on （ B） identify with （ C） persist in （ D） hack into 13 The main objective reason is that some developed countries_from the basic principle of anti-dumping and take the Anti-dum
8、ping Law as a tool for trade protection. （ A） derive （ B） deviate （ C） refrain （ D） exempt 14 While big corporations_global business news, small companies are charging into overseas markets at a faster pace. （ A） overtake （ B） occupy （ C） dominate （ D） reflect 15 He used to_ his parents to help with
9、 the expenses. （ A） count on （ B） take in （ C） look into （ D） get over 16 I was embarrassed when the_test paper my teacher spoke about turned out to be mine. I had forgotten to put my name on it. （ A） marked （ B） branded （ C） anonymous （ D） fictitious 17 We_our voice depending on the circumstances,
10、particularly in relationship to background noise. （ A） improve （ B） modulate （ C） rectify （ D） temper 18 Im far from certain that this group is going to be able to_ what is necessary to gain complete control. （ A） carry out （ B） tear down （ C） break out （ D） close down 19 I was lucky because I had t
11、urned my back on_, pursuing instead common-sense reality. （ A） illustration （ B） illusion （ C） imagination （ D） imitation 20 Excessive _ in sweets and canned drinks and the lack of availability of fresh fruit and vegetables in the house can teach poor eating patterns. （ A） aspiration （ B） intoleranc
12、e （ C） exposure （ D） indulgence 二、 Cloze 20 Adolescents are taking longer to become fully productive members of society, Reed Larson, professor of human development, University of Illinois, Champaign, told the World Future Society, Bethesda, Md. “What we expect of young people is【 C1】_,“ he argued.
13、They must go to school for 12 years or longer without any【 C2】_that their education will mean career success or relevance when they become adults. 【 C3】 _they do so without financial rewards, accept an identity【 C4】_by society, and delay starting a family, all of【 C5】 _keeps adolescents in a kind of
14、 indeterminate state for years. Larson says that “There should be way stations along the climb【 C6】_adulthood that allow young people to rest, gather themselves, and consider【 C7】 _. “ The success of government, business, and private life in the next 50 years【 C8】 _it. Education, literacy, and versa
15、tile interpersonal skills【 C9】 _the list of necessary preparations for adulthood. Young people negotiating the complex worlds of home, work, and school【 C10】 _use these skills in order to do so【 C11】_and competently. “The adolescent who is able to【 C12】 _in only one world is increasingly【 C13】 _for
16、adult life,“ he warns. As the time spent on the road to adulthood increases, so【 C14】 _the danger that more youths will fall by the wayside. New and increased opportunities and initiatives will keep more youngsters focused, 【 C15】 _a smarter, more-versatile generation able to cope with the emerging
17、global, high-tech world. 21 【 C1】 （ A） aggressive （ B） original （ C） rigid （ D） extraordinary 22 【 C2】 （ A） qualification （ B） guarantee （ C） probability （ D） recognition 23 【 C3】 （ A） However （ B） Subsequently （ C） Furthermore （ D） Therefore 24 【 C4】 （ A） denied （ B） defined （ C） questioned （ D） ne
18、glected 25 【 C5】 （ A） these （ B） that （ C） what （ D） which 26 【 C6】 （ A） into （ B） to （ C） on （ D） for 27 【 C7】 （ A） temptations （ B） occasions （ C） alternatives （ D） inclinations 28 【 C8】 （ A） depends on （ B） results in （ C） longs for （ D） copes with 29 【 C9】 （ A） top （ B） cover （ C） hold （ D） rate
19、 30 【 C10】 （ A） could （ B） must （ C） ought （ D） shall 31 【 C11】 （ A） temporarily （ B） smoothly （ C） instantly （ D） periodically 32 【 C12】 （ A） operate （ B） engage （ C） tackle （ D） function 33 【 C13】 （ A） ill-prepared （ B） ill-mannered （ C） ill-informed （ D） ill-advised 34 【 C14】 （ A） did （ B） does （
20、 C） is （ D） was 35 【 C15】 （ A） created （ B） create （ C） creating （ D） to create 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Everyone has been trying to understand Michael Jacksons death this summer. While medics are still picking at his slender corpse, cultural authorities argue like vultures over his reputation. S
21、hould he be remembered as a great singer, a man possibly sexually attracted to children, an emblematic black artist who tried to bleach his face white, the Fred Astaire(a major founder of stage dance)of the 1980s, the first to master the MTV pop video, or a troubled victim of a domineering father? H
22、is difficult journey from unhappy childhood, to weird quasi-adulthood has been told and re-told frequently and annoyingly across the world. Yet Jacksons current crisis is an extreme version of a process that will happen to us all. For, as Jean Paul Sartre(French existentialist philosopher)put it, at
23、 death we become prey to the “Other“ our identity dissipating into the sum total of what is thought about us. While we are alive, Sartre explained, we can resist this pressure; we can defy the options that other people try to project onto us. We cant erase our pasts, but we can always overturn futur
24、e expectations. Its a struggle Sartre saw as central to our existence as moral beings: we must do more than act out the roles others have scripted for us. This is the existential condition of humanitywe are the artists of our own lives, although with the anguish that comes from being condemned to be
25、 free. Given the weight of expectations heaped on his shoulders, its something Michael Jackson felt more crushingly than most: a burden reflected in his lifelong modifications of his own appearance. The human body, Ludwig Wittgenstein(an Austrian-British philosopher)once declared, is the best pictur
26、e we have of the human soul. And Jacksons body in his last days legibly expressed something very revealing. Death, of course, takes everything away. The back catalogue of Jacksons songs is now the complete catalogue. Yet, according to Sartre, death is not the final chord of a 4 melody that suddenly
27、resolves and makes sense of what went before. Instead, it merely begins an endless new argument over meanings from which the corethe real personis perpetually absent. Michael Jackson is no longer with us. Instead, “Michael Jackson“ is becoming the sum of what others hope to make of him. 36 Paragraph
28、 1 mainly tells that people have been trying to_. （ A） define Jackson as a person （ B） speculate on Jacksons death （ C） stain Jacksons reputation （ D） question Jackson as a celebrity 37 According to Sartre, everybody at his death will surely_. （ A） draw attention far and wide （ B） suffer immense def
29、amation （ C） be the center of peoples talk （ D） be put under others judgment 38 Sartre held that, as a moral being, one should NOT_. （ A） do simply as others expect （ B） conceal ones shameful past （ C） always defy others opinions （ D） retreat from various pressures 39 As claimed by Wittgenstein, Jac
30、ksons dead body revealed that he_. （ A） had worked too hard in pleasing his fans （ B） had fallen victim to public opinion （ C） had been an extremely sentimental guy （ D） had experienced both joys and sorrows 40 In the last paragraph, the “back catalogue“ refers to Jacksons_. （ A） albums released at
31、his death （ B） MTV videos of his dancing （ C） music he had recorded before （ D） songs sung in his childhood 41 It can be concluded that today what we hear about Michael Jackson may NOT be_. （ A） invented stories （ B） variable stories （ C） biased stories （ D） factual stories 41 Most graduate programs
32、 in American universities produce a product for which there is no market(candidates for teaching positions that do not exist)and develop skills for which there is diminishing demand(research in subfields within subfields and publication in journals read by no one other than a few like-minded colleag
33、ues), all at a rapidly rising cost. Widespread hiring freezes and layoffs have brought these problems into sharp relief now. But our graduate system has been in crisis for decades, and the seeds of this crisis go as far back as the formation of modern universities. Kant, in his 1798 work “The Confli
34、ct of the Faculties,“ wrote that universities should “handle the entire content of learning by mass production, so to speak, by a division of labor, so that for every branch of the sciences there would be a public teacher or professor appointed as its trustee. “ Unfortunately this mass-production un
35、iversity model has led to separation where there ought to be collaboration and to ever-increasing specialization. In my own department, for example, we have 10 faculty members, working in eight subfields, with little overlap. And as departments fragment, research and publication become more and more
36、 about less and less . The emphasis on narrow scholarship also encourages an educational system that has become a process of cloning. Faculty members cultivate those students whose futures they envision as identical to their own pasts, even though their tenures will stand in the way of these student
37、s having futures as full professors. The dirty secret of higher education is that without underpaid graduate students to help in laboratories and with teaching, universities couldnt conduct research or even instruct their growing undergraduate populations. Thats one of the main reasons we still enco
38、urage people to enroll in doctoral programs. It is simply cheaper to provide graduate students with modest stipends and teaching assistants with as little as $ 5, 000 a coursewith no benefitsthan it is to hire full-time professors. The other obstacle to change is that colleges and universities are s
39、elf-regulating or, in academic terms, governed by peer review. While trustees and administrations theoretically have some oversight responsibility, in practice, departments operate independently. To complicate matters further, once a faculty member has been granted tenure he is functionally autonomo
40、us. Many academics who cry out for the regulation of financial markets vehemently oppose it in their own departments. 42 According to Paragraph 1, it seems to be NOT worthwhile to attend an American graduate program at a high cost if one wants to_. （ A） pursue a teaching career （ B） do business in t
41、he future （ C） become a prolific writer （ D） engage in administrative work 43 Kant is quoted because_. （ A） he pointed put why crises would arise in modern universities （ B） he proposed some idea of what a modern university should do （ C） he used to help relieve the problems universities had suffere
42、d （ D） he found how to cope with conflicts among the faculties 44 The boldfaced phrase “less and less“(in Paragraph 3)refers to_. （ A） diminishing governmental support （ B） publications in decreasing number （ C） theories with growing intelligibility （ D） increasingly specialized knowledge 45 Accordi
43、ng to the author, in todays educational system, its difficult to_. （ A） attend courses of ones own choice （ B） get a scholarship in a desired specialty （ C） produce students with new horizons （ D） ask teachers to stay long in their jobs 46 Enrollments in doctoral programs are promoted by the univers
44、ities mainly because they need_. （ A） the cheap labor of the students （ B） to show high academic standard （ C） to attract enough full-time professors （ D） the talented hands to help with research 47 The author thinks its bad for faculty members to be_. （ A） free from the supervision of the trustees
45、（ B） involved in any profit-making activities （ C） subject to peer view on all academic matters （ D） restricted to the work in their own departments 47 Next week, the European Parliament will debate stringent regulation of a number of effective pesticides. If this regulation is passed, the consequen
46、ces will be devastating. In the 1960s, widespread use of the potent and safe insecticide DDT led to eradication of many insect-borne diseases in Europe and North America. But based on no scientific evidence of human health effects, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency banned DDT, and its Europe
47、an counterparts followed suit. Subsequently, more than 1 million people died each year from malariabut not in America or Europe. Rather, most of the victims were children and women in Africa and Asia. Today, even while acknowledging that indoor spraying of small amounts of DDT would help prevent man
48、y deaths and millions of illnesses, nongovernmental organizations continuewith great successto pressure African governments not to allow its use. In order to stave off such pressure, African public health officials cave, and their children die needlessly. Yet, rather than learning the tragic lesson
49、of the DDT ban, the European Union wants to extend this unscientific ban to other effective insecticides, including pyrethroids and organophosphatesfurther undercutting anti-malarial efforts. The currently debated regulation would engender a paradigm shift in the regulation of chemicals, from a risk-based approachbased
