1、厦门大学考博英语模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Many economists believed that_consumers would cut spending once the value of their homes began to fall. （ A） overstretched （ B） oversaturated （ C） overproduced （ D） overpopulated 2 Any Democratic president will try to_the United States from the mes
2、s in Iraq, yet all would face rigid constraints. （ A） knockout （ B） distinguish （ C） overture （ D） extricate 3 Perhaps most important, the report could_more light, though it does give some, on how child welfare is changing over time. （ A） glance （ B） reckon （ C） cast （ D） resort 4 He was_in the stre
3、ets of the Mexican capital by more than a million people, most of them sincerely inspired. （ A） acclaimed （ B） attested （ C） ratified （ D） considered 5 The British historian Niall Ferguson speculated that the end of American_might not fuel an orderly shift to a multipolar system. （ A） domain （ B） he
4、gemony （ C） sovereignty （ D） preference 6 I personally am offended by what they have tried to do in a very misleading way with, what Ive said about two of my personal_, President Kennedy and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. （ A） resemblance （ B） statues （ C） icons （ D） parable 7 Since its inception, Pakis
5、tan has strived desperately to_India, cultivating ties with any state willing to help it. （ A） counteract （ B） counterfeited （ C） counterchange （ D） counterbalance 8 Rental housing, which is an important component of price indices, looks likely to moderate in the next year, in part because of an_of
6、new homes. （ A） override （ B） oversupply （ C） oversight （ D） overture 9 Our network security solutions are being used by dozens of merchants at hundreds of locations across the country that support PCI_requirements. （ A） compliance （ B） controversy （ C） quiescence （ D） asseverating 10 The ALSPAC rep
7、ort is the third in recent years to find few or no_effects from consuming most types of seafood during pregnancy. （ A） adverse （ B） aggregate （ C） antagonistic （ D） animate 11 Hutu extremists in government organized the killing and used state radio stations to urge ordinary people to crush the cockr
8、oaches-a Hutu_for Tutsis. （ A） cursor （ B） irregularity （ C） slur （ D） amende 12 The senator of New York courted black voters, considered crucial to_the Democratic presidential nomination, in a series of campaign stops. （ A） confining （ B） securing （ C） tampering （ D） pervading 13 In the wake of the
9、 70-vehicle pileup, a slew of lawsuits are expected to be_against drivers, trucking companies and several state agencies alleging negligence and wrongful death. （ A） subjected （ B） filed （ C） committed （ D） surrendered 14 Divorced from his wife just three months ago, he has made quite a_of himself b
10、y gallivanting about with his new girlfriend, a former supermodel. （ A） improvidence （ B） revelation （ C） extravagance （ D） spectacle 15 Salas is one of 13,000 King County employees who will be asked to confidentially_whether theyre overweight, smoke or engage in other health-related vices. （ A） dem
11、ent （ B） divulge （ C） retaliate （ D） disservice 16 Happiness used to have a much broader meaning-tied to the idea of a_and meaningful life-but now its almost indistinguishable from pleasure. （ A） virtuous （ B） depraved （ C） vicious （ D） malicious 17 When the novelist Jodi Picoult was approached to w
12、rite a few installments of the “Wonder Woman“ comics series, her first_was to take the character out of her trademark. （ A） conspiracy （ B） subversion （ C） impulse （ D） dissipation 18 He fears this months increased violence may harm Kenyas vital tourist industry, much of which centers on_to see its
13、exotic animals. （ A） sahib （ B） shamble （ C） severity （ D） safaris 19 Vaccines are normally conceived to fight infectious disease, but a new_will bring cheer to those who have resolved to kick certain habits in the new year. （ A） shot （ B） bound （ C） finitude （ D） gunnery 20 Although the government
14、still enjoys a high level of public support, the crime problem has stirred political _and suspicions. （ A） substance （ B） antagonisms （ C） dimension （ D） possession 21 The president striking an_tone on Israeli Palestinian relations after a week of ideal meeting with leaders from both sides of the co
15、nflict. （ A） outlandish （ B） optimistic （ C） jurisdictional （ D） sacramental 22 Now they think that their views about the president and his policies on Iraq, global warming or unilateralism have all been_, so why keep ranting? （ A） treacherous （ B） fraudulent （ C） avenged （ D） vindicated 23 Mark Moo
16、re, director of the Northwest Weather, warned skiers of the deadly avalanches that have_the mountains of Washington state, killing nine people. （ A） pummeled （ B） elaborated （ C） executed （ D） alleged 24 Antiwar champion Rep. John Murtha wants to attach conditions on the impending supplemental_ bill
17、 to fund the war. （ A） approbations （ B） approximations （ C） apprehensions （ D） appropriations 25 Theres one girl at my school who everybody_because she doesnt wear what everybody else wears; they are horrible to her. （ A） picks out （ B） picks over （ C） picks on （ D） picks off 26 Before starting my
18、own business, I had to_my bosss peculiar working plan. （ A） play the devil with （ B） play along with （ C） play checkmate with （ D） play the bear with 27 Players will be_against four others worldwide in a timed competition to answer trivia questions from the 1950s to present day. （ A） trifled （ B） wr
19、eathed （ C） instigated （ D） pitted 28 Exactly how many people experience stress-related eating isnt known, but as the obesity_ worsens, theres growing scientific interest in the topic. （ A） peregrination （ B） origination （ C） epidemic （ D） fragrance 29 Unilever, one of the worlds largest consumer pr
20、oducts companies, aims to add_to life by meeting everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene and personal care. （ A） agent （ B） remain （ C） vitality （ D） leaven 30 The patients_symptoms to get appointments quicker and ask doctors to hide the truth from insurance companies. （ A） feign （ B） obstruct （ C） co
21、inage （ D） conjure 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbedes(1994)article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-liberati
22、ng development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization compels them to intervene on the side of the marginalized. Their motivation is not derived from a
23、 love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral. Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whos
24、e culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners first or home languages or diale
25、cts and in their orality? Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of having one student read out loud
26、to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of “sharing, solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings“. Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of
27、minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an in
28、dividual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor(1993)describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based
29、dialogic perspective? 31 A literacy animator is one who_. （ A） struggles for a more meaningful life （ B） frees people from poverty and illiteracy （ C） is committed to marginalize the illiterate （ D） is concerned with what is behind illiteracy 32 The author suggests that literacy educators in the U.S
30、. in a way_. （ A） promote students home languages （ B） force students to accept their culture （ C） teach nothing but reading and writing （ D） consider literacy as of non-neutral nature 33 Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to_. （ A） teach American customs and ideology （ B） make a choice of cult
31、ure to be fostered （ C） reject the values of the dominant class （ D） help maintain Nigerian language and culture 34 According to the author, “choral reading“ may represent_. （ A） individualism （ B） collectivism （ C） competition （ D） immersion 35 Animator ideology emphasizes more on_. （ A） the social
32、 function of literacy （ B） students performance in tests （ C） the dominant groups language （ D） the attainment of life skills 35 According to one survey of 12,000 people, about 30 percent of those making New Years resolutions say they dont even keep them into February. And only about 1 in 5 actually
33、 stays on track for six months or more, reports ediets. com, a consumer diet and fitness Web site. But dont let those odds make you reach for the nearest bag of potato chips. Experts say you can keep those resolutions long term, even if youre struggling now. “The motivation comes from within, and so
34、 when you find that youre declining in your healthy eating program, and then just ask yourself, Is this going to get me the results that I want? “, says Leslie Stewart, a registered dietitian and licensed nutritionist. “And if youre doing something every day to eat healthy, then thats going to pay o
35、ff in the long run.“ Stewart advises to use what she calls the 90-10 eating rule. “If youre eating healthy 90 percent of the time, then 10 percent of the time, you can cut yourself some slack and eat pleasurably.“ She says she believes that “healthy eating is evolution instead of resolution“. The sa
36、me principle can be applied to a lagging exercise resolution, too. Staying motivated is key to long-term success, and reviewing original goals can help strengthen a weakening workout program. Adding variety to a fitness regime also can prevent you from hanging up those exercise shoes. After a few we
37、eks of well-intentioned workouts, boredom may be creeping youre your routine. Setting goals too high is another common mistake. If youre not running a marathon at the end of the month, dont worry, say Mayo Clinic experts. A too intense workout and the resulting pain and stiffness is discouraging and
38、 may force most to abandon a program. Starting slowly is key. But if your goals already have fallen by the wayside, Uria says to start up again immediately. “A little setback is OK; get back on the horse and ride- drive toward that goal,“ he says. 36 According to the author, only about 20% people ke
39、eping their resolutions does not necessarily mean that_. （ A） the figure is rather depressing and unexpected as well （ B） those who have made their resolution should give up their effort （ C） whoever keep their resolutions should start eating potato chips （ D） long-term resolutions are not important
40、 for those facing troubles 37 What is the idea behind the 90-10 eating rule according to the passage? （ A） You should keep eating healthy 90% of the time. （ B） You should feel free to eat 10% of the time. （ C） You should learn to eat healthy gradually. （ D） Sudden change will be more efficient and e
41、ffective. 38 Which of the following you should avoid to keep yourself interested in exercise? （ A） Hanging up your exercise shoes if you feel tired. （ B） Keeping boredom away from your daily activity. （ C） Making a schedule with too high goals in it. （ D） Running a marathon at the beginning of the m
42、onth. 39 How many suggestions at least have been introduced concerning the exercise resolution? （ A） Four （ B） Five （ C） Six （ D） Seven 40 What is critically important in making long-term resolutions successful? （ A） You should be struggling with yourself all the time. （ B） You should constantly eva
43、luate the results you want. （ C） You should try to keep yourself motivated. （ D） You should try your best to diversify your fitness practice. 40 Our present generation of cultural critics, arriving after the assault of postmodernism and the increasingly widespread commercialization of culture, has b
44、een cast adrift, without any firm basis for judgments. Publications and institutions to support serious criticism, in this view, either no longer exist or are few in number. Critics today, it is also claimed, are too cozy behind the ivied walls of academe, content to employ a prose style that is dec
45、ipherable only to a handful of the cognoscente. The deadly dive of university critics into the shallow depths of popular culture, moreover, reveals the unwillingness of these critics to uphold standards. Even if the reasons offered are contradictory, these Jeremiahs huddle around their sad conclusio
46、n that serious cultural criticism has fallen into a morass of petty bickering and bloated reputations. Such narratives of declension, a staple of American intellectual life since the time of the Puritans, are misplaced, self-serving, and historically inaccurate, and difficult to prove. Has the level
47、 of criticism declined in the last 50 years? Of course the logic of such an opinion depends on the figures that are being contrasted with one another. Any number of cultural critics thriving today could be invoked to demonstrate. That cultural criticism is alive and well. But many new and thriving v
48、enues for criticism and debate exist today, and they are not limited solely to the discussion of literary works. Actually, they became so encrusted with their own certitude and political judgments that they became largely irrelevant. Today the complaint is that literary culture lacks civility. We li
49、ve in an age of commercialism and spectacle. Writers seek the limelight, and one way to bask in it is to publish reviews that scorch the landscape, with Dale Peck as the fatuous, but not atypical, case in point. Heidi Julavits, in an essay in The Believer, lamented the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing. She surveyed a literary culture that had embraced “snark“, her term for hostile, self-serving reviews. The snark
