1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 161及答案与解析 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 0 How many different kinds of emotions do you feel? You may be【 21】 to find that it is very hard to specify
2、all of them. Not only【 22】 hard to describe in words, they are difficult to【 23】 . As a result, two people rarely【 24】 all of them. However, there are a number of【 25】 emotions that most people experience. When we receive something that we want, or something happens【 26】 we like, we usually feel joy
3、 or happiness. Joy is a positive and powerful emotion,【 27】 for which we all strive. It is natural to want to be happy, and all of us【 28】 happiness. As a general【 29】 , joy occurs when we reach a【 30】 goal or obtain a desired object. 【 31】 people often desire different goals and objects, it is【 32】
4、 that one person may find joy in repairing an automobile,【 33】 another may find joy in solving a math problem. Of course, we often share【 34】 goals or interests, and therefore we can experience joy together. This may be in sports, in the arts, in learning, in raising a family, or in【 35】 being toget
5、her. When we have difficulty【 36】 desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience【 37】 emotions such as anger and grief. When little things get in our way, we experience【 38】 frustrations or tensions. For example, if you are dressing to go out【 39】 a date, you may feel frustration when a zip
6、per breaks or a button fails off. If you really want something to happen, and you feel it【 40】 happen, but someone or something stops it, you may become quite angry. （ A） shocked （ B） astounded （ C） surprised （ D） bewildered （ A） emotional feelings are （ B） are emotional feelings （ C） the emotional
7、（ D） is the emotional feeling （ A） list （ B） recognize （ C） arrange （ D） understand （ A） agree （ B） agree on （ C） agree with （ D） agree to （ A） necessary （ B） vital （ C） essential （ D） basic （ A） if （ B） what （ C） that （ D） when （ A） one （ B） the one （ C） very one （ D） only one （ A） search to （ B） s
8、earch of （ C） search （ D） search for （ A） practice （ B） rule （ C） law （ D） sense （ A） desired （ B） desirous （ C） prospective （ D） fascinated （ A） For （ B） When （ C） Since （ D） Being （ A） understanding （ B） to understand （ C） understood （ D） understandable （ A） however （ B） if （ C） while （ D） even th
9、ough （ A） same （ B） common （ C） similar （ D） different （ A） just （ B） only （ C） right （ D） even （ A） of obtaining （ B） in obtaining （ C） with obtaining （ D） for obtaining （ A） bad （ B） harmful （ C） uneasy （ D） negative （ A） small （ B） little （ C） insignificant （ D） minor （ A） on （ B） in （ C） for （ D
10、） to （ A） will （ B） shall （ C） should （ D） would Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries.
11、The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, which is a key factor in language maintenance and preservation. It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the ce
12、nturies ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it. population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the worlds last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a
13、future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the worlds peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to ed
14、ucation, economic opportunity, and a better way of life. Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that? Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep
15、their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism (mastery of two languages). Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres-at home, among friends, in community settingsand a global language at work, in dealings with government, an
16、d in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing forces of globalization. Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could a
17、lso help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer-aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages. For
18、 many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient, however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous communities have shown tha
19、t it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language. 21 Minority languages can be best preserved in _. （ A） an increasingly interconnected world （ B） maintaining small numbers of speakers （ C） relatively isolated language communities （ D） following
20、the tradition of the 20th century 22 According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _. （ A） uncertain （ B） unrealistic （ C） foreseeable （ D） definite 23 According to the author, bilingualism can help _. （ A） small languages become acceptable in work p
21、laces （ B） homogenize the worlds languages and cultures （ C） global languages reach home and community settings （ D） speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity 24 Computer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it _. （ A） makes learning a global language unnece
22、ssary （ B） facilitates the learning and using of those languages （ C） raises public awareness of saving those languages （ D） makes it easier for linguists to study those languages 25 In the authors view, many endangered languages are _. （ A） remarkably well-kept in this modern world. （ B） exceptiona
23、lly powerful tools of communication （ C） quite possible to be revived instead of dying out （ D） a unique way of bringing different groups together 25 The hotels are full, Japanese tourists throng the designer stores of Waikiki, and the unemployment rate is a mere 3% of the workforce. So what could p
24、ossibly knock Hawaii, the “aloha“ or “welcome“ state, off its wave? The answer is that Hawaiis 1.2million residents may one day get fed up with playing host to overseas visitors, 7million of them this year. Indeed, some residents are already fed up. KAHEA, an alliance of environmentalists and defend
25、ers of native Hawaiian culture, bemoans the pollution caused by the cruise ships and the risk posed by the tourist hordes to creatures such as the dark-rumped petrel and the Oahu tree snail, or to plants like the Marsilea villosa fern. KAHEA has a point, the US Fish Wildlife Service currently lists
26、some 317 species, including 273 plants, in the Hawaiian islands as threatened or endangered-the highest number of any state in the nation. Even the state flower, the hibiscus brackenridgei, is on the danger list. The loss of species, says one government report, has been “staggering“. As for the impa
27、ct of tourism on Hawaiian culture, a KAHEA spokeswoman wryly notes the element of exploitation: “Native Hawaiian culture is used as a selling pointcome to this paradise where beautiful women are doing the hula on your dinner plate. “ So what else is new? Hawaiis environment and culture have been und
28、er threat ever since Captain Cook and his germ-carrying sailors dropped anchor in 1778. Foreign imports have inevitably had an impact on species that evolved over the millennia in isolation. Moreover, with up to 25 non-native species arriving each year, the impact will continue. But, as the US Geolo
29、gical Survey argues, the impact can add to biodiversity as well as lessen it. The real challenge, therefore, is for Hawaii to find a balance between the costs and the benefits of development in general and tourism in particular. The benefits are not to be sneezed at. The states unemployment rate has
30、 been below the national average for the past two-and-a-half years. Economists at the University of Hawaii reckon that Hawaiians real personal income rose by 2.8% last year, will rise by 2.7% this year and will continue through 2007 at 2.5%. According to the states “strategic plan“ for the next deca
31、de, tourism should take much of the credit, accounting directly and indirectly for some 22% of the states jobs by 2007, more than 17% of its economic output and around 26% of its tax revenues. The trouble is that the costs can be high, too. As one economist puts it, “We have a Manhattan cost of livi
32、ng and Peoria wage rates. “ That translates into a median house price today on the island of Oahu, home to three-quarters of the states population, of $ 500, 000, and a need for many workers to take on more than one job. 26 What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? （ A） Hawaii is in short of the hotels
33、now. （ B） Japanese tourists account for the most part of the travelers. （ C） The unemployment rate in Hawaii is very low. （ D） Hawaii may change its “welcome“ policy. 27 How do Hawaiis residents receive tourists now? （ A） Get fed up with them. （ B） Warmly welcome them. （ C） With reserved welcome. （
34、D） With traditional hospitality. 28 According to the passage, all this following are problems resulting from the tourism EXCEPT _. （ A） Environmental pollution （ B） Hawaiian culture （ C） The loss of species （ D） The risk to creatures and biodiversity 29 “The benefits are not to be sneezed at. “ (Lin
35、e 1, Para 4) By saying so, the author means _. （ A） the states employment rate is higher than other states （ B） people in Hawaii get the benefit of seldom sneezing （ C） tourism should take much of the credit （ D） the advantages of tourism should not be overlooked 30 It is implied in the last paragra
36、ph that _. （ A） there is a lot of trouble living in Hawaii （ B） living expenditure in Hawaii is as high as that in Manhattan （ C） living expenditure in Hawaii is incompatible with income （ D） house price today in Hawaii is unbelievably high 30 Names have gained increasing importance in the competiti
37、ve world of higher education. As colleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and
38、appealing to students from throughout the state. “All I hear in higher education is, Brand, brand, brand,“ said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lippmann Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. “
39、There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education. “ Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight col
40、leges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School. Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultants creation of “naming structures“ , “brand architecture“ and “iden
41、tity systems“, the university has come up with a new name., the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos (标识 ), banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the New School“ . Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how
42、 a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban counties east of San Francisco. The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University
43、 at Pueblo two years ago, hoping to highlight many internal changes, including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards. Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons, to break the connection with its past as a womens college, to prom
44、ote its growth into a full-fledged university and, officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the colleges old name on late-night television and “morning zoo“ radio shows. Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to t
45、he rise in applications, the average students test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said. 31 Which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names? （ A） They prefer higher education competition. （ B） They try to gain advantage in market sh
46、are. （ C） They want to project their image. （ D） They hope to make some changes. 32 It is implied that one of the most significant changes in higher education in the past decade is _. （ A） the brand （ B） the college names （ C） the concept of marketing （ D） list of majors. 33 The phrase “come up with
47、“ (Line 3, Para. 4) probably means _. （ A） catch up with （ B） deal with （ C） put forward （ D） come to the realization 34 The case of name changing from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State indicates that the university _. （ A） is perceived by the society （ B） hopes to expand its influence （ C） prefers t
48、o reform its teaching programs （ D） expects to enlarge its campus. 35 According to the spokeswoman, the name change of Beaver College _. （ A） turns out very successful （ B） fails to attain its goal （ C） has eliminated some jokes （ D） has transformed its status 35 It has been a wretched few weeks for
49、 Americas celebrity bosses. AIGs Maurice Greenberg has been dramatically ousted from the firm through which he dominated global insurance for decades. At Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Philip Purcell, a boss used to getting his own way, into an increasingly desperate campaign to save his skin. At Boeing, Harry Stonecipher was called out of retirement to lead the scandal-hit firm and raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked for sending e-mails to a lover who was also an
