1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it
3、, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B. C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor an
4、d authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in E
5、urope to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella app
6、eared in France and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas
7、began to be made in a whole variety of colors. 1 The first use of umbrella was as_. （ A） protection against rain （ B） a shade against the sun （ C） a symbol of power （ D） a symbol of honor 2 _were the people who first used umbrellas. （ A） Chinese （ B） Romans （ C） Greeks （ D） Egyptians 3 The umbrella
8、was used only by royalty or by those in high offices_. （ A） in Europe in the 18th century （ B） in ancient Egypt and Babylon （ C） in the Far East in ancient times （ D） during the Middle Ages 4 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Women enjoy using umbrellas wi
9、th varied kinds of colors nowadays. （ B） The inventor of the umbrella is unknown. （ C） Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas. （ D） Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times. 5 Which of the following statements is the best title of the passage? （ A） When Was the Umbrella Invented
10、? （ B） The History of Umbrella （ C） Umbrella A Symbol of Honor （ D） Who Used Umbrella First? 6 England is the_country to use umbrella in Europe. （ A） third （ B） fourth （ C） fifth （ D） sixth 6 “I have great confidence that by the end of the decade well know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,“ say
11、s microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,“ he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were availabl
12、e. “ This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statist
13、ics are still discouraging 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas. With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing
14、 genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but th
15、e likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,“ says oncologist William Haywar. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We cant prepare
16、a medicine against cosmic rays. “ The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter. “First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the tro
17、uble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action. “ 7 The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to_. （ A） predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade （ B） indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright （ C） prove that cancer will be cured in
18、 fifty to sixty years （ D） warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered 8 The author implies that by the year 2000, _. （ A） there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients （ B） 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be
19、living （ C） the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers （ D） there wont be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients 9 Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes_. （ A） that are always in operation in a healthy person （ B） which remain unharmful so long a
20、s they are not activated （ C） that can be driven out of normal cells （ D） which normal cells cant turn off 10 The word “dormant“ in the third paragraph most probably means_. （ A） dead （ B） ever-present （ C） inactive （ D） potential 11 It can be inferred that the severity of cancers can be ranked as_.
21、 （ A） skin cancer, lung cancer, pancreas cancer （ B） skin cancer, pancreas cancer, lung cancer （ C） lung cancer, skin cancer, pancreas cancer （ D） pancreas cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer 12 According to the text, which statement of cancer is correct? （ A） Cures of cancer will be available by the e
22、nd of the decade. （ B） Cancers can never be prevented. （ C） The cure possibility of cancer currently is 50%. （ D） People can prevent cancers one day. 12 Its a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.
23、 Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes. Feeling threatened, companies responde
24、d by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might surprise fall off. The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly“. While war
25、nings are often appropriate and necessary the dangers of drug interactions, for example and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when i
26、njured customers take them to court. Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sport
27、s in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. “Were really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets arent designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,“ says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, n
28、ot the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard
29、 them with a lengthy list of possible ones. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,“ says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided
30、for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. 13 What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? （ A） Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits. （ B） Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system. （ C） Companies would avoi
31、d being sued by providing new warnings. （ D） Juries tended to find fault witb the compensations companies promised. 14 Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to_. （ A） satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products （ B） become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products （
32、 C） make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability （ D） feel obliged to view customers safety as their first concern 15 The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that_. （ A） some injury claims were no longer supported by law （ B） helmets were not designed to prevent injuries （ C） product labels w
33、ould eventually be discarded （ D） some sports games might lose popularity with athletes 16 The authors attitude towards the issue seems to be_. （ A） biased （ B） indifferent （ C） puzzling （ D） objective 17 The American Law Institute excludes the members of_. （ A） judge （ B） jury （ C） academic （ D） at
34、torney 18 It can be inferred from the text that_. （ A） once customers misfortunes happen, they can get compensation from companies （ B） once customers misfortunes happen, they cant get compensation from companies （ C） according to current law, the information on the products was provided for the ben
35、efits of customers （ D） according to current law, the information on the products was provided as protection against legal liability 18 The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rime, and pitch as major devices; to these th
36、e one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and various traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been rea
37、d or chanted to a harpists accompaniment; the verb used in Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode, is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song. A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours. The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of L
38、eonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be “Gerontion“, or “Hound Dog“, our criteria for evaluating the wor
39、k must remain the same. The most important prerequisite for both a significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because these are
40、 the only means by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poems vision on pain of writing only the derivative or the trivia
41、l. Historically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile compliance to popular taste. 19 According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and music_. （ A） is
42、 a debatable topic （ B） can be made but in a limited way （ C） is indisputable if you analyse history （ D） needs to be acknowledged more by poets 20 The author cites Beowulf in order to show that_. （ A） the distance between song and poetry is not so great （ B） a song like Beowulf can sound like a poe
43、m （ C） English poetry is highly connected to songs （ D） songs generally evolve into poetry over time 21 Which of the following statements is true, according to the text? （ A） The lyrics of a song are no different from the lyrics of poetry. （ B） Song lyrics and poetry must be treated analytically as
44、the same. （ C） The differences between poetry and song lyrics have been overstated. （ D） It is the time not the aesthetics that is different in most poems and song lyrics. 22 A poem or a song can be significant when_. （ A） it is done by a faithful writer （ B） the writer has a personal vision of the
45、poem or song （ C） it is written within the vision of the poem, song, poet or songwriter （ D） the writer is willing to go outside of the vision 23 In the text, the author focuses on_. （ A） the shared, most important evaluation criteria in songwriting and poetry （ B） the various ways songs and poems a
46、re similar （ C） the difference between good poetry and songs and mediocre ones （ D） how to evaluate a poem and a songs value from a lyrical standpoint 24 According to the text, which one below doesnt show a close relationship between poetry and music? （ A） Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry. （ B） Beowulf. （
47、C） Hound Dog. （ D） English poetry. 在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 38答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the correspo
48、nding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是第 1段的最后一句话 “Its first use was a shade against thesun”，因此 B项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 2段的最后一句话 “Probably the first to use it werethe Chinese”，因此 A项为正确
49、答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 3段的最后一句话 “In the Far East in ancient times， the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices”， 因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 综观全文，只有 D项文中并未提及，因此 D项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文中内容可知，作者是按照时间顺序讲述伞的历史。因此 B项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 依据本文第 5段可知，在欧洲伞的使用先后顺序是：希腊一罗马一意大利一法国一英国，因此选 C项。 【知识 模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从第 1段最后一句 “想一想 Pasteur吧，他发现了许多传染病病因，但是过了五六十年才有了治疗方法 ”
